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North Dakota raw milk producers cautious as federal authorities raise concerns

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North Dakota raw milk producers cautious as federal authorities raise concerns


BISMARCK — Raw milk from North Dakota dairy cows carries a low risk of avian flu contamination, local producers say, but they are still increasing precautions.

The so-called bird flu has been detected in dairy cows in nine other states,

including South Dakota,

and the Food and Drug Administration has advised against drinking raw milk.

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This issue comes less than a year since

the North Dakota Legislature lifted a rule against selling raw milk in the state,

though sales can only be at the direct consumer level, not to wholesale or retail outlets or across state lines.

There are currently about two dozen raw milk producers in the state.

One is Peter Bartlett of Bartlett Farms, Bottineau, who said he received a cautionary notice from the North Dakota Milk Producers Association. The notice advised caution when buying cows and to keep a close watch for illness in the herd. He said customers are not deterred.

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“A pasture-based farm that’s not confining its animals in more close confinement like a conventional dairy would be a lot less susceptible,” Bartlett said.

Bartlett said he already follows three levels of safety protocols to ensure the health of his cows.

Since the restrictions were eased on sales of raw milk last year, Bartlett has seen a steady and growing interest from consumers.

“In the past six months, we seem to have had almost twice as many inquiries about milk,” he said. “So that’s a good sign. I think that now that the law passed, people look at it as a valid option.”

Ty Petersen of Bev’s Best Dairy, Monango, agrees that larger dairy farms with confined cows are more at risk from transmission and that smaller operators have a better grip on the health of individual animals.

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He said he isn’t greatly concerned about avian influenza infecting his cows.

“Just being a fussy producer helps a lot, that’s a big part of it, and you know just being around them cows all day you notice stuff lickety split.”

Ava Brokaw of Brokaw Ranch, Kulm, said she is very meticulous about the cleanliness of her cows and quality of her raw milk.

“If I question anything, I dump it,” she said. “I would never sell anything where I questioned whether my cow was sick or not.”

Brokaw said she’s had “a ton of people reach out” since the restrictions were lifted, and people should do their research on whatever it is they are consuming.

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“I’ve got kids and I want to make sure that everything that I’m giving them is good, you know, so I read up on the risks on it,” Brokaw said. “But for us, we’ve had more problems with store-bought milk than raw milk.”

North Dakota’s Department of Agriculture regulates production of pasteurized milk, but not raw milk.

The North Dakota Department of Health and Human Services can only offer guidance, according to Heather Steffl, communications manager of the Public Health Division.

“Pasteurization is the safest choice,” Steffl wrote in response to an inquiry from the North Dakota News Co-op.

State veterinarian Ethan Andress said consuming raw milk has “inherent risks” aside from the possible transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza.

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“There are organisms that contaminate raw milk that have the potential to cause people to get sick and occasionally die.” He said it’s the same risk for all raw food, from oysters to meat.

Andress advised raw milk producers to minimize contact with wild birds and to ensure feed is protected from exposure to wild birds because it is hard to know if they are infected.

Milk production is a key indicator of a cow’s health. “The most common sign (of illness) is a drop in milk production,” Andress said.

But even with precautions, some infected cows may not show signs of sickness.

“I think the most frustrating part of this is the asymptomatic part, that some of these cows have an infection but aren’t getting sick,” Andress said. “Just like people when we get influenza, you have varying levels of how bad people get sick and the same thing occurs in cows.”

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The closest the avian influenza virus H5N1 has been found in dairy cows is in South Dakota. Other states where it was detected are Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Michigan, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio and Texas.

There have been no cases of avian influenza detected in North Dakota, according to the North Dakota Department of Agriculture. Most cases from 2023 occurred in the fall.

Transmission risks still undetermined

Federal officials believe the virus is spreading among cows due to contact with milk from other infected cows but that further testing is needed.

It is also unknown if humans can contract the virus through consuming raw milk from infected cows.

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Pasteurization of milk inactivates the virus, according to the FDA. The agency has tested commercially produced pasteurized milk and other dairy products in 38 states and found no live, infectious virus in pasteurized milk.

A recent study published by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention found that cats that consumed raw milk from avian influenza-infected cows became sick and some died.

Dr. Angela Rasmussen, a virologist at the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization at the University of Saskatchewan in Canada, told NDNC that while “we don’t know if people can get H5N1 from drinking raw milk,” due to the high levels of viral loads, “it’s very much a possibility.”

Animals such as cats, dogs, and bears that eat dead birds have gotten diseased, and some died, from that consumption, Rasmussen said.

An FDA statement from May 1 said the agency is continuing to test samples of pooled raw milk routed to pasteurization and processing for commercial use. The FDA “advises strongly” against consuming raw milk and recommends the industry does not manufacture or sell raw milk or raw milk products.

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The FDA has also recommended that precautions be taken when discarding milk from infected cows so it does not become a source of further spread.

This story was originally published on NewsCoopND.org

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This story was written by one of our partner news agencies. Forum Communications Company uses content from agencies such as Reuters, Kaiser Health News, Tribune News Service and others to provide a wider range of news to our readers. Learn more about the news services FCC uses here.

