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With North Dakota schools facing 'an impending cliff,' lawmakers consider ways to help fund rebuilding

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With North Dakota schools facing 'an impending cliff,' lawmakers consider ways to help fund rebuilding


GRAND FORKS — North Dakota’s K-12 schools are getting old. Some state lawmakers say many buildings need major infrastructure updates or entirely new construction to educate children safely.

But many small districts can’t afford to pay for replacements if a critical system breaks. Just ask Anna Sell, superintendent of Oakes Public School District. Her district’s high school turned 100 last year and the elementary school was built 63 years ago. The district is home to nearly 500 students.

“We actually had a terminal breakdown of our chiller (last year). We spent months and months trying to figure out a way to replace it but the system is so old, about 50 years old, that to retrofit it would cost around $400,000-$500,000. We don’t have that kind of money,” she said. “We’ve been asked, ‘What’s plan B?’ We don’t have a plan B because we don’t have enough money for a plan B.”

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Anna Sell, superintendent of Oakes Public School District

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Oakes Public School District is preparing for a $14.84 million bond referendum on March 14 to support essential investments to address critical building and infrastructure needs. Those needs include a new chiller, a similarly aged boiler that needs replacing, and the replacement of 100-year-old sewer pipes running under some buildings, among other items.

“Our referendum is for four things — HVAC and windows, kitchen, plumbing and ADA-compliant bathrooms at the high school,” Sell said.

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ACunit.jpg

The 50-year-old chiller unit at Oakes Public School District failed last year and is estimated to cost $400,000-$500,000 to retrofit.

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If a group of North Dakota lawmakers have their say, the state soon will create a funding mechanism that they believe will stave off a looming problem in the state’s education system.

A proposed state-backed construction assistance plan would have defined criteria for assessing two points — the need for a new school versus refurbishment and addition, along with determining how a school district would qualify.

An initial proposal presented by the North Dakota Education Committee’s school funding task force includes a sliding scale based upon a district’s number of students, the value of a mill in the district and its access to federal funding. The scale for funding ranges from 5-95% of the total project cost and all districts must have money in the process. Funding of less than 25% requires the use of state-approved plans, bulk purchasing and construction management. The proposal would preserve local control for finishes and some exterior design, limited to preserve cost savings.

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Labor costs could be controlled by awarding school construction to firms willing to manage these costs, but there is a reality of increased labor costs based upon a district’s location. The assessment criteria for additions and/or refurbishments versus new construction would be set at 60% of the cost of new construction. A triage building schedule would be used based upon the needs either due to enrollment increases or engineering reports demonstrating unsafe conditions that preclude continued use of the building.

The task force is awaiting survey details from 100 districts on their physical plant needs to help frame the process and the scale of the program.

The need, according to some lawmakers, is great.

“I think we have an impending cliff happening in North Dakota that will impact more rural schools — inadequate buildings that should no longer be used to educate children and the inability to replace them,” said Rep. Eric Murphy, a Republican from Grand Forks.

While it’s a statewide problem, Oakes’ issues may provide the best current example. For instance, the HVAC system and new windows are predicted to run close to $12 million, and replacing 65-year-old appliances and updating the district’s kitchen will cost about $2 million, Sell said. The district’s operating budget doesn’t come close to being able to fund these projects.

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The district’s building fund can generate up to 20 mills, an amount approved by voters in the 1990s. That fund generates $440,000 typically for the district, and even with diligent saving there’s no possible way the district can afford to make those fixes, Sell said.

1982 boiler.jpg

The boiler at Oakes Public School District is decades old and in need of replacement.

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“If we don’t have our HVAC and we lose our boiler, or we lose any other part of that system, we won’t be able to hold school at the high school,” she said. “The kitchen is 65 years old and the structure underneath, the electrical, is in bad shape. We’re getting by; we’re keeping our fingers crossed.”

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The worst-case scenario for Oakes? Losing the ability to use the kitchen and having to send all the students to surrounding districts.

“What public school district would be able to absorb those 500 kids?” Sell asked. “This is so detrimental to the town if we lose our school. We know what happens to the towns in North Dakota if they lose their schools. They cease to exist.”

