New York
Unpacking Mamdani’s Viral Victory Speech
Eugene V. Debs (1855-1926), a labor leader and five-time Socialist Party presidential candidate, spoke these words in 1918 while awaiting sentencing after being convicted under the Espionage Act of interfering with the World War I draft. He ran for president from prison in 1920, as Convict No. 9653, and received nearly one million votes.
Mr. Mamdani has promoted raising the city’s minimum wage to $30 an hour by 2030, which would be a boon to workers like deliveristas, but is opposed by many business owners.
The speech was notably short on conciliatory language, echoing the rancor of the late stages of the campaign. Neither Mr. Cuomo nor Mayor Eric Adams called Mr. Mamdani to congratulate him, though Curtis Sliwa, the Republican candidate, did.
Mr. Mamdani won with just over 50 percent of the vote. Former Mayor Bill de Blasio claimed a mandate after winning 73 percent of the vote in 2013, and then ran into opposition from Mr. Cuomo, then the governor, that thwarted much of his agenda. Eric Adams won 67 percent of the vote in 2021.
Steinway Street in Astoria, Queens, includes a section known as Little Egypt, and is part of a stretch of Queens and Brooklyn neighborhoods that has been dubbed the “Commie Corridor.”
In Arabic, ana minkum wa alaikum translates roughly as “I’m one of you and I’m for you” (or “We are of you and you are of us”).
New York City has an estimated 4,000 to 6,000 Yemeni-owned bodegas, or small grocery stores, according to the Yemeni American Merchant Association.
More than 90 percent of the city’s taxi drivers were born outside the United States.
Among South Asians, “auntie” is a term of respect for any older woman. Mr. Mamdani was criticized for referring to a relative of his father’s, who he said was afraid to ride the subway after the Sept. 11 attacks, as his “aunt.”
During the campaign, Mr. Mamdani made repeated visits to Kensington and Midwood in Brooklyn and Hunts Point in the Bronx, neighborhoods that do not typically get much attention from candidates. He took only 19 percent of the vote in Midwood but handily won the other two.
According to the real estate website Zillow, the average rent for a studio apartment in New York City is $3,225.
The Bx33 bus runs between Harlem in Manhattan and Port Morris in the Bronx. Mr. Mamdani has vowed to make city buses fast and free. But the governor controls the transit authority.
In 2021, when he was still an assembly member representing Astoria, Mr. Mamdani joined a hunger strike by taxi drivers to lower the price of medallions, which they need to drive. After 15 days, the city agreed to drastic cuts in drivers’ monthly payments.
Mr. Gerson, the speechwriter, said Mr. Mamdani had added this sentiment so supporters could pause to reflect on how far they had come since the start of the year, when Mr. Mamdani was polling at 1 percent.
His parents are the filmmaker Mira Nair and Mahmood Mamdani, a professor at Columbia University.
One New York Post article described Rama Duwaji as Mr. Mamdani’s “aloof wife” and claimed she was quietly running the campaign. Thereafter, “aloof wife” became an ironic badge of honor on social media. Hayati is Arabic for “my life.”
Barack Obama’s 2008 presidential victory speech, which focused on hope and unity, was an early model for Mr. Mamdani’s address.
Nehru (1889-1964), India’s first prime minister, made this declaration in August 1947, on the eve of the country’s independence.
A number of Mr. Mamdani’s plans are expensive and beyond the sole authority of the mayor, requiring support from the governor and Albany legislators. In his concession speech, Mr. Cuomo said those who voted against Mr. Mamdani “did not vote to support a government agenda that makes promises that we know cannot be met.”
La Guardia (1882-1947), a New Deal-supporting Republican who served three terms as mayor, sometimes referred to himself as a socialist. He is considered by many — including Mr. Mamdani — to have been the city’s best mayor.
The New York City Housing Authority, the city’s biggest landlord, manages over 177,000 apartments that are home to more than half a million legal tenants. The buildings need repairs and renovations totaling some $78 billion, according to the latest estimate by the authority.
Mr. Mamdani proposed this new city agency to help address crime through treatment for mental health and drug abuse, moving some responsibility away from police officers and to health care professionals.
