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Yun said that the department’s current system is unable to track what medical conditions are complicated by a heat related illness. However, emergency room doctors at hospitals in the greater Boston area told the Globe that the number of patients with heat-related complications rose during the heat waves this summer.
“The difference this year is that the heat wave has been earlier in the season,” said Scott Goldberg, director of EMS at Massachusetts General Brigham. “We’re generally not seeing this type of extreme heat for such a long period of time.”
A Globe analysis of EMS calls during the heat waves this summer shows that there were more calls when it was hotter outside. During the recent heat wave on the week of July 15, EMS calls were 6 percent to 21.6 percent above the daily call volume.
This was a consistent trend over the past four years. During a four-day heatwave that began on June 5, 2021, which EMS said was comparable to the one two weeks ago, calls were about 30 percent to 43 percent above the average daily volume.
Center for Disease Control data also shows that emergency room admission for heat related illnesses picked up this summer compared to previous months this year.
According to the CDC Heat and Health tracker, a heat wave is defined as temperatures of 90 degrees and above each day for two days or more.
A threshold for declaring a heat emergency is a consecutive two days or more of 95 degree or higher heat index. The heat index takes into account both the temperature and relative humidity, which is a marker of how hot it feels outside. According to the National Weather Service, the heat index was 94 F at 12:45 p.m. on Thursday, the most current data available.
“When we’re hitting heat indexes above 90-95, it really does become dangerous,” said Yun.
The problem is poised to intensify.
“Heat waves are unquestionably getting worse and will continue getting worse due to emissions,” said Mathew Barlow, a University of Massachusetts Lowell environmental Earth and atmospheric sciences professor.
Barlow says this heat is not a new normal, because we shouldn’t expect it to stay the same; instead, the next several years will be getting hotter.
Doctors are worried because the rising heat affects some of the region’s most vulnerable people such as the elderly and people with chronic medical conditions. Older people, who may have long term medical problems or take medications, need to be extra cautious with the intense heat, they said.
Some populations are at a higher risk of heat illness than others. There are those who are unable to limit their heat exposure such as outdoor workers, military personnel or unhoused people.
The lasting effects of heat are also known to impact those who do not have proper air conditioning, which represents about 5.5 percent of Boston households, according to a Boston Globe analysis of Census data.
Traditionally vulnerable low-income households are more affected by the heat waves because they often live in homes that are not energy-efficient and are expensive to cool. This “energy insecurity” makes it hard to stay comfortable and healthy during extreme heat, according to the US Environmental Protection Agency.
Heat has been rising across the country in the past decades. Major cities have been encountering heat waves more frequently, according to the agency. The average amount of annual heat waves rose from two a year during the 1960s to six a year during the 2010s and 2020s.
As heat waves become more common due to climate change, Massachusetts sits in an uncomfortable position where days will continue to be over 90 F during the summer. The populated urban areas with little tree coverage and open green space makes the region feel hotter.
There are predictions by the Massachusetts Department of Health Bureau of Climate and Environmental Health that by 2050 there will be a 10 to 28 day increase in extreme heat.
“I’m worried that 10 to 15 years from now, we might be looking back in 2024 and say this was actually one of the coolest summers,” said Yun.
Warmer temperatures lead to more hospitalizations for health issues such as heart disease and heat exhaustion. If heat exhaustion isn’t treated, it can turn into heat stroke, which can cause serious illness, brain damage and death.
In severe cases, the heat waves can cause deaths. Even heat-related deaths have been rising in the U.S., with about 1,602 in 2021, 1,722 in 2022, and 2,302 in 2023.
Dr. Tess Wiskel, an emergency physician at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, said the center saw more heat-related illnesses during the July 15 heat wave than in previous ones this summer.
“There’s no question that it’s adding to the burden of care that we need to give in the emergency department,” she said.
Some doctors say they have experience with burnout and feeling stressed but not more than usual due to the ongoing issue of understaffing at ERs.
When temperatures reach high 80s and 90s, the Boston Public Health Commission recommends people to stay in air-conditioned spaces and limit outdoor activities.
“During heat emergencies, cooling centers are available for vulnerable residents. All Boston residents are encouraged to stay hydrated and check in on their neighbors,” said Dr. Bisola Ojikutu, executive director of the Boston Public Health Commission.
Rachel Umansky-Castro can be reached at rachel.umanskycastro@globe.com.
Crime
An MIT professor was shot and killed in Brookline on Monday night.
Brookline police responded a report of a man shot in his home on Gibbs Street, according to the Norfolk County District Attorney’s Office.
Nuno F.G. Loureiro, 47, was transported to a local hospital and was pronounced dead on Tuesday morning, the DA says.
Loureiro was the director of MIT’s Plasma Science and Fusion Center and a professor of nuclear science and engineering and physics. Originally from Portugal, the Portuguese Minister of Foreign Affairs announced his death in a regulatory hearing before the Committee on Foreign Affairs and Portuguese Communities on Tuesday, according to CNN.
