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UK urged to ban leaded aviation fuel for small planes

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UK urged to ban leaded aviation fuel for small planes

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Sir Keir Starmer’s government has been urged to follow the US and EU in banning aviation fuel containing lead that is used by small planes across the UK.

MPs and researchers told the Financial Times that ministers should act to phase out production and use of tetraethyl lead (TEL), a compound in aviation gasoline that powers thousands of light, piston-engine aircraft.

Leaded petrol was banned in 1999 because of its effect on human health by the then Labour government, but TEL continues to be made in Britain.

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Lead is a toxic metal that impairs the mental development of children and has a devastating impact on almost every organ in the human body. Any level of exposure is capable of having a harmful effect, according to the World Health Organization.

The UK is the only country in the world where TEL is still made. Most advanced economies had banned production of the compound by the early 2000s.

The EU has pledged to ban imports of TEL as of May 1 2025, while in the US the Eliminate Aviation Gasoline Lead Emissions initiative, a public-private partnership between the government, the oil industry and the aviation sector, has a target of 2030 for the complete phaseout of leaded Avgas.

A study by researchers at the University of Kent in 2022 found most piston engine aircraft in the UK used leaded aviation fuel and that there were “370,632 residences within 4km of a general aviation airport at risk from exposure to lead emissions”.

Leaded aviation fuel (AVGAS100LL) contains 0.56 grammes of tetraethyl lead per litre, which is expelled from the engine during an aircraft’s flight.

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Ashley Mills, a public health data scientist who led the University of Kent study, said planes using this fuel distributed the toxic metal into the air and soil around airports and called for the UK to phase out leaded Avgas by 2030.

“The lack of adoption [of lead-free fuel] is due to unavailability and pilot perceptions around suitability,” Mills said, citing GAMI’s G100UL, a high-octane lead-free fuel certified by the Federal Aviation Administration, the US aviation regulator. “The main barrier here is political will.”

Lee Crawfurd, research fellow at the Centre for Global Development, a think-tank in Washington DC, said it was “shocking . . . that it’s OK for people to pump out neurotoxins into the air above children’s homes and schools for the sake of a hobby”.

“Banning leaded aviation fuel would be really easy. There can’t be very many better value things we could do for public health, education, and productivity.”

A recommendation to ban the use of TEL in aviation fuels would be made by the UK Health and Safety Executive, the watchdog for work-related safety, under its Reach (registration, evaluation, authorisation and restriction of chemicals) regulation. 

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Reach reassessed aviation fluids this year and decided not to recommend curbing the use of TEL. HSE officials said ultimately it was for a minister to make a decision on regulatory action.

They added that strict airworthiness requirements for these aircraft meant alternative fuels would need to undergo extensive testing in order to demonstrate they would be suitable and not lead to catastrophic engine failures.

Siân Berry, Green MP for Brighton Pavilion and a long-term clean air campaigner, said the continued use of lead based fuels was “really worrying as the impact . . . will be concentrated in certain areas”.

“We need to look at all aspects of cleaning up hazards in our air . . . [and] we need to make sure we are not behind the rest of the world in phasing this out,” she added.

Wera Hobhouse, Liberal Democrat MP and the party’s transport spokesperson, said: “Ministers should be looking to legislate to bring an end to the use of leaded fuel on small aircraft. Both the EU and America have already taken these steps and the UK should follow that to minimise any risk it could have to the health of our nation.”

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Mills at Kent university said that, from April 2025, the government “should differentiate fuel duty on leaded and unleaded Avgas to incentivise unleaded-capable pilots to switch”. 

Duty on Avgas — which has stood at 38p per litre since January 2021 — should rise every year until 2030, when it should be illegal to sell the leaded fuel in the UK, he added. The Treasury was contacted for comment.

Johann Beckford, senior policy adviser at the Green Alliance, a think-tank, said it was “important to remain in line with the EU and US in terms of the regulations we follow”.

“The time has come for a ban on lead in aviation fuel to support children’s health,” he added. “In the longer term, government needs to support the development of zero emission flight alternatives to cut emissions.”

The Department for Transport said it was “committed to making flying cleaner” and that there were “not enough widely available alternatives to leaded fuels which can be used by all general aviation aircraft”. 

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“We are working closely with the industry and the UK Health and Safety Executive to move towards lead-free alternatives as quickly as possible,” it added.

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Amazon accused of listing products from independent shops without permission

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Amazon accused of listing products from independent shops without permission

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Amazon has been accused of listing products from independent retailers without their consent, even as the ecommerce giant sues start-up Perplexity over its AI software shopping without permission.

The $2.5tn online retailer has listed some independent shops’ full inventory on its platform without seeking permission, four business owners told the Financial Times, enabling customers to shop through Amazon rather than buy directly.

Two independent retailers told the FT that they had also received orders for products that were either out of stock or were mispriced and mislabelled by Amazon leading to customer complaints.

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“Nobody opted into this,” said Angie Chua, owner of Bobo Design Studio, a stationery store based in Los Angeles.

Tech companies are experimenting with artificial intelligence “agents” that can perform tasks like shopping autonomously based on user instructions.

Amazon has blocked agents from Anthropic, Google, OpenAI and a host of other AI start-ups from its website.

