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A guide to Boston's Irish Heritage Trail
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Five new stops will be added to the trail this summer.
The Boston Irish Heritage Trail, where visitors can celebrate more than 300 years of Irish history in Boston, is expanding this summer.
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The 2.8-mile trail, created in 1994, is comprised of 20 stops that stretch from the waterfront to Fenway Park and features parks, statues, cemeteries, and more.
“A city like Boston just has layers of history and generations and centuries of change, so in that sense it’s always good to look back at history and see how the city evolved,” said Michael Quinlin, co-founder of the Boston Irish Tourism Association (BITA), which maintains the trail, along with wife and co-founder Colette Quinlin.
Five new sites will be added, two of them dedicated to three Boston women.
“One thing we noticed is that there was a need for us to add more women to the site and that’s one of the things we have been researching,” Quinlin said.
Therefore, the trail will soon include the Kip Tiernan memorial in Back Bay and plaques for Ann Glover and Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy in the North End.
Other newcomers to the trail will be the Edgar Allen Poe statue at the corner of Boylston and Charles streets, G.P.A. Healy‘s painting of Daniel Webster at Faneuil Hall, and Boston’s famous Swan Boats, which open for the season on April 19.
“We were delighted to discover that the boats, which are so iconic, were actually created by an immigrant couple in 1877 named Paget,” Quinlin said.
Quinlin said the five additions are mainly along the path of the existing trail.
The self-guided tour is available year round, but the association will again offer seasonal scheduled tours this fall after a pause during the COVID pandemic, Quinlin said. Tour maps can be found at the visitor information center at Boston Common where the tours begin, he said, as well as in the association’s free Travel & Culture magazine, published three times a year, the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Boston City Hall, and various retail shops around Greater Boston.
As an added bonus, “you get to see a lot of Boston and a lot of the city’s beauty and architectural highlights along the way,” Quinlin said about the trail.
Ahead, Quinlin shares a little bit about each stop on the trail, as well as information about the five new stops.
The Rose Kennedy Garden
The Rose Kennedy Garden is located along the Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy Greenway, a 17-acre public park that welcomes millions of visitors annually. Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy was the daughter of Boston Mayor John F. Fitzgerald and the mother of President John F. Kennedy.
“The Rose Kennedy Garden is a great place to start because, in the Boston Irish lexicon, the Kennedy family is paramount,” said Quinlin. “They made such an impact on the city, on the nation, on the world.”
The Rose Kennedy Garden, in Christopher Columbus Park, was dedicated to Kennedy in 1987.
“She was born just a few steps from where the Rose Kennedy Garden is,” said Quinlin. “It’s such a beautiful place, especially in the spring.”
Kevin White, Boston’s 45th mayor, was one of the city’s “most beloved and influential mayors of the 20th century,” according to the BITA. He served as mayor from 1968-1984.
“One of his great accomplishments as mayor was to bring back downtown Boston and, specifically, the Faneuil Hall area,” said Quinlin. “He was credited as sort of a visionary of urban renewal.”
The statue, located outside of Faneuil Hall, was unveiled and dedicated to the Irish politician in 2006.
James Curley statues
James Michael Curley served in elected office in Massachusetts for nearly half a century, from 1900-1949.
“He was the mayor four times, he was the governor, and he was a congressman. And he also did a portion of time in jail while he was in office,” Quinlin said. “He was quite the character, a larger-than-life character, and he dominated city politics and Irish politics for half a century.”
The twin statues were unveiled along Congress Street in 1980.
Boston City Hall
The 20th century was dominated by Irish American politicians, Quinlin said.
“Between 1930 and 1994, continuously, there was an Irish American mayor in office,” he said. “It was an incredible 64 year run.”
Visitors will find a mural of Mayor John F. Collins, the city’s mayor from 1960-1968, on the side of the building.
Boston Irish Famine Memorial
The Boston Irish Famine Memorial, at the corner of Washington and School streets, was erected to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the Irish potato famine, which brought many Irish refugees to Boston between 1845 and 1849.
“It killed a million people and sent another 2 million people fleeing Ireland,” said Quinlin about the famine. “A lot of them ended up in Boston and that’s one of the reasons why Boston became known as an Irish city.”
The memorial, which includes twin sculptures and information about the history of the famine, was unveiled in 1998.