School Funding Task Force

Across the state, school districts are helping lawmakers come up with a funding proposal for legislative action during the 2025 session. The intent is to allow state-funded construction to supplement local resources for public schools in North Dakota. Examples of current school district funding assistance needs include:

  • In Valley City, an estimated

    $37 million is needed

    to fix electrical, plumbing, safety issues and more across the district. The average age of the district’s buildings is 66 years and part of the high school was built 105 years ago. 

  • In Devils Lake, new boilers are needed at two schools in the district and air conditioning is needed at four schools. Other needs include additional classrooms at an elementary school, parking lot paving at two schools and ADA-compliance updates within the district. 

Addressing aging infrastructure is just one need that districts have. Another is finding room to teach the increasing populations in growing metro areas.

Williston Basin School District has a $35 million bond referendum that will be put to voters April 17 to address its growing enrollment. Williston expects to add 1,000 more students over the next five years. The bonds will provide funds to “help construct and equip a new elementary school, purchase land for the construction of the school, and otherwise improve, renovate, remodel, construct and equip school property and make site improvements to the property.”

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In September 2023, West Fargo voters defeated a $147 million referendum request that included nine projects in total. That district’s School Board is now developing strategies to engage stakeholders to create solutions that will address the rapid growth in the district.

At a Feb. 22 Education Committee meeting in Bismarck, the state’s school funding task force committee shared data collected during a survey of North Dakota schools to determine the extent of the needs.

Murphy said during this process he has looked at three other states using different funding models. Kansas uses a sliding scale to help districts with construction and renovation costs, allocating from 5-95% of the funds needed. In Wyoming, the state owns all the schools and is responsible for their maintenance and upkeep. Murphy doesn’t think the Wyoming model would work for North Dakota, where the emphasis is on local control. Minnesota’s program includes a look-back, which helps reimburse districts for certain infrastructure costs, another program Murphy’s not a fan of.

“In Grand Forks, we’re looking at building a

new school at the Air Force base

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and that process taught me something important – you just can’t give people an open checkbook. A $45 million project is now approaching $90 million for about 350 children,” he told the committee. “We need to think about how we’re going to control costs. In Grand Forks, we’re good about referendums, which isn’t the case across the state.”

The first challenge the task force is addressing is determining the extent of the problem.

“We don’t know what that is yet,” Murphy told the Grand Forks Herald. “It could be somewhere around $1 billion. We have way too many schools and it’s not mismanagement, it’s not overpaid administrators. The tax base (of some districts) just doesn’t support a new school.

“A lot of our schools are very old. Times have changed and the state has changed. When it comes to the state Constitution, it’s clear – we have a responsibility to educate every child in a place that’s safe. This is what we deal with in the Legislature,” he said.

Another challenge: The value of mills varies from district to district. Data presented during the committee meeting shows the majority of school districts, 129, have mill values between $5,001 and $50,000. Bismarck has the highest value mill at $575,472 with an average daily membership (ADM) of 14,340 students. The lowest value mill (not including Grand Forks Air Force Base or Minot Air Force Base) is Twin Buttes, at $39, with a 50 ADM. Schools on Native American reservations also have access to other federal mechanisms for funding school construction.

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“If the state needs to have a school construction program, how will school districts with a low value per mill ever possibly replace aging and, in many cases, dilapidated schools?” Murphy asked the task force.

“We’re going to be at a tipping point in the next few years. Building inspectors will condemn a school. How do you deal with that as a town?” Murphy asked.

Dr. Richard Faidley, superintendent at Williston Basin School District, asked the task force to analyze the upcoming referendum votes and look at funding sources.

“We have the need to build two elementary schools and the cost of construction now is astronomical in Williston. What’s $55 million today, four years ago was $32 million. The prices aren’t going to go down. We need to look at funding sources, have collaborative conversations together as a Legislature, and ask K-12 to come up with creative ways to deal with these challenges,” he said. “We’re not asking for pie in the sky. It’s a long-term situation we’re all faced with.

“There are a lot of differences in how districts receive their revenues that cause many challenges to school construction conversations. For those like West Fargo, there needs to be a solution and when it comes forward, it needs to make sure it takes care of all districts in the state. It’s a monumental task and will require additional in-depth analysis and conversations with our districts,” Faidley said.

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The author of this story, Carrie McDermott, is editor of Prairie Business, a magazine published by the Grand Forks Herald. Digital subscriptions for Prairie Business are free and can be found on the Herald’s website.