President Trump’s notable firings include Carla Hayden, the librarian of Congress; Lisa Cook, a Federal Reserve governor; and Gwynne Wilcox of the National Labor Relations Board.
During the campaign and after, Mr. Mamdani has drawn criticism from some Jewish New Yorkers for his support for Palestinian rights and tepid condemnation of the slogan “globalize the intifada.” He has reached out to Jewish leaders to assuage their doubts.
More than 20 billionaires contributed to super PACs opposing Mr. Mamdani, including Michael Bloomberg ($13.3 million), the Lauder family ($2.6 million), Joe Gebbia of Airbnb ($2 million), Bill Ackman ($1.75 million) and Barry Diller ($500,000). Mr. Mamdani has proposed a 2 percent tax increase on incomes of more than $1 million.
Mr. Trump has incorrectly called Mr. Mamdani a communist and threatened to deport him or deny federal funds to New York City if he was elected. But after Election Day, the president said he might “help him a little bit maybe,” because he wanted New York City to succeed. Mr. Mamdani used Mr. Trump’s antagonism — and his support for Mr. Cuomo — as a talking point.
Many speculated that “turn the volume up” referred to a song by the rapper KRS-One. But Mr. Gerson, the speechwriter, said it did not.
As of the 2020 Census, 40 percent of New Yorkers were foreign-born. The city has had at least two dozen immigrant mayors, most recently London-born Abraham Beame, who ran the city from 1974 to 1977 and oversaw the city’s fiscal collapse.
Mr. Mamdani gives unacknowledged shout-outs here to former Gov. Mario Cuomo, Andrew Cuomo’s father, who spoke of poetry and prose, and to Ronald Reagan, who immortalized the image of a “shining city on a hill,” which he adapted from a 1630 sermon by John Winthrop, governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
The median rent in a stabilized apartment is $1,570. Mr. Mamdani pays $2,300 for a stabilized one-bedroom apartment.
By some estimates, child care in New York City costs $15,000 to $20,000 per year. Many people are quite happy on Long Island.
Numerous members of the Adams administration, including the mayor himself, faced indictments or investigations. After Mr. Trump’s Justice Department abandoned the charges against Mr. Adams, apparently in exchange for his help with the president’s deportation agenda, the backlash quashed Mr. Adams’s diminishing hopes for re-election.
Mr. de Blasio, whom Mr. Mamdani has called the city’s best mayor in his lifetime, made universal pre-K his signature legislation.
Zohran K. Mamdani, Paramount Theater, Nov. 4, 2025
Thank you, my friends. The sun may have set over our city this evening, but as Eugene Debs once said, “I can see the dawn of a better day for humanity.”
For as long as we can remember, the working people of New York have been told by the wealthy and the well-connected that power does not belong in their hands.
Fingers bruised from lifting boxes on the warehouse floor, palms calloused from delivery bike handlebars, knuckles scarred with kitchen burns: These are not hands that have been allowed to hold power. And yet, over the last 12 months, you have dared to reach for something greater.
Tonight, against all odds, we have grasped it. The future is in our hands. My friends, we have toppled a political dynasty.
I wish Andrew Cuomo only the best in private life.
But let tonight be the final time I utter his name, as we turn the page on a politics that abandons the many and answers only to the few. New York, tonight you have delivered. A mandate for change. A mandate for a new kind of politics. A mandate for a city we can afford. And a mandate for a government that delivers exactly that.
On January 1st, I will be sworn in as the mayor of New York City. And that is because of you. So before I say anything else, I must say this: Thank you. Thank you to the next generation of New Yorkers who refuse to accept that the promise of a better future was a relic of the past.
You showed that when politics speaks to you without condescension, we can usher in a new era of leadership. We will fight for you, because we are you.
Or, as we say on Steinway, ana minkum wa alaikum.
Thank you to those so often forgotten by the politics of our city, who made this movement their own. I speak of Yemeni bodega owners and Mexican abuelas. Senegalese taxi drivers and Uzbek nurses. Trinidadian line cooks and Ethiopian aunties. Yes, aunties.
