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Immigration reform can’t pass Congress. Here’s how that’s hurting Kansas, Missouri farmers

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Immigration reform can’t pass Congress. Here’s how that’s hurting Kansas, Missouri farmers


WASHINGTON — It’s difficult for Mark Fellwock to find workers for his dairy farm.

He’s competing against businesses in town, where the pay is often higher and the work is often easier. So it can be hard to find good, reliable workers to help keep the dairy operation up and running.

“Our daily struggle is labor,” Fellwock told The Star. “We fight it every day.”

Last year, Fellwock traveled to Washington hoping to change that. He spent time at the Capitol, asking lawmakers to support a bill to reform a program that allows farmers to bring in migrant workers on a short term basis – called the H-2A visa program.

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Currently, the H-2A program is only open to seasonal workers. That doesn’t fit Fellowock’s needs. He wants the program to allow year-round workers, which would make his dairy eligible to hire people for parlor work – helping to milk the cows.

His appeal fell on deaf ears.

Congress has been unable to pass comprehensive immigration for decades. And as partisan politics harden divisions on issues like border security and legal pathways to citizenship, it has become even more difficult to reform programs where there appears to be some common ground, like the H-2A visa program.

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“There are things we could agree on, that 60 votes in the Senate could be had, a majority of the House would support, a president would sign,” said Sen. Jerry Moran, a Kansas Republican. “But we get stymied because we don’t do everything. And therefore we can’t do something.”

The inability to do something has left farmers in Kansas and Missouri struggling amid a lasting labor shortage in the agriculture industry. The two states are among the top agriculture producers in the country, yet employ far fewer migrant farm workers than states with less agricultural output.

In 2023, Kansas had 1,406 migrant workers under the H-2A visa program, employed by 220 businesses. Missouri had 906 migrant workers, employed by 116 businesses.

Both states have seen an increase in migrant farm workers since 2015, the farthest back the Department of Homeland Security keeps public state by state data on H-2A visas. The increase comes as the rural population has continued to decline and small farms are being bought out by larger, corporate farms.

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But the program still doesn’t work for many of the farms common in Kansas and Missouri. Instead, it’s geared for farms that grow fruits and vegetables, like the apple orchards in Washington, the orange groves in Florida and the peach trees in Georgia.

Stephen Devadoss, an agricultural and applied economics professor at Texas Tech, said the program is mostly used by fruit and vegetable farmers for seasonal harvests, not the row crops like corn, wheat, soybeans and sorghum that are common in Kansas and Missouri.

Ryan Haffner, the owner of High Plains Agriculture, is one of the Kansas farmers who uses the H-2A visa program to harvest row crops. In 2023, he hired 22 migrant workers to drive tractors, combines and trucks to help harvest sorghum, wheat and corn.

Haffner’s labor pool generally doesn’t consist of the migrant workers from Mexico who often help pick vegetables. Instead, he largely relies on workers from South Africa or countries in Europe.

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Under the program, Haffner is required to pay the travel cost for his workers, along with providing housing and meals during the time they work for him.

Every year, he has to go through the same process. He fills out paperwork, gets permission from the government to hire workers, then flies them from their home country to get to his farm. They work for a season, driving the tractors and combines and trucks. Then they go home and the next batch of workers comes in.

“It’s like Groundhog Day, every year,” Haffner told The Star. “We have to ship all our people home, we have to do this big application process, hope we get approved. Then when we do get approved, we have to bring all these people over. So we’re spending anywhere from $1,300 to $2,000 per person just for the flight.”

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If Haffner could have his way, the H-2A visa program would be more flexible. Like Fellwock, he wishes that he could hire workers for a full year rather than just bringing them in for a season. And – because it’s difficult for him to find workers in the U.S. – he feels like he’s at the whim of the government when it comes to how he can operate his business.

Recently, Haffner said, the Biden administration wanted to remove trucking work from the H-2A program, which would make his business ineligible. Instead, the new Labor Department rule increased the wages for heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers by about 43% between 2023 and 2024, significantly raising his labor costs.

“We just go along for the ride,” Haffner said. “You’re either in the program or you’re out of the program. And because of the labor shortage, if we’re out of the program, we’re out of business.”

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In November, the Biden administration proposed a rule that would give migrant and seasonal workers more labor protections, including access to union protections, in an effort to empower workers afraid to speak out against abuse from employers who brought them overseas.

“The fear is if they were to report, then the employer would terminate their visa,” said Alexis Guild, the vice president for strategy and programs for Farmworkers Justice, a non-profit that advocates for seasonal and migrant farm workers. “And it could also impact future recruitment because many of the employers use recruiters and there’s fear of blacklisting.”

Kansas Attorney General Kris Kobach wrote a letter signed by Missouri Attorney General Andrew Bailey and 20 attorneys general opposing the rule.

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While the Labor Department has the power to adjust wages and propose new rules for workers, it would be up to Congress to change the law to make it work better for employers like Fellwock and Haffner.

Sen. Roger Marshall, a Kansas Republican, said the issue has been on his radar since he was first elected to the House in 2016. He supported a House bill in his first term to reform the H-2A visa process that attracted bipartisan support.

The bill would have allowed for year-round workers and some migrant workers would be eligible for a three-year visa. But it also would have eliminated the requirement that farmers provide housing and meals for their workers. It failed to pass out of committee.

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Marshall was among the Senators who helped kill a recent bipartisan immigration bill – which did not include significant reform to the H-2A visa program – for being insufficiently conservative.

He said that while he is very aware of the labor issues facing farmworkers – calling the lack of labor one of the top challenges facing Kansas farmers – he stressed that border security needed to be handled before any immigration bill.