Granary Burying Ground
Among the most notable Irish residents buried in the Granary Burying Ground are John Hancock, Governor James Sullivan, and Boston Massacre victim Patrick Carr.
“It gives the perspective of the way Irish immigrants were having a role way back in the 18th century and during the colonial and revolutionary war period,” Quinlin said.
Robert Gould Shaw Memorial
The Shaw Memorial, located near the State House, depicts the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, a regiment of African-American soldiers that fought in the Civil War and the colonel who led them. The sculptor, Augustus Saint-Gaudens, was born in Dublin, Ireland in 1848.
The Saint-Gaudens family fled the Irish famine when Augustus was a baby and he became one of America’s prominent American sculptors during that time period, Quinlin said.
“This was one of Augustus’ most prized sculptures because it was so important and rich and it gave a glimpse into civil war during that period of time,” Quinlin said.
Massachusetts State House
Many items of Irish significance can be found in and around the Massachusetts State House.
Among the items of note are an Irish flag in the Hall of Flags, said Quinlin, as well a plaque for Jeremiah O’Brien, who captured a British ship in the first naval battle of the Revolutionary War; a plaque for labor union leader Mary Kenney O’Sullivan; and an 8-foot statue of President John F. Kennedy on the lawn. The latter was unveiled in 1990 by the Kennedy family.
Soldiers and Sailors Monument
Unveiled on the Boston Common in 1877, this monument was erected in memory of foot soldiers and sailors who were killed during the Civil War.
The monument was created by Irish-born sculptors and brothers Martin, James, and Joseph Milmore. They came to Boston as boys, fleeing the famine, and became notable sculptors, Quinlin said.
“It’s one of their best pieces of work. It’s a beautiful depiction of the sacrifices that Bostonians made during that war,” he said.
Boston Massacre Memorial
This monument was created in remembrance of the five victims of the Boston Massacre, one of which was Patrick Carr, was an Irish-American. Initially, some Bostonians were against the idea of a memorial for the victims, Quinlin said.
A coalition comprised of Black and Irish Bostonians insisted that the memorial go up, said Quinlin, while the Brahmin establishment considered the victims “rabblerousers and not worthy of a memorial.”
“Obviously, the Irish and the Black prevailed,” he said. “In the massacre, the first man shot was a Black man named Crispus Attucks and the last man shot was the Irish immigrant Patrick Carr. It is an interesting look at Boston’s racial history, in a sense.”
Commodore John Barry plaque
Born in Ireland in 1745, Commodore John Barry “was probably the most prominent naval hero of the American Revolution along with John Paul Jones, who was from Wales,” Quinlin said.
“He captured a lot of British ships, and he was made the first secretary of the American navy by George Washington,” he said.
The plaque along Tremont Street on the Boston Common, unveiled in 1949, was Mayor Curley’s last public act, he said.
Central Burying Ground
The Central Burying Ground, on Boylston Street near Tremont Street, was created in 1756 to alleviate overcrowding of the other cemeteries in the area at the time.
American patriots from the Boston Tea Party and the Battle of Bunker Hill, British soldiers who died during the Revolutionary War, and Irish and other immigrants who died in colonial Boston are all buried there.
“It’s one of the few historic burying grounds in Boston where you can see Celtic crosses,” Quinlin said.
Colonel Thomas Cass Statue
Thomas Cass was an Irish-born businessman who was put in charge of forming the Ninth Irish Regiment during the Civil War.
“He was heroic. He led a group of men, he was shot in battle in 1862, brought back to Boston and he died of his wound. I believe he was the first individual Irish immigrant who got a statue in the city of Boston,” Quinlin said.
The original memorial of Cass was unveiled in 1889 but Bostonians didn’t like the statue so the current statue in the Public Garden was unveiled in 1899, Quinlin said.
David I. Walsh Statue
The statue of David I. Walsh, unveiled in 1954, is near the Hatch Shell on the Esplanade.
Walsh was the first Irish Catholic governor of Massachusetts, who served from 1914-16, and the first Catholic senator from Massachusetts between 1926 to 1946, Quinlin noted.
“It obviously gets a lot of traffic because so many people go down to the Hatch Shell and love to walk the Esplanade,” he said about the scenic spot.
Maurice Tobin Statue
Maurice Tobin is yet another Irish-American politician in Boston’s history.