To every New Yorker in Kensington and Midwood and Hunts Point, know this: This city is your city, and this democracy is yours too. This campaign is about people like Wesley, an 1199 organizer I met outside of Elmhurst Hospital on Thursday night. A New Yorker who lives elsewhere, who commutes two hours each way from Pennsylvania because rent is too expensive in this city.
It’s about people like the woman I met on the Bx33 years ago who said to me, “I used to love New York, but now it’s just where I live.” And it’s about people like Richard, the taxi driver I went on a 15-day hunger strike with outside of City Hall, who still has to drive his cab seven days a week. My brother, we are in City Hall now.
This victory is for all of them. And it’s for all of you, the more than 100,000 volunteers who built this campaign into an unstoppable force. Because of you, we will make this city one that working people can love and live in again. With every door knocked, every petition signature earned, and every hard-earned conversation, you eroded the cynicism that has come to define our politics.
Now, I know that I have asked for much from you over this last year. Time and again, you have answered my calls — but I have one final request. New York City, breathe this moment in. We have held our breath for longer than we know.
We have held it in anticipation of defeat, held it because the air has been knocked out of our lungs too many times to count, held it because we cannot afford to exhale. Thanks to all of those who sacrificed so much. We are breathing in the air of a city that has been reborn.
To my campaign team, who believed when no one else did and who took an electoral project and turned it into so much more: I will never be able to express the depth of my gratitude. You can sleep now.
To my parents, Mama and Baba: You have made me into the man I am today. I am so proud to be your son. And to my incredible wife, Rama, hayati: There is no one I would rather have by my side in this moment, and in every moment.
To every New Yorker — whether you voted for me, for one of my opponents, or felt too disappointed by politics to vote at all — thank you for the opportunity to prove myself worthy of your trust. I will wake each morning with a singular purpose: to make this city better for you than it was the day before.
There are many who thought this day would never come, who feared that we would be condemned only to a future of less, with every election consigning us simply to more of the same.
And there are others who see politics today as too cruel for the flame of hope to still burn. New York, we have answered those fears.
Tonight we have spoken in a clear voice. Hope is alive. Hope is a decision that tens of thousands of New Yorkers made day after day, volunteer shift after volunteer shift, despite attack ad after attack ad. More than a million of us stood in our churches, in gymnasiums, in community centers, as we filled in the ledger of democracy.
And while we cast our ballots alone, we chose hope together. Hope over tyranny. Hope over big money and small ideas. Hope over despair. We won because New Yorkers allowed themselves to hope that the impossible could be made possible. And we won because we insisted that no longer would politics be something that is done to us. Now, it is something that we do.
Standing before you, I think of the words of Jawaharlal Nehru: “A moment comes, but rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the new, when an age ends, and when the soul of a nation, long suppressed, finds utterance.”
Tonight we have stepped out from the old into the new. So let us speak now, with clarity and conviction that cannot be misunderstood, about what this new age will deliver, and for whom.
This will be an age where New Yorkers expect from their leaders a bold vision of what we will achieve, rather than a list of excuses for what we are too timid to attempt. Central to that vision will be the most ambitious agenda to tackle the cost-of-living crisis that this city has seen since the days of Fiorello La Guardia: an agenda that will freeze the rents for more than two million rent-stabilized tenants, make buses fast and free, and deliver universal child care across our city.
Years from now, may our only regret be that this day took so long to come. This new age will be one of relentless improvement. We will hire thousands more teachers. We will cut waste from a bloated bureaucracy. We will work tirelessly to make lights shine again in the hallways of NYCHA developments where they have long flickered.
Safety and justice will go hand in hand as we work with police officers to reduce crime and create a Department of Community Safety that tackles the mental health crisis and homelessness crises head on. Excellence will become the expectation across government, not the exception. In this new age we make for ourselves, we will refuse to allow those who traffic in division and hate to pit us against one another.
In this moment of political darkness, New York will be the light. Here, we believe in standing up for those we love, whether you are an immigrant, a member of the trans community, one of the many Black women that Donald Trump has fired from a federal job, a single mom still waiting for the cost of groceries to go down, or anyone else with their back against the wall. Your struggle is ours, too.