“It just seems like the number one concern in the nation right now is this open southern border,” Marshall said. “All discussions are dead until we secure the border.”

Moran, on the other hand, is hoping Congress can do something to address the labor shortage, passing pieces of immigration reform where there’s bipartisan support. He said the rural communities in Kansas that have shown signs of growth in the past few decades are those that have embraced immigrants, like Garden City, which is now a majority minority city.

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“We certainly need people who want to work,” Moran said. “Agriculture particularly needs greater labor. We are stymied in Kansas in growing our agribusinesses and in growing our farms because we need people to work.”

But, Moran said, when he asked Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas if he was willing to work on areas of immigration reform where there’s bipartisan consensus, the secretary said he wanted comprehensive reform.

Moran said he took that to mean that they weren’t going to do anything.

That hasn’t deterred Fellwock, the chairman of the Missouri Dairy Association. He’s hopeful that a bipartisan bill, called The Farm Workforce Modernization Act, can somehow make it through a divided Congress.

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In the meantime, he’s at the whim of whoever pulls into his driveway.

“We’re starting to have a few come in wanting jobs, needing jobs,” Fellwock, the dairy farmer said. “And so we’re kind of encouraged with that. But boy, if we could have a visa program, where we could take advantage of those and be able to employ them through that, that would be tremendously helpful.”





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Kansas law revoked their right to drive and threatens their right to exist, transgender residents say

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Kansas law revoked their right to drive and threatens their right to exist, transgender residents say


Some 1,700 Kansans had their driver’s licenses invalidated last month. It wasn’t for racking up speeding tickets or a DUI charge, but because they are transgender.

Kansas is one of five states to prohibit trans people from changing the gender marker on their licenses, but it is the first to pass a law that retroactively cancels licenses that were already changed. The law also invalidated birth certificates for those who updated their gender markers.

Hundreds of trans drivers already received letters from the state informing them their documents were “invalid immediately” and they “may be subject to additional penalties” if they continue to drive, unless they surrender the license to the Kansas Division of Vehicles and receive a new one with their birth sex.

“I’m pretty heartbroken,” said Jaelynn Abegg, a 41-year-old trans woman living in Wichita who received a letter. She said she will not turn in her license and plans to move this month to another state.

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Jaelynn Abegg, a singer-songwriter who also drives for Lyft, said she is moving because of Kansas’ new law.Courtesy Jaelynn Abegg

“It is a continuation of the message that the Legislature has been sending out for years now, and that is that transgender people are not welcome in Kansas,” she said.

Two anonymous trans residents sued Kansas last month, arguing that the law violates state protections for personal autonomy, privacy, equality, due process and freedom of speech. On Tuesday, Douglas County District Judge James McCabria declined to grant a temporary restraining order against the law while the case proceeds.

McCabria wrote in his decision that there isn’t enough evidence to show that trans people will face harassment and discrimination if they have to use bathrooms or show IDs that conflict with their gender identities.

Kansas law was years in the making

Kansas had allowed trans people to update the gender markers on their IDs since 2007. Then in 2023, it changed its legal definition of sex to be male or female and assigned at birth.

Fifteen other states have made a similar change in the past few years — and President Donald Trump issued an executive order declaring that there are only two unchangeable sexes. The State Department now prohibits trans people from changing the gender markers on their passports.

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Kansas Attorney General Kris Kobach sued the state, arguing that allowing people to update their gender markers violated the 2023 law. Last year, the Kansas Supreme Court affirmed an appeals court decision and allowed gender marker changes to resume.

Transgender Rights-IDs
Protesters in Topeka spoke out against the Kansas law that invalidates hundreds of driver’s licenses and birth certificates for transgender people. John Hanna / AP

In January, Kobach backed the new bill he said would “correct an error” by the courts. The state Senate added a provision prohibiting trans people from using bathrooms that align with their gender identities in government-owned buildings. It was passed without public comment. The penalties for violating the provision can be $1,000 for individuals and up to $125,000 for government entities with more than one infraction.

Last month, Democratic Gov. Laura Kelly vetoed the bill, saying the Legislature “should stay out of the business of telling Kansans how to go to the bathroom and instead stay focused on how to make life more affordable for Kansans.” Days later, the Republican-held state Legislature overrode her veto.

Kansas House Speaker Daniel Hawkins, a Republican, said in a statement at the time that the law’s purpose was to protect women. “This isn’t about scoring political points, but doing what’s right for women and girls across our communities,” he said, according to the Kansas Reflector. Hawkins did not respond to NBC News’ request for comment.

State Rep. Mark Schreiber, the only Republican to vote against the bill, told NBC News he agreed with the appeals court that Kobach could not show how allowing trans people to change the gender markers on their licenses caused harm to the state.

“I don’t have any trans folks in my family, but I know trans people,” he said, adding that they aren’t looking for special privileges and just want to live their lives. “And we seem to keep passing laws that keep getting in the way of that.”

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Harper Seldin, one of the ACLU attorneys involved in the lawsuit, said during court arguments Friday that the Kansas Legislature singled out trans Kansans “for unique social stigma.”

“They were suddenly required, with no notice or opportunity to be heard, to present themselves to the DMV to obtain driver’s licenses that announced to everyone — the teller at the bank, the clerk at the hotel, the poll worker on election day — that they are transgender,” Seldin said.

Trans people have long reported facing more harassment and discrimination while using IDs that don’t align with their gender identity or expression, and many trans Kansans said they fear that their daily risk of facing such harassment would only increase as a result of the law.

‘There was no plan whatsoever’

Over