Tobin was born in Roxbury to an Irish immigrant family, Quinlin said, and went on to become the youngest state representative at age 25, mayor, and the first Massachusetts secretary of labor from 1948 to 1953.
“So he had a very illustrious political career as mayor, as governor, and as secretary of labor,” Quinlin said.
Patrick Collins Memorial
Patrick Collins, another Irish immigrant success story, came to Boston after fleeing the famine in 1848 and became mayor in 1902, Quinlin said.
He was the first Catholic congressman from Massachusetts, became mayor in 1902, and also served as the U.S. ambassador to London. The memorial on the Commonwealth Avenue Mall was unveiled in 1908.
“He had a very distinguished political, public service career,” he said.
John Singleton Copley Statue
American portrait artist John Singleton Copley was the son of Irish parents who emigrated to Boston in the 1730s.
“He became one of the preeminent artists of the 18th century and just did a lot of paintings, of George Washington, John Hancock, Same Adams, Paul Revere,” Quinlin said. “A lot of his work is in the MFA and other places around the world.”
His statue is in Copley Square, which is also named after the colonial artist.
Boston Public Library
The Boston Public Library, established in 1848, has more than 13,000 Irish items.
“It has grown into one of the main repositories in the country for valuable Irish collection,” Quinlin said.
Guests will find material on the Irish Free State and the Abby Theater, Irish sheet music, rare Civil War images taken by photographer Matthew Brady, a bust of Hugh O’Brien, Boston’s first Irish mayor, a bust of writer Edger Allan Poe, and twin lion statues in the foyer created by Louis Saint-Gaudens.
John Boyle O’Reilly Memorial
Before he arrived in Boston in 1870, John Boyle O’Reilly was arrested and imprisoned for his crimes against Britain as part of the Irish Republican Brotherhood.
“He’s known sort of as the great reconciler between the Boston Irish immigrants and the Yankee establishment,” Quinlin said. “He was the guy who kind of figured out how to connect the two groups to make them talk to each other and appreciate each other. He was a poet, he was an orator, he was the publisher of The Boston Pilot.”
The bronze statue of O’Reilly on Boylston Street was dedicated in 1896.
Fenway Park
Fenway Park, one of Boston’s most famous landmarks and home of the Boston Red Sox, was built in 1912 by Irish immigrant Charles E. Logue.
Logue was building a lot of churches and schools and municipal buildings before he was asked to build Fenway Park, Quinlin said.
“He literally did it in less than a year,” he said. “And it has stood the test of time.”
More about the five new stops being added this summer
The Kip Tiernan Memorial on Dartmouth Street near the Boston Public Library, honors “a beloved homeless and hunger advocate in the city of Boston for many many years, almost half a century,” Quinlin said.
In the North End, trail goers will learn more about two more women at the plaques for Rose Kennedy and Ann Glover.
“Rose has various landmarks and plaques and memorials throughout Boston and for good reason. She was the matriarch of a great political family. She has a really nice plaque on the side of St. Stephen’s Church in the North End because she was very religious and attended mass there.”
Below Kennedy’s plaque is a plaque dedicated to Ann Glover.
“She was an Irish immigrant who was hanged as a witch in Boston in 1688,” he said, noting that she spoke Gaelic in the courtroom. “It is an important part of the city’s history and also the Boston Irish history because it speaks a little to how immigrants were treated when they first arrived in Boston.”
The Swan Boats in the Public Garden were built by Irish immigrants and “interestingly, almost 150 years later, it’s still iconic,” said Quinlin.
The statue of Edgar Allan Poe, the famous 19th century writer, outside the city’s transportation building.
“Poe was born in Boston not far from where the statue is and his father’s family came from the north of Ireland,” Quinlin said.
Finally, about Irish artist G.P.A. Healy’s painting of Daniel Webster at Faneuil Hall, Quinlin said, “Webster’s painting is so iconic and, again, it speaks to some of the beauty of what a lot of immigrants — in this case Irish immigrants and their offspring — created in Boston.”
SALT LAKE CITY — Up until the past month or so, Clayton Young wasn’t sure if he’d make it to the starting line of the 130th Boston Marathon.
By Monday afternoon, he was walking away from the course with a stunning new personal best.