And we will build a City Hall that stands steadfast alongside Jewish New Yorkers and does not waver in the fight against the scourge of antisemitism. Where the more than one million Muslims know that they belong — not just in the five boroughs of this city, but in the halls of power.
No more will New York be a city where you can traffic in Islamophobia and win an election. This new age will be defined by a competence and a compassion that have too long been placed at odds with one another. We will prove that there is no problem too large for government to solve, and no concern too small for it to care about.
For years, those in City Hall have only helped those who can help them. But on January 1st, we will usher in a city government that helps everyone.
Now, I know that many have heard our message only through the prism of misinformation. Tens of millions of dollars have been spent to redefine reality and to convince our neighbors that this new age is something that should frighten them. As has so often occurred, the billionaire class has sought to convince those making $30 an hour that their enemies are those earning $20 an hour.
They want the people to fight amongst ourselves so that we remain distracted from the work of remaking a long-broken system. We refuse to let them dictate the rules of the game anymore. They can play by the same rules as the rest of us.
Together, we will usher in a generation of change. And if we embrace this brave new course, rather than fleeing from it, we can respond to oligarchy and authoritarianism with the strength it fears, not the appeasement it craves.
After all, if anyone can show a nation betrayed by Donald Trump how to defeat him, it is the city that gave rise to him. And if there is any way to terrify a despot, it is by dismantling the very conditions that allowed him to accumulate power.
This is not only how we stop Trump; it’s how we stop the next one. So, Donald Trump, since I know you’re watching, I have four words for you: Turn the volume up.
We will hold bad landlords to account because the Donald Trumps of our city have grown far too comfortable taking advantage of their tenants. We will put an end to the culture of corruption that has allowed billionaires like Trump to evade taxation and exploit tax breaks. We will stand alongside unions and expand labor protections because we know, just as Donald Trump does, that when working people have ironclad rights, the bosses who seek to extort them become very small indeed.
New York will remain a city of immigrants: a city built by immigrants, powered by immigrants and, as of tonight, led by an immigrant.
So hear me, President Trump, when I say this: To get to any of us, you will have to get through all of us. When we enter City Hall in 58 days, expectations will be high. We will meet them. A great New Yorker once said that while you campaign in poetry, you govern in prose.
If that must be true, let the prose we write still rhyme, and let us build a shining city for all. And we must chart a new path, as bold as the one we have already traveled. After all, the conventional wisdom would tell you that I am far from the perfect candidate.
I am young, despite my best efforts to grow older. I am Muslim. I am a democratic socialist. And most damning of all, I refuse to apologize for any of this.
And yet, if tonight teaches us anything, it is that convention has held us back. We have bowed at the altar of caution, and we have paid a mighty price. Too many working people cannot recognize themselves in our party, and too many among us have turned to the right for answers to why they’ve been left behind.
We will leave mediocrity in our past. No longer will we have to open a history book for proof that Democrats can dare to be great.
Our greatness will be anything but abstract. It will be felt by every rent-stabilized tenant who wakes up on the first of every month knowing the amount they’re going to pay hasn’t soared since the month before. It will be felt by each grandparent who can afford to stay in the home they have worked for, and whose grandchildren live nearby because the cost of child care didn’t send them to Long Island.
It will be felt by the single mother who is safe on her commute and whose bus runs fast enough that she doesn’t have to rush school drop-off to make it to work on time. And it will be felt when New Yorkers open their newspapers in the morning and read headlines of success, not scandal.
Most of all, it will be felt by each New Yorker when the city they love finally loves them back.
Together, New York, we’re going to freeze the… [rent!] Together, New York, we’re going to make buses fast and… [free!] Together, New York, we’re going to deliver universal… [child care!]
Let the words we’ve spoken together, the dreams we’ve dreamt together, become the agenda we deliver together. New York, this power, it’s yours. This city belongs to you.
Thank you.