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North Dakota

Today in History, 1971: Rugby repeats as North Dakota sand greens golf champion

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Today in History, 1971: Rugby repeats as North Dakota sand greens golf champion


On this day in 1971, Rugby repeated as North Dakota’s high school sand greens golf champion behind medalist Dwight Stempson’s winning performance.

Here is the complete story as it appeared in the paper that day:

Rugby Repeats As Sand Greens Golf Champion

RUGBY, N. D. — Rugby repeated as North Dakota high school sand greens golf champion here Wednesday, posting a four-man total of 293 strokes for 18 holes.

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Led by medalist Dwight Stempson’s medalist 36-35 — 71, the Panthers were eight strokes ahead of runnerup Stanley, which had a 301. Following were Garrison 311, Beulah 315, Leeds 322, Ashley 323, Bottineau 328, Pembina 329, Tioga 332, Parshall 341 and Hettinger 342.

See more history at Newspapers.com

Stempson and teammate Bruce Carlson each had one-under par 71s, but Carlson was unable to be at the regional and wasn’t qualified for individual honors.

Rounding out the Rugby totals were Delwin Wilson 40-37 — 77 and Dennett Hutchinson 35-39 — 74. Gary Kirchoffner, 41-39 — 80, was Rugby’s fifth entrant with the best four-of-five scores counted.

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Runnerup Stanley was led by Steve Springan’s 34-38 — 72 and Joe Springan’s 36-38 — 74. Their two-man total of 146 strokes was good enough for the doubles title. Two strokes back with a 148 was the duo of Stempson and Wilson. Stan Saathoff and Mike Stepina of Garrison each had 76s for a 152 total and the Ashley combo of Steve Maier (76) and Dave Kretschmar (78) was fourth with a 154.

Stempson was the driving contest winner with a distance of 280 yards. Chris Knutson of Garrison headed the pitch and putt competition.

Ads featured in The Forum on June 3, 1971. Newspapers.com

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Kate Almquist

Kate Almquist is the social media manager for InForum. After working as an intern, she joined The Forum full time starting in January 2022. Readers can reach her at kalmquist@forumcomm.com.





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10 Small Towns In North Dakota Were Ranked Among US Favorites

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10 Small Towns In North Dakota Were Ranked Among US Favorites


Walhalla keeps the oldest buildings in North Dakota, fur-trade posts from the 1840s still standing near the Canadian line. Medora sits out in the Badlands, where a French aristocrat tried to build a beef empire in 1883. Garrison fishes one of the largest reservoirs in the country, and Jud has turned nearly every wall in town into a mural. The frontier era left marks across North Dakota that most of the Plains has paved over, and these ten towns still carry them. Each one holds a specific piece of the state’s history and geography.

Garrison

Downtown street in Garrison, North Dakota. Image credit: Andrew Filer, CC BY-SA 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons.

Garrison sits on the north shore of Lake Sakakawea, the reservoir the Garrison Dam holds back on the Missouri River and one of the largest reservoirs in the country. Anglers come year-round for walleye, northern pike, and chinook salmon, and the lake also draws boaters, campers, and shoreline hikers. In town, the open-air Heritage Park Museum preserves a one-room schoolhouse, a railroad depot, a country church, and a homesteader cabin from the turn of the last century. Fort Stevenson State Park, three miles southwest, marks the site of an 1860s military post with an interpretive guardhouse, a marina, a campground, and lakeside trails. Garrison leans into its self-declared title as the Walleye Capital of North Dakota with Wally the Walleye, a 26-foot fiberglass fish on Main Street.

Mayville

Mayville State University in Mayville, North Dakota
Mayville State University. Image credit: Tammy Chesney via Shutterstock.

Mayville State University anchors this Red River Valley town in Traill County. The public four-year college opened in 1889 as one of the six original state normal schools authorized at North Dakota statehood, and its calendar still drives the town through Comet athletics, theater productions, and the annual Festival of Trees. Island Park, set along the Goose River where it runs through downtown, holds the town’s main recreation space with picnic areas, playgrounds, and a community pool. The volunteer-tended Rainbow Garden along the riverbank mixes themed plantings with folk-art sculptures. The Mayville Water Park runs its pool and slides from Memorial Day through Labor Day.

Lisbon

Downtown streets of Lisbon, North Dakota
Downtown Lisbon, North Dakota. Image credit: Andrew Filer, CC BY-SA 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons.