It filed a lawsuit in November against Perplexity, whose Comet browser was making purchases on Amazon on behalf of users, alleging that the company’s actions risked undermining user privacy and violated its terms of service.

In its complaint, Amazon said Perplexity had taken steps “without prior notice to Amazon and without authorisation” and that it degraded a customer shopping experience it had invested in over several decades.

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Perplexity in a statement at the time said that the lawsuit was a “bully tactic” aimed at scaring “disruptive companies like Perplexity” from improving customers’ experience.

The recent complaints against Amazon relate to its “Buy for Me” function, launched last April, which lets some customers purchase items that are not listed with Amazon but on other retailers’ sites.

Retailers said Amazon did not seek their permission before sending them orders that were placed on the ecommerce site. They do not receive the user’s email address or other information that might be helpful for generating future sales, several sellers told the FT.

“We consciously avoid Amazon because our business is rooted in community and building a relationship with customers,” Chua said. “I don’t know who these customers are.”

Several of the independent retailers said Amazon’s move had led to poor experiences for customers, or hurt their business.

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Sarah Hitchcock Burzio, the owner of Hitchcock Paper Co. in Virginia, said that Amazon had mislabelled items leading to a surge in orders as customers believed they were receiving more expensive versions of a product at a much lower price.

“There were no guardrails set up so when there were issues there was nobody I could go to,” she said.

Product returns and complaints for the “Buy for Me” function are handled by sellers rather than Amazon, even when errors are produced by the Seattle-based group.

Amazon enables sellers to opt out of the service by contacting the company on a specific email address.

Amazon said: “Shop Direct and Buy for Me are programmes we’re testing that help customers discover brands and products not currently sold in Amazon’s store, while helping businesses reach new customers and drive incremental sales.

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“We have received positive feedback on these programmes. Businesses can opt out at any time.”

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Trump says Venezuela will turn over 30 million to 50 million barrels of oil to US | CNN Business

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Trump says Venezuela will turn over 30 million to 50 million barrels of oil to US | CNN Business

President Donald Trump said Tuesday night that Venezuela will turn over 30 million to 50 million barrels of oil to the United States, to be sold at market value and with the proceeds controlled by the US.

Interim authorities in Venezuela will turn over “sanctioned oil” Trump said on Truth Social.

The US will use the proceeds “to benefit the people of Venezuela and the United States!” he wrote.

Energy Secretary Chris Wright has been directed to “execute this plan, immediately,” and the barrels “will be taken by storage ships, and brought directly to unloading docks in the United States.”

CNN has reached out to the White House for more information.

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A senior administration official, speaking under condition of anonymity, told CNN that the oil has already been produced and put in barrels. The majority of it is currently on boats and will now go to US facilities in the Gulf to be refined.

Although 30 to 50 million barrels of oil sounds like a lot, the United States consumed just over 20 million barrels of oil per day over the past month.

That amount may lower oil prices a bit, but it probably won’t lower Americans’ gas prices that much: Former President Joe Biden released about four to six times as much — 180 million barrels of oil — from the US Strategic Petroleum Reserve in 2022, which lowered gas prices by only between 13 cents and 31 cents a gallon over the course of four months, according to a Treasury Department analysis.

US oil fell about $1 a barrel, or just under 2%, to $56, immediately after Trump made his announcement on Truth Social.

Selling up to 50 million barrels could raise quite a bit of revenue: Venezuelan oil is currently trading at $55 per barrel, so if the United States can find buyers willing to pay market price, it could raise between $1.65 billion and $2.75 billion from the sale.

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Venezuela has built up significant stockpiles of crude over since the United States began its oil embargo late last year. But handing over that much oil to the United States may deplete Venezuela’s own oil reserves.

The oil is almost certainly coming from both its onshore storage and some of the seized tankers that were transporting oil: The country has about 48 million barrels of storage capacity and was nearly full, according to Phil Flynn, senior market analyst at the Price Futures Group. The tankers were transporting about 15 million to 22 million barrels of oil, according to industry estimates.

It’s unclear over what time period Venezuela will hand over the oil to the United States.

The senior administration official said the transfer would happen quickly because Venezuela’s crude is very heavy, which means it can’t be stored for long.

But crude does not go bad if it is not refined in a certain amount of time, said Andrew Lipow, the president of Lipow Oil Associates, in a note. “It has sat underground for hundreds of millions of years. In fact, much of the oil in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve has been around for decades,” he wrote.

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Video: Nvidia Shows Off New A.I. Chip at CES

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Video: Nvidia Shows Off New A.I. Chip at CES

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Nvidia Shows Off New A.I. Chip at CES

At the annual tech conference, CES, Nvidia showed off a new A.I. chip, known as Vera Rubin, which is more efficient and powerful than previous generations of chips.

This is the Vera CPU. This is one CPU. This is groundbreaking work. I would not be surprised if the industry would like us to make this format and this structure an industry standard in the future. Today, we’re announcing Alpamayo, the world’s first thinking, reasoning autonomous vehicle A.I.

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At the annual tech conference, CES, Nvidia showed off a new A.I. chip, known as Vera Rubin, which is more efficient and powerful than previous generations of chips.

By Jiawei Wang

January 6, 2026

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