New York
How a Family of 4 Lives on $168,000 in East Elmhurst, Queens
How can people possibly afford to live in one of the most expensive cities on the planet? It’s a question New Yorkers hear a lot, often delivered with a mix of awe, pity and confusion.
We surveyed hundreds of New Yorkers about how they spend, splurge and save. We found that many people — rich, poor or somewhere in between — live life as a series of small calculations that add up to one big question: What makes living in New York worth it?
When Erika Fernandez-Pacheco was a child growing up in New York City, her family lived largely paycheck to paycheck. Her parents, both immigrants, met at a factory in Manhattan. Her father later worked as a taxi driver and a bodega owner.
These days, Ms. Fernandez-Pacheco and her husband, Manuel Pacheco, are far from rich, but they’re more than comfortable.
Ms. Fernandez-Pacheco works as a sports journalist and content creator, and Mr. Pacheco works in food service at a Manhattan hotel. Together, they earn between $165,000 and $170,000 in a typical year. They have two daughters, 4 and 1.
“We’re not just getting by,” Ms. Fernandez-Pacheco said. “We have a life.”
Luck be a landlord
Having a good landlord in New York City is the best kind of luck.
Ms. Fernandez-Pacheco, 37, and Mr. Pacheco, 38, moved to East Elmhurst, in Queens near LaGuardia Airport, during the Covid pandemic. Ms. Fernandez-Pacheco was pregnant, and they were in search of more space and cheaper rent. They found both in a three-family home on a quiet street.
Their 700-square-foot apartment has two bedrooms and lots of closet space. The landlords, who live downstairs, have not raised the couple’s $1,800 monthly rent since 2021, when they moved in.
But their apartment is far from public transit. Mr. Pacheco has to leave for work by 4:15 most mornings, before the bus starts running. So he uses his monthly Lyft membership to take a car to the nearest subway, which is a half-hour walk away. It’s a $10 expense, even before he swipes his transit card.
The couple looked for apartments closer to the subway but found that rents were $2,500 or more for cramped spaces. They decided to stay put, content with their affordable apartment in their affordable neighborhood.
Recently, Ms. Fernandez-Pacheco has been scrolling a Reddit page where New York parents vent about how expensive it is to live here. Sometimes, their complaints make her roll her eyes.
“The amount of people who are like, ‘I can’t afford to live in New York’ — I’m like, duh, you live in Park Slope!” she said. “Move to Queens, move to the Bronx.”
Grandparents make the best babysitters
The couple have never paid for a babysitter, relying instead on both sets of grandparents to help care for their daughters.
It’s a lot to ask of their aging parents, but the nearby day care centers charge about $2,500 a month, more than the family’s rent.
The system isn’t exactly foolproof. Ms. Fernandez-Pacheco works from home part of the week and watches her children when she has breaks.
She’ll never forget the morning when she was logging on for an important Zoom meeting and her older daughter started vomiting. Ms. Fernandez-Pacheco’s parents were still en route to the house, so she had to slam her laptop shut and rush to her daughter.
When her younger child had a bad case of the respiratory infection R.S.V., Ms. Fernandez-Pacheco worked from the hospital.
The family has found real relief in the city’s free prekindergarten program. The couple’s older daughter attended 3-K last year, and after a tough transition to being dropped off at school, she came to love it. She’s in pre-K this year, which has helped relieve the burden on the grandparents, and will attend a local public school come fall.
The family’s medical costs are minimal. Because Mr. Pacheco is a member of the Hotel and Gaming Trades Council, one of the city’s most powerful unions, the entire family has access to free insurance offered at the union’s dedicated health centers.
The couple is selective about which activities they send the girls to. They’ve signed their older daughter up for swim lessons at a local pool, which cost $45 a week. In the winter, when it’s too cold to take the kids to the playground, they visit a bouncy house nearby, which costs $17 for two hours.
‘Not taking this money to the grave’
The family’s ability to relax enough to enjoy their lives requires long-term planning and diligent saving.
The couple aims to put away about $1,200 a month, hoping to someday have enough saved for a down payment on a house. Sometimes, though, they manage only $500 or so.
They are strategic about their grocery shopping.