Young finished the 26.2-mile point-to-point course in a personal-record time of 2 hours, 5 minutes and 41 seconds Monday, good for 11th place in an all-time year. Zouhair Talbi ran the fastest time ever by an American, finishing fifth overall in 2:03:45 and Jess McClain broken the American women’s record in 2:20:49.
In all, seven American men and 12 American women finished in the top 20 of the prestigious marathon — including Young, whose streak of six consecutive top-10 finishes dating back to 2023 (including the Paris Olympics) ended, albeit barely.
But donning the No. 24 bib and a brand-new kit for new sponsor Brooks, the former BYU national champion who prepped at American Fork High jumped into the lead pack from the start and never looked back as he broke his previous lifetime best set from the 2023 Chicago marathon and the Olympic trials nearly a year later by close to 3 seconds.
“With only nine weeks of training. … I was really happy to be a 2:05 guy,” Young told FloTrack after the race. “Obviously, falling outside the top 10 is a little disappointing, but I’m really happy with the time.”
The final finish was only the faintest disappointment in the incredibly fast field.
Young’s finish as the third fastest American on Monday marks the fifth-fastest time by an American man all-time in Boston. Charles Hicks finished 50 seconds behind Talbi in 2:04:35, with Young coming in just over a minute later to cheers of friends and family.
His former BYU teammate, Canadian international Rory Linkletter, finished 14th with a personal-best time of 2:06:04. Former BYU runner Michael Ottesen finished 52nd in 2:16:06, and Utah resident Todd Garner finished his 11th running of the Boston Marathon all-time in 3:14:35.
“I think we’re in an era in distance running, on the men and women’s sides, but especially the women’s side, where we’re all making each other so much better every time we line up with one another,” McClain told the Associated Press. “And I think it’s just going to get stronger and stronger.”
Former Utah Valley and BYU runner Kodi Kleven finished 14th in the women’s race with a personal-best time of 2:24:48. The three-time St. George marathon course record holder from Mount Pleasant led for large portions of the race en route to her qualifying time for the 2026 U.S. Olympic marathon trials.
Former BYU standout and Utah State coach Madey Dickson, who also runs trains locally with Run Elite Program, beat her previous personal record in 2:28:12 — good for 18th in the women’s race.
The Key Takeaways for this article were generated with the assistance of large language models and reviewed by our editorial team. The article, itself, is solely human-written.
For an industrial robot built for the rigors of factories and power plants, tidying up a living room may seem like a light day at the office for Spot. Yet, a recent video of the robot picking up shoes and soda cans in a residential home represents the promise of AI models in robotics. In this case, Google’s visual-language model (VLM) Gemini Robotics-ER 1.5 was empowering Spot with embodied reasoning.
This particular demo grew out of a 2025 hackathon at Boston Dynamics that built on prior projects using Large Language Models (LLMs) and Visual Foundation Models (VFMs) to enable Spot to contextualize its environment and engage in more complex autonomous actions than a typical Autowalk mission. Rather than write formal software logic or a “state machine” program that defines each step of a given task, we interacted with Gemini Robotics using conversational language. In turn, it communicated with Spot on our behalf.
A Robust SDK and Natural Language Prompts Save Time
Using Spot’s SDK, we developed a layer that facilitated interaction between Gemini Robotics and Spot’s application programming interface (API). The API normally gives developers access to the robot’s capabilities to create custom applications or behaviors. For example, researchers at Meta have used Spot to test how an AI system could locate and retrieve objects it had never seen before.
Our ability to engage Gemini Robotics using natural language prompts was a huge timesaver, compared to traditional programming. We told Gemini Robotics it had access to a mobile robot equipped with cameras and a robotic arm. It also had a finite set of tools it could use to control the robot. A tool is a lightweight script that performs some internal logic and translates inputs from Gemini Robotics to actual API calls. We limited the actions to navigating between locations, capturing images, identifying objects, grasping them, and placing them somewhere else.
The extent of our SDK means there are great examples one could leverage to add more access to the API with minimal development.
Giving Gemini Robotics a Baseline
To start we needed to explain to Gemini Robotics what we wanted it to do. We did experience a learning curve when writing these baseline prompts. Simple instructions like “put down an object” or “take a picture” weren’t detailed enough to produce expected behavior. We had to add context in our descriptions as we refined each tool.
