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Pennsylvania Publishes Long-Awaited Study on Radioactivity in Landfill Runoff – Inside Climate News

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Pennsylvania Publishes Long-Awaited Study on Radioactivity in Landfill Runoff – Inside Climate News


A decade ago, Pennsylvania’s Department of Environmental Protection published a study on radioactivity in the oil and gas industry, motivated by fears that increasing volumes of toxic fracking waste could pose risks to the environment and public health. That study concluded, in part, that more research was needed—especially regarding the impacts on landfills where this waste is disposed.

On Friday, the agency released a follow-up study that specifically examined landfill leachate, the liquid byproduct formed when rainwater passes through waste, picking up contaminants along the way. 

“The takeaway here is that there is no risk to human health from radiation in landfill leachate,” said Jessica Shirley, DEP’s secretary, in a press release. DEP’s study analyzed samples from 49 landfills in Pennsylvania over two years, from 2021 to 2023. That includes 23 landfills that received oil and gas waste, according to state records.

But environmental and policy experts warned that this study was too narrow to draw definitive conclusions about the potential for long-term harm from leachate contaminated by such waste. 

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“This is an interim report,” said Daniel Bain, an associate professor of geology and environmental science at the University of Pittsburgh who has studied oil and gas waste. “This is not, ‘We’ve looked at the problem; it’s not a problem.’ It’s, ‘We’ve looked at the problem. There doesn’t appear to be a problem now.’” 

The snapshot DEP captured in this study doesn’t preclude different results in the future, Bain said, and provides little insight into cumulative environmental effects.

The study acknowledges its determination that there is “no current cause for concern” is based on limited data. “It is important to recognize that more landfill leachate samples and radiochemistry analysis is warranted to generate additional data to confirm these initial findings,” the study’s authors wrote in their conclusions.

David Allard, the former director of DEP’s Bureau of Radiation Protection, who oversaw the 2016 study on oil and gas waste, said he was “not surprised” by the results. “It’s in line with what they were seeing early on,” he said. “I’m comfortable with the findings” that radioactivity from leachate doesn’t currently pose a threat to human health. 

However, DEP should implement consistent, long-term monitoring, Allard said. “The landfills will change over time. My opinion is there should be at least annual sampling.”

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In 2021, then-Gov. Tom Wolf announced that landfills in Pennsylvania would be required to regularly test for radium. Gov. Josh Shapiro, who was then the attorney general, supported Wolf’s decision at the time. DEP confirmed in December that the requirement had not been implemented, and it did not announce any such rule alongside the new report.

DEP found that samples from only 11 of the landfills exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s limits for combined radium-226 and 228 in drinking water, and none of them exceeded the much higher annual average standard for radium set by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission for untreated wastewater from facilities licensed to use radioactive material. 

Neither of these numbers is ideal for assessing leachate. “There really are no standards for leachate,” Allard said. 

DEP also found “no correlation” between samples that exceeded the EPA standard and landfills that, according to state records, had accepted oil and gas waste. But a 2025 Inside Climate News analysis found that some of those records are full of inconsistencies. Discrepancies totaled almost 1.4 million tons between what Pennsylvania oil and gas operators said they’d sent and what landfills said they’d received, with some landfills reporting far more incoming oil and gas waste. One possible explanation is waste coming in from other states.

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Oil and gas operators reported creating nearly 8.8 million tons of solid waste between 2017 and 2024. About 6.3 million tons of it went to landfills across the state. 

Environmental groups in Pennsylvania have worried about the consequences of generating and disposing of so much oil and gas waste since the fracking boom began two decades ago. Oil and gas waste is often radioactive, and it can also contain heavy metals and other toxic chemicals. 

Former DEP Secretary David Hess, who now runs the publication PA Environment Digest, pointed out several previous issues related to radioactive fracking waste, from it being sent to public wastewater treatment plants that couldn’t properly handle it to treatment equipment needing to be decontaminated for radiation.

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“Like a lot of things with the shale gas industry, we are the guinea pigs and have to learn things the hard way,” he said. 

Several studies have shown that some radioactivity from oil and gas waste has already found its way into the environment—for example, downstream of discharge points from facilities that processed or accepted that waste. 

“They are just acting like the end of the pipe is the end. They aren’t thinking about what’s going to happen as things accumulate in the streams,” Bain said of the DEP study. 

He cautioned that the nature of the pollutants in oil and gas waste—and the total volume produced by the state every year—means regulators will need to keep a close eye on radioactivity in the environment and at landfills for a long time to come.

“Now that we’ve allowed it to happen, we’re going to have to be watching forever,” he said.

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Trump admin rule puts reproductive health care for 160K Pa. patients at risk, lawsuit says

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Trump admin rule puts reproductive health care for 160K Pa. patients at risk, lawsuit says


Family planning and health organizations that serve tens of thousands of people across Pennsylvania could see federal funding delayed or denied by a new Trump administration policy, a new lawsuit alleges.

The suit, which includes the Cumberland County-based Family Health Council of Central Pennsylvania as a plaintiff, takes aim at a step added this year by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to applications for Title X grants, which provide local agencies with funds to aid low-income and uninsured patients with family planning and related health services.

That new process is detailed in the Title X 2027 Notice of Funding Opportunity published in April. It states that before applicants are assessed on their merits, a group of presidential appointees will conduct an “alignment review” to determine whether each application matches the agency’s “priorities.” The plan offers no opportunity to appeal the group’s decision.

To the plaintiffs in the suit, that sounded like code for evaluating applicants based on politics.