The couple uses Ms. Fernandez-Pacheco’s father’s wholesale account at Jetro, a wholesale shop for people in the food business, left over from his days as a bodega owner. They shop there twice a year to buy frozen chicken and beef in bulk, typically spending $150 per trip. The family spends another $250 or so on groceries a month, splitting their shopping between Costco, which Ms. Fernandez-Pacheco thinks has the best prices, and BJ’s, which she believes has the better coupons.
“I feel like I’ve turned into my parents,” Ms. Fernandez-Pacheco said. “I ask around about how much a head of lettuce costs” at different stores.
They waited to buy new tires for their car, which is now paid off, so they could save $600 on a new set during a Black Friday sale.
That budgeting allows them to spend on what they really care about.
They threw big parties for each daughter’s first birthday, with more than 100 guests, top-shelf liquor and lots of food, including homemade ceviche from Ms. Fernandez-Pacheco’s parents, sourced from a seafood market in Flushing, Queens. The total cost for their older daughter’s party, including the venue rental, was about $4,500, which the couple thought was worth it to mark a major milestone for their family.
The couple asked their guests to contribute to their daughters’ college savings accounts in lieu of gifts.
And they try to take one big family vacation a year, most recently to Barbados, which cost about $4,000 between flights and hotels.
It has taken some time for Ms. Fernandez-Pacheco to feel comfortable splurging on herself and her family from time to time. When she frets over a decision, she thinks of her mother-in-law’s encouragement to live a little: “You’re not taking this money to the grave.”
We want to hear from you about how you afford life in one of the most expensive cities in the world. We’re looking to speak with people of all income ranges, with all kinds of living situations and professions.
New York
How the Designer Todd Snyder Gets Ready for New York Fashion Week
Some New Yorkers don’t go above 14th Street in Manhattan. Not Todd Snyder.
Mr. Snyder, 58, the American luxury menswear designer, spends his days within a five-block radius immediately north of Madison Square Park.
When he moved to New York City from Iowa in 1992, Mr. Snyder honed his craft by working for Ralph Lauren, Gap, Old Navy and eventually J. Crew, where he helped update the men’s line and designed the popular Ludlow suit.
In 2011, he launched his own line with modernized American classics, crafted from premium Italian and Japanese fabrics.
“For a lot of men, fashion is a four-letter word,” Mr. Snyder said. “My whole goal has been trying to figure out how to simplify fashion for men.”
He recently spent a Sunday with The New York Times as he and his team assembled styles for a lookbook, “American Form,” set to be released during New York Fashion Week.
New York
18 Days, 20 Lives: New Yorkers Who Didn’t Survive the Cold
Tuesday, Jan. 27
Philip Piuma, 47, left his home on Jan. 26 around 1:30 p.m. to pick up a prescription for his uncle at CVS. The next morning, he was found dead on a bench outside a Key Food supermarket a mile away.
Mr. Piuma’s stepfather, John Sandrowsky, said detectives told him that Mr. Piuma had fallen twice, possibly from the bench outside Key Food, broken his nose and injured his eye socket.
At around 6 p.m. on Jan. 26, Mr. Piuma entered the store and lurched unsteadily in the aisles, said a manager, Luis Polanco, who assumed he was drunk. Mr. Piuma bought two jars of peanut butter, went outside and sat on the bench.
At 9 p.m. when Mr. Polanco was closing up, Mr. Piuma was still there. “I asked, ‘Everything OK?’ He said ‘yes,’” Mr. Polanco said.
Security footage shows that sometime after 10 p.m., Mr. Piuma toppled over, sprawling across the bench. When Mr. Polanco arrived around 6 a.m. to open the store, Mr. Piuma did not stir when he greeted him. He called 911.
Mr. Sandrowsky said detectives told him that someone had given his stepson tissues for his bleeding face at some point. “You offered some help, that’s great,” he said. “But if you’re bleeding out there and it’s that cold, I would question whether or not you’re OK.”
Mr. Piuma, who worked two jobs — as a dispatcher for an alarm company and an ambulette service — was a devoted volunteer at a nearby church, Mr. Sandrowsky said. “He had a good heart,” he said.
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