Lisbon grew up along the Sheyenne River in Ransom County as a Northern Pacific Railroad town, and its 1889 Opera House, now restored and on the National Register, still hosts theater and music. Brick storefronts from the same era line Main Street. Just south of town, the Sheyenne National Grassland protects 70,000 acres of tallgrass prairie, the largest publicly owned tallgrass prairie in the country, with trails open to hikers, riders, and limited hunting. Prairiewood Vineyard, about six miles out, grows cold-climate grapes and pours tastings on weekends.

Fort Ransom

Fort Ransom Wildlife Management Area in North Dakota
Fort Ransom Wildlife Management Area. Image credit: Danita Delimont via Shutterstock.

Fewer than 100 people live in Fort Ransom year-round, deep in the wooded Sheyenne River Valley. Fort Ransom State Park preserves the site of an 1867 Army outpost built to guard settlers and the wagon route toward the Black Hills, and it now offers camping, paddling on the Sheyenne, and cross-country skiing. The park’s Sodbuster Days each September run horse-powered farming, threshing, and traditional-craft demonstrations, and the Sheyenne Valley Arts and Crafts Festival fills it over the Fourth of July weekend. The town anchors the Sheyenne River Valley Scenic Byway, a 63-mile route through some of the most varied terrain in the state.

Devils Lake

High water at Devils Lake, North Dakota
High water at Devils Lake, North Dakota.

Devils Lake takes its name from the Dakota “Mni Wak’áŋ,” or Spirit Water, and sits beside the largest natural lake in North Dakota. Between 1993 and 2011, floodwaters more than doubled the lake, swelling it from roughly 70 square miles to over 200 and swallowing roads, farms, and woodland as it rose. Today it holds one of the most productive perch and walleye fisheries in the Upper Midwest. Graham’s Island State Park, on the western shore, is the main access point, with cabins, a campground, a swimming beach, and boat ramps. Fort Totten State Historic Site nearby preserves an 1867 military post with sixteen original buildings restored to tell its story through 1890.

Medora

Sunrise over Theodore Roosevelt National Park
Sunrise over Theodore Roosevelt National Park. Image credit: Zak Zeinert via Adobe Stock.

Medora is the gateway to the south unit of Theodore Roosevelt National Park, set in the Badlands of western North Dakota. The Marquis de Mores, a French aristocrat, founded the town in 1883 and named it for his American wife, Medora von Hoffman; his Chateau de Mores hunting lodge still stands as a state historic site with the family’s original furnishings. The Maltese Cross Cabin, near the park visitor center, is the cabin Theodore Roosevelt used during his 1880s ranching years, the period that shaped his later conservation work. Each summer the Burning Hills Amphitheatre stages the Medora Musical, a Western-themed show running since 1965 in a natural bluff theater over the Badlands. The North Dakota Cowboy Hall of Fame keeps permanent exhibits on ranching, rodeo, and Indigenous horse culture.

Walhalla

Downtown streets of Walhalla, North Dakota
Downtown Walhalla, North Dakota. Image credit: In memoriam afiler, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons.

Walhalla, founded in 1845 on the banks of the Pembina River, is among the oldest towns in North Dakota. The Kittson Trading Post, built by American Fur Company agent Norman Kittson, stands at the Walhalla State Historic Site and is often called the oldest building in the state; the nearby Gingras Trading Post, the 1840s home and store of Métis trader Antoine Blanc Gingras, holds an equal or older claim. Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area cuts the deepest canyon in North Dakota, carved by the Pembina River, with trails for hiking, biking, and ATVs. Frost Fire Mountain runs downhill skiing and snowboarding in winter and an outdoor theater season in summer.

Valley City

Bridge over the Sheyenne River in Valley City, North Dakota
Sheyenne River in Valley City, North Dakota, the City of Bridges.

Valley City earns its nickname, the City of Bridges, from the eleven bridges that cross the Sheyenne River and its tributaries within the city limits. The Hi-Line Railroad Bridge, finished in 1908 and listed on the National Register, runs 3,860 feet across the valley and stands 162 feet above the water, one of the longest single-track railroad bridges in the country. The town sits at the eastern end of the 63-mile Sheyenne River Valley Scenic Byway, and Valley City State University, founded in 1890, keeps the local calendar busy with Vikings athletics and the annual Hi-Liner Days festival.