A good example is the detailed prompt for the “TakePicture” tool:
This command will cause the robot to take a picture with the specified camera. There is some nuance to choosing the correct camera. Once arriving at a location using GoTo, you should always start by taking a picture with the gripper camera, because it's the most informative.
If the robot has arrived at location and is already holding an object, you can do one of two things:
1. Immediately call PutDown
2. Search the area with either of the front cameras. The front cameras are low to the ground, so if you're trying to put things on an elevated surface, they won't give you useful information.In this example, we gave Gemini Robotics no detailed description of the robot’s chassis or arm. Instead, we simply explained that Spot’s front cameras would be too low to photograph objects on elevated surfaces. We were able to iterate rapidly, as small changes in wording produced noticeably better results. Once it had this set of basic tools through the API, Gemini Robotics could sequence Spot’s actions and follow the handwritten instructions on a whiteboard on the day of the demonstration.
How Gemini Robotics and Spot Collaborate
Until the robot powers on, Gemini Robotics has no context for what specific tasks we might ask it to perform in a given demo. We only provided simple written instructions, such as, “Make sure all of the shoes at the front door are on the shoe rack.” Gemini Robotics evaluated images from Spot’s cameras and identified objects in the scene that matched the instructions. These objects became the reference points for Spot’s navigational and manipulation systems.
In many respects, Gemini Robotics was identical to an operator manually driving Spot using its tablet controller. For example, to pick up an object with Spot, an operator positions the robot near the object and then uses a grasp wizard to identify the target object. The operator provides high-level direction and Spot figures out the exact details. In this demonstration, Gemini Robotics functioned as both the operator and the tablet sending commands to the robot. This freed us up to act more like a team lead, providing a high-level to-do list and trusting Spot and Gemini Robotics do the rest.
Call and Response
When Gemini Robotics engages a given tool, the tool responds with results and context, such as, “I picked up the object,” or “I can’t pick up something while my hand is full.” Gemini Robotics then makes adjustments on the fly based on this feedback from Spot. For example, to pick up shoes, Gemini Robotics requests an image, identifies the shoes in that image, and calls the “pickup” command. By creating fundamental tools that semantically flow in conversation, Gemini Robotics can manage the sequence of tasks required to clean up the room. Spot’s existing software stack manages the locomotion, navigation, and manipulation of the robot itself.
It’s important to note Gemini Robotics has strict boundaries in this scenario. It can’t invent new capabilities or control Spot beyond what is available through the API. This keeps Spot’s behavior predictable, while still allowing Gemini Robotics to adapt to different situations.
A Force Multiplier for Developers
For developers already working with Spot, this research has tremendous potential. Through Spot’s SDK, they have access to a robust toolkit of capabilities. Companies use these tools today to build applications for inspection, research, and industrial data analysis, among others.
An AI model like Gemini Robotics offers a way to expand those applications more rapidly. Rather than write extensive task logic on top of Spot’s APIs, developers can experiment with having AI systems interpret natural language instructions and dynamically choose to engage the robot. As a result, models like Gemini Robotics can act as force multipliers, amplifying the reliable toolkit and robust performance that is already delivering value for Boston Dynamics customers.
Our Next-Token Prediction for Spot and Gemini Robotics
Although this is still an experimental step and not a hardened application, it illustrates a compelling direction for robotics and physical AI. Robots like Spot are already extremely capable of navigating complex and changeable environments, collecting data and sensor readings, and manipulating objects. Rather than reinventing the wheel, AI foundation models offer a new way to expand these capabilities in new settings and to new applications.
Physical AI is a rapidly evolving field and our team is leading the way in the lab and in real applications of AI empowered robots. While we are early in our formal partnership with Google Deepmind, we’re excited for what the future holds with Atlas and we’ve already rolled out practical enhancements for Spot and Orbit, with AIVI-Learning powered by Google Gemini Robotics ER 1.6. This next evolution of our AI Visual Inspection tool unlocks a new level of visual intelligence, as users benefit from shared expertise bringing a deeper level of contextual intelligence to Spot and Orbit. Model improvements automatically happen behind the scenes, adding more capabilities to the same software and hardware.
Today, this demo points to a future where users can rely more on natural language to guide Spot’s actions, rather than complex code. The engineer’s role shifts toward setting goals and objectives. The multi-modal robot foundation model interprets the instructions to form complex and adaptive plans and Spot executes the action.