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Video: A look at North Dakota’s 2026-2028 Fishing Guide

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Video: A look at North Dakota’s 2026-2028 Fishing Guide


Greg Power, fisheries division chief with the North Dakota Game and Fish Department, shares information about the new 2026-2028 Fishing Guide and a few new regulations starting April 1, 2026.

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Summit League tournament: Omaha women bounce North Dakota

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Summit League tournament: Omaha women bounce North Dakota


SIOUX FALLS — Ali Stephens had 17 points and 13 rebounds and 8th-seeded Omaha defeated 9th-seeded North Dakota 49-39 in the first round of the Summit League women’s tournament.

The Fighting Hawks had a tough time putting the ball in the hoop all night long, scoring just three points in the first quarter and having only marginally better luck from there.

UND (7-24) shot just 23.5 percent from the floor (12-for-51) and made 1-of-20 shots from outside the arc. Walker Demers and Mackenzie Hughes had 10 points each to lead the Hawks, with Demers adding eight rebounds.

Members of the Omaha women’s basketball team cheer for their teammates during the opening game of the Summit League tournament on March 4, 2026 at the Premier Center in Sioux Falls.

Matt Zimmer/Sioux Falls Live

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Regan Juenemann had 10 points and five rebounds for the Mavericks while Avril Smith had seven points and 16 rebounds and Sarai Estupinan eight points, five assists and three rebounds. Omaha (6-26) shot the ball slightly better than the Hawks, going 16-of-53 from the field (30 percent) and 8-of-23 (35 percent) on 3-pointers.

With the win, the Mavs earn a date with top-seed North Dakota State on Thursday at 2:30 p.m.
The Bison won both regular season matchups by more than 50 points.

030426-IMG_7760.JPG
North Dakota’s Mataeya Mathern goes up for a shot during the opening game of the Summit League tournament on March 4, 2026 at the Premier Center in Sioux Falls.

Matt Zimmer/Sioux Falls Live

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Oral Roberts 84, Kansas City 62 — Don’t look now but the team that started the conference season 0-10 and at one point lost 15 of 16 games might be the hottest in the Summit League.

Oral Roberts picked up their fourth straight victory on Wednesday night in the conference tournament opener, routing Kansas City at the Premier Center in the 8/9 “play-in” game.

Ty Harper had 22 points to lead the Golden Eagles (10-22), who took a 44-21 lead by halftime and never looked back. ORU shot 50 percent from the floor and made 13-of-27 3-pointers while the Kangaroos shot just 34 percent and made 6-of-24 from deep. Martins Kilups had 17 points for the Eagles and Connor Dow added 14.

Jayson Petty had 14 points to lead the Kagaroos, who finish the season 4-27. It was their final game under coach Marvin Menzies, whom the school announced earlier this season would not return next year.

With the win ORU advances to face top-seed North Dakota State on Thursday at 6 p.m.
The Golden Eagles lost to NDSU 86-58 in Tulsa on Jan. 24 but they took the Bison to overtime in Fargo on Jan. 3 in a 79-77 loss.

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Matt Zimmer

Matt Zimmer is a Sioux Falls native and longtime sports writer. He graduated from Washington High School where he played football, legion baseball and developed his lifelong love of the Minnesota Twins and Vikings. After graduating from St. Cloud State University, he returned to Sioux Falls, and began a long career in amateur baseball and sports reporting. Email Matt at mzimmer@siouxfallslive.com.





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North Dakota

The North Dakota Attorney General issued an opinion to the ND State Auditor – North Dakota Attorney General

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The North Dakota Attorney General issued an opinion to the ND State Auditor

March 4, 2026

Media Contact: Suzie Weigel, 701.328.2210

BISMARCK, ND – It is the opinion that federal law does not prevent the state from auditing P&A and even though P&A possesses confidential records, N.D.C.C. § 54-10-22.1 and 42 C.F.R. § 51.45(c) authorize the state auditor and the employees of the auditor’s office, to review the records without detriment to P &A.

Also, whether Rule 1.6 of the North Dakota Rules of Professional Conduct for licensed attorneys prohibits P&A from disclosing to the State Auditor the contents of a client file for the purpose of conducting a non-financial performance audit under N.D.C.C. ch. 54-10 when the requested file includes information about individuals and businesses in the private sector who chose to contact P &A.

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This issue was already addressed in a 1995 opinion of this office regarding P&A. The 1995 opinion highlighted that P&A has authority to contract with private attorneys to represent private individuals. 17 During that performance audit, auditors asked to see billings from the contracted attorneys. 18 P&A redacted the names of the individuals represented by the contract attorneys under the rules for attorney-client privilege or attorney-client confidentiality. 19 The names of individuals seeking services of P&A are protected under N.D.C.C. § 25-01.3. The opinion stated:

Thus, P&A’s records which indicate to whom its services were provided are available to the State Auditor for performance audit purposes. The State Auditor has
been given access by P&A to its records other than the attorney’s billings. Therefore, the State Auditor already has access to the names of the persons to whom P&A
provides services. State law requires that the State Auditor and his employees must keep such information confidential.

Here, P&A has not identified a specific record. Given that, I rely on the past opinions declaring that records made confidential by N.D.C.C. § 25-01.3-10 are available under N.D.C.C. § 54-10-22 to the State Auditor and the Auditor’s employees for audit purposes.

Link to opinion 2026-L-01

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