“Sadly, I can confirm that Professor Nuno Loureiro, who died early this morning, was a current MIT faculty member in the departments of Nuclear Science & Engineering and Physics, as well as the Director of MIT’s Plasma Science and Fusion Center. Our deepest sympathies are with his family, students, colleagues, and all those who are grieving,” an MIT spokesperson wrote in a statement.
In January, Loureiro was honored as one of nearly 400 scientists and engineers with the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers from former president Joe Biden.
The investigation into the homicide remains ongoing. No further information was released.
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A man was hospitalized after being shot Monday night in Brookline, Massachusetts.
The shooting happened on Gibbs Street. There was a large police presence at the scene.
The victim was brought to Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston. His condition was not known.
Police said the victim was shot three times and grazed by another round.
Authorities did not say if any arrests had been made.
No further information was immediately available.
Boston Police Commissioner Michael Cox reported homicides are up nearly 30% this year, as Mayor Michelle Wu continued to tout Boston as the safest major city in the country at a year-end public safety briefing.
Cox said there have been 31 homicides in the city thus far this year, compared to 24 for all of last year, but said that number still reflects a near record-low for the city — and represents a 16% decrease from the city’s five-year average.
“In comparison to last year’s 67-year low in homicide rates in the city’s history, we have had an increase, although we don’t know what the final number will be,” Cox said Monday at the Boston EMS Training Center in West Roxbury. “This year still represents a 16% decrease from our five-year average, and the lowest number in the last 20 years, but for the 67-year low I made mention to.”
The 29.1% uptick in homicides was reported by the police commissioner at an end-of-year public safety briefing that was a more tempered affair than how 2024 police statistics were reported last December.
At last year’s press conference, Cox boasted that the “city has never been safer,” when joining the mayor in rolling out end-of-year crime statistics that featured a record-low number of homicides and shootings.
The number of murders in 2024 “appears to be the lowest since 1957,” and is “by far” the lowest amount since the Boston Police Department began tracking such data in 2007, when there were 68 homicides, Cox said at the time.
Wu, who was gearing up for a reelection campaign at the time, pointed to the data as evidence that Boston is the “safest major city in the country.” She stuck to that same refrain on Monday, despite the uptick in homicides, and a significant spike in shoplifting that was also highlighted by the police commissioner.
“Being a home for everyone means being there, not just during the good times, but all the time,” Wu said. “It means showing up for families, even when they feel the ground beneath them is falling through and when they’re having the worst days and the worst moments of their lives.”
Referring to the city’s public safety teams, including police, firefighters and EMS personnel, Wu said, “It’s because of the care, the hard work, and the empathy of these teams that Boston is the safest major city in the country.”
Isaac Yablo, Wu’s senior advisor for community safety and director of the Office of Violence Prevention for the Boston Public Health Commission, said the city’s approach to tackling gun violence has shifted from focusing solely on five hot-spot neighborhoods to “a city-wide focus, so that more residents are being met where they’re at and we’re addressing needs more holistically.”
“As we look into the new year, we will continue focusing on secondary and tertiary prevention, but the main goal will be primary prevention — preventing the violence from happening in the first place,” Yablo said.
Cox said the Police Department has “doubled our efforts in community policing,” following last year’s record-low gun violence, which he said has led to “historic lows” for this year’s number of shooting victims and gunfire incidents. Both are down more than 30% compared to the department’s five-year averages, he said.
Shoplifting, however, remains “an issue in our city,” Cox said, which has led to the police department making retail theft an increased priority alongside its efforts to “sustain lower levels of violence” — with the two sometimes overlapping.
He attributed that increased focus, by way of a Safe Shopping Initiative the department has partnered on with the Suffolk District Attorney’s Office, to a 113% increase in arrests for shoplifting this year — driven in part by a “substantial increase in timely, more detailed reporting from the retailers.”
“This increased reporting supports Boston Police Department’s ability to address repeat violent and high-volume offenders with the ultimate goal of keeping shoppers and retailers safe,” Cox said.
The police commissioner also shared statistics that suggest crime is down at the troubled intersection of Massachusetts Avenue and Melnea Cass Boulevard, an area commonly referred to as Mass and Cass and known for being home to the city’s open-air drug market, as well as the downtown.
Police have targeted Mass and Cass and the downtown in recent years, following reports of increased violence and drug activity, Cox said.
Around downtown, violent crime has declined by 24% this year and police have increased patrols there by 31%, compared to last year. Officers have made 48% more arrests in the downtown, including 30% more drug arrests, he said.
The police commissioner said violent crime is down 8% and property crime has decreased by 10% this year in the Mass and Cass area. Arrests at Methadone Mile have increased by 54%, Cox said,
Cox did not elaborate on whether those statistics for Mass and Cass extend to hot-spot areas like the South End, where residents have complained of open-air drug use, dealing and violence that has spilled over into their neighborhoods.
He also highlighted the department’s focus on reckless motorized scooter operations, which have become a nuisance for residents. To date this year police have seized more than 840 electric scooters, including 160 from the downtown area, representing a 22% increase in seizures since last year, Cox said.
The police commissioner said seizures are made for illegal, unregistered scooter operations.
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