Jud

Jud, North Dakota, post office building
Jud, North Dakota, post office building. Image credit: Andrew Filer, CC BY-SA 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons.

Jud holds fewer than 100 residents in LaMoure County and is named for Judson LaMoure, an early state legislator. Since the early 2000s, residents and visiting artists have painted murals across nearly every building in town, including the post office, the grain elevator, the fire hall, and several houses, turning the place into a walkable open-air gallery of prairie wildlife, rural scenes, and abstract patterns. The annual Jud Art Festival each summer brings in regional artists and live music. Most travelers come for the murals and the sight of an entire town organized around one creative project.

Bottineau

Tommy Turtle statue in Bottineau, North Dakota
Tommy Turtle, symbol of Bottineau, North Dakota. Image credit: Bobak Ha’Eri, CC BY 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons.

Bottineau sits a little over ten miles south of the Canadian border as the gateway to the Turtle Mountains. Its mascot, the 30-foot fiberglass Tommy the Turtle, went up in 1978 riding a 34-foot snowmobile and is billed as the world’s tallest turtle statue. Pride Dairy on Main Street is the last small-town creamery still operating in North Dakota, known for its Juneberry ice cream. Lake Metigoshe State Park, about fifteen miles north, offers boating, kayaking, fishing, and winter ice fishing. Bottineau Winter Park, the largest ski area in the state, runs ten runs across 200 vertical feet plus a tubing hill, and Dakota College at Bottineau, established in 1906, anchors the campus side of town.

Where The Frontier Still Shows

What these ten towns share is how much of the frontier they kept. The Missouri River and Lake Sakakawea shaped Garrison. The Sheyenne River Valley runs through Fort Ransom, Lisbon, and Valley City. The Pembina Gorge holds Walhalla on the Canadian border, the Badlands hold Medora, and the Turtle Mountains rise behind Bottineau. Each one still keeps its 19th-century buildings and the kind of small-town institutions that have closed almost everywhere else.

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Behind the Badge – Why North Dakota?

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Why North Dakota?

District Game Warden Noah Raitz

I admit that when I was first thinking about getting into conservation enforcement, I was not thinking about moving to North Dakota. Not because I didn’t like the state or had a reason not to move here. It was the opposite. I lacked the knowledge of what North Dakota had to offer. I was also in high school, so I had no idea what my plan was other than going to college.

I was just talking about this with another warden and the recruitment of candidates for our game warden positions. Sure, we hire wardens born and raised in North Dakota, but that’s not a requirement for the job. As proof of that, I grew up 30 minutes from the North Dakota border but didn’t start to think of it as an option until college.

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I attended the University of North Dakota and one summer I worked for the North Dakota Game and Fish Department as a fisheries seasonal in Devils Lake. I enjoyed the work, but it also showed me the fishing opportunities the state offered that I had never explored before.

I also helped with sharp-tailed grouse surveys in college, which showed me the upland hunting opportunities that, again, I had never explored.

I grew up hunting waterfowl, but not in North Dakota until college, when I was introduced to field hunting. As you can guess, this showed me the prized waterfowl hunting so many people are passionate about in North Dakota.

I say all that because North Dakota’s habitat and natural resources are worth appreciating. It might not be flashy mountains or cabin-packed lakes, but that doesn’t mean we don’t have a lot to offer. We have the prairie, badlands, the Missouri River system, and many other unique landscapes throughout the state.

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What do those have in common? They are made up of large areas of undeveloped landscapes for anyone to enjoy. Or in my case, to work in. That’s my office, the habitat for our fisheries and wildlife resources. I may not have a fast-food restaurant or big shopping mall down the road, but I do have various hunting and fishing opportunities within 5 minutes of my house.

I was asked recently what the favorite part of my job is, and it wasn’t very difficult to answer. It’s the interactions I get to have with the public. Getting to listen to a young angler tell me about the big fish they caught, or a new hunter showing off their first duck. It’s also the older generation telling me about hunting or fishing stories from before I was born.

To circle back to where I started, I did not expect to end up in North Dakota, but I am sure glad I did. Enforcing game and fish regulations is easy when the majority of our interactions don’t end in a citation, but instead a hunter or anglers’ story about that day’s success or defeat.



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