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“The Trump administration’s attempt to condition Title X funding on political allegiance is a grave threat to public health,” Sara Rose, deputy legal director at ACLU of Pennsylvania and attorney on the case, said in a statement. “Grant decisions must be guided by objective standards to ensure that taxpayer money is spent fairly and efficiently without regard to the ideology of its recipients.”

Created during the Nixon administration to help low-income people prevent unwanted pregnancies, Title X funding has long drawn opposition from anti-abortion activists.

The Trump administration has also attempted to shift the focus of the program toward promoting more pregnancies. Officials tried and failed earlier this year to block Title X funding from reaching Planned Parenthood facilities.

The suit is filed in the federal Middle District of Pennsylvania. It names HHS, Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., and other agency staff as defendants.

There are four Title X grantees in the commonwealth, each serving a specific region: The Family Health Council in central Pennsylvania, AccessMatters in Philadelphia, Adagio Health in the west, and Maternal and Family Health Services in the northeast.

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Combined, they receive more than $12.6 million in Title X funds annually to serve more than 160,000 patients in Pennsylvania, according to their grant details listed on HHS’ website. (AccessMatters is by far the largest, working with more than 90,000 people.)

These organizations offer everything from fertility care and access to contraception to screenings for cancers and sexually transmitted infections.

Nationwide, the most recent data from HHS shows Title X grantees served nearly 2.8 million people.

Also at issue in the lawsuit is that HHS already has a set of regulations, put in place during President Joe Biden’s administration, that govern Title X applications — and many of them directly conflict with stated Trump administration priorities.

The suit highlights, for instance, that the HHS website currently states that ending “ideologically-laden concepts like health equity” is a priority, while Title X rules simultaneously require grantees to “advance health equity.”

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Another alleged conflict stems from the Trump administration’s opposition to diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives, especially for transgender people. Current Title X regulations mandate that grantees ensure transgender people have access to their programming.

Brigitte Amiri, deputy director at the ACLU’s Reproductive Freedom Project, told Spotlight PA that the Trump administration could overturn the Biden-era regulations by undertaking a public notice and comment rulemaking process.

“But you can’t just do it by a funding announcement,” she said.

The new review step “subverts the integrity” of the Title X grant application process, the lawsuit argues, and enables HHS “to hijack” the Title X program to fund organizations furthering the agency’s “political agenda.”

The lawsuit also notes that Title X funds are prohibited from being used for abortions.

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Federal Judge Jennifer Wilson, who was nominated to the bench by Trump in 2019, will hear the case.

Spotlight PA sought a comment on the lawsuit from HHS, but did not receive a response.

The Family Health Council of Central Pennsylvania was selected to join the lawsuit because it has received Title X funding since the establishment of the program in 1970, and it serves a large area, the chief executive of the National Family Planning & Reproductive Health Association told Stateline.

Patricia Fonzi, president and CEO of the Family Health Council, said in a statement that her organization serves more than 31,000 people across a 24-county region.

“We welcome a competitive grant process and believe every applicant should be evaluated on its ability to effectively serve communities, responsibly steward federal resources, and demonstrate the experience and capacity necessary to carry out the Title X statute,” Fonzi said.

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“At the end of the day, the success of Title X is measured by whether people can access the care they need in their own communities — and that depends on funding decisions grounded in experience, proven performance, and the ability to deliver comprehensive care where it is needed most.”

The plaintiffs are urging the court to vacate the Trump administration’s new Title X rule and declare it “unlawful.”

Title X funds are issued to agencies on a five-year basis, with annual renewal requirements. The new rule at issue was included in the process for grants under fiscal year 2027, which will begin a new five-year cycle.

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This story was originally published by Spotlight PA and distributed through a partnership with The Associated Press.

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Federal government sues Pennsylvania, others over SNAP data

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Federal government sues Pennsylvania, others over SNAP data


(WHTM) — Pennsylvania is one of four states facing a lawsuit from the federal government over SNAP applicant data.

The U.S. Department of Justice filed suit against Pennsylvania, Kentucky, Michigan, and Minnesota. They are seeking the last five years of SNAP applicant data in the respective states.

The DOJ alleges that the four states refused to turn over data to the U.S. Department of Agriculture “so that USDA could ensure that states are properly administering and enforcing their determinations of residents’ eligibility.”

“The American people deserve a government that is transparent about how it spends their hard-earned tax dollars,” said Acting Attorney General Todd Blanche. “These four states are thwarting USDA’s efforts to ensure that the billions of dollars in SNAP benefits they distribute every year are not lost to fraud.”

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“Stopping the rampant theft of taxpayer money demands a whole-of-government response, including strong participation at the state level,” said Assistant Attorney General Colin M. McDonald of the Justice Department’s National Fraud Enforcement Division. “These states are happy to take hundreds of millions of federal tax dollars—much of which is exploited by fraudsters—but want zero transparency over how those tax dollars are spent.”

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The Department of Justice said 28 states promptly provided data and such indicated “there are billions of dollars per year in SNAP funds going to overpayments and fraud.”

The USDA has been seeking data for the past year or so, leading to a legal battle over concerns about how the data would be used.



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House Republicans stall activity, Pennsylvania Rep. Meuser calls tactics ‘foolish’ | Fox Business Video

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House Republicans stall activity, Pennsylvania Rep. Meuser calls tactics ‘foolish’ | Fox Business Video


House Speaker Mike Johnson sent representatives home early as hardline Republicans stalled floor activities, demanding action on the SAVE America Act. President Donald Trump posted on Truth Social, urging House Republicans to unify and avoid giving power to Democrats. Rep. Dan Meuser (R-PA) labels the stalling tactics ‘foolish,’ emphasizing the need for legislative progress and appropriations.



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