This article was contributed by Issac Ross and Nikhil Devraj, engineers on the Spot team.
Boston, MA
A crowd scientist is helping the Boston Marathon manage a growing field of 30,000-plus runners
BOSTON (AP) — Running the Boston Marathon is tough enough without having to jostle your way from Hopkinton to Copley Square.
So race organizers this year turned to an expert in crowd science to help them manage the field of more than 32,000 as it travels the 26.2 miles (42.195 kilometers) through eight Massachusetts cities and towns — some of it on narrow streets laid out during Colonial times.
“There are certain things that we can’t change — that we don’t want to change — because they make the Boston Marathon,” said Marcel Altenburg, a senior lecturer of crowd science at Manchester Metropolitan University in Britain. “Like, I’m a scientist, but I can’t be too science-y about the race. It should stay what it is because that’s what I love. That’s what the runners love.”
The world’s oldest and most prestigious annual marathon, the Boston race was inspired by the endurance test that made its debut at the inaugural modern Olympics in 1896 — itself a tribute to the route covered by the messenger Pheidippides, who ran to Athens with news of the Greek victory over the Persians in Marathon.
After sharing the news — “Rejoice, we conquer!” — Pheidippides dropped dead.
Organizers of the Boston race would prefer a more pleasant experience for their runners, even as the field has ballooned from 15 in 1897 to as many as 38,000 to meet demand for the 100th edition in 1996. It has settled at around 30,000 since 2015.
As the race grew, it tested the limits of the narrow New England roads and the host cities and towns, which are eager to reopen their streets for regular commutes and commerce as quickly as possible.
“It would be kind of great someday to be able to grow the race a little bit more,” race director Dave McGillivray said. “The problem with this race is that it’s about two things: time and space. We don’t have either. … So, we’re trying to be innovative.”
That’s where Altenburg comes in.
A former German army captain who runs ultra marathons himself, Altenburg has worked with all of the major races, other large sporting events, and airports and exhibitions that tend to attract large crowds on ways to keep things safe and flowing smoothly.
For the Boston Marathon, which draws hundreds of thousands of spectators in addition to the runners, his models allow him to run simulations that help him see how the race might play out under different conditions.
“We have simulated the Boston Marathon more than 100 times to run it once for real. That is the one that counts,” Altenburg said in a telephone interview. “They gave me, pretty much, all creative freedom to simulate more waves, simulate more runners and — within the existing time window — they allowed me to change pretty much anything for the betterment of the running experience.
“And then we checked every aid station, every mile, the finish, every important point, (asking): Is the result better for the runner? Is that something that we should explore further?”
The most noticeable difference on Monday will be that the runners are starting in six waves — groups organized by qualifying time — instead of three. The waves, which were first used in Boston in 2011, help spread things out so that runners don’t have to walk after the start, when Main Street in Hopkinton squeezes to just 39 feet wide.
Other, less obvious changes involve the unloading of the buses at the start, the placement of the water and aid stations, and the finish line chutes, where runners get their medals, perhaps a mylar blanket or a banana, and any medical treatment they might need.
“For an event that’s as old as ours, 130 years, it allowed us to be a startup all over again,” said Lauren Proshan, the chief of race operations and production for the Boston Athletic Association.
“The change isn’t meant to be earth-shattering. It’s to be a smooth experience from start to finish,” she said. “It’s one of those things that you work really, really hard behind the scenes and hope that no one notices — a behind-the-curtain change that makes you feel as if you’re just floating and having a great day.”
Shorter porta potty lines would also be nice.
“What I loved about working with the BAA was how aware they are of what the Boston Marathon is. And they won’t change anything lightly,” Altenburg said. “So it was very detailed work from literally the moment the race last year ended to now. That we check every single option. That we really make sure that if we change something about this historic race, then we know what we’re doing.”
The BAA will look at the feedback over the next three years before deciding about expansion or other changes.
“Fingers crossed, hope for the best, but we’ll get feedback from the participants,” McGillivray said. “And they’ll let us know whether or not it worked or not.”
But keeping the course open longer isn’t an option. And the route isn’t going to change. So there’s only so much that crowd science can help with at one of the toughest tests in sports.
“I can talk. I’m a scientist. I just press a button and it’s going to be,” Altenburg said. “But the runners still have to do it.”
___
AP sports: https://apnews.com/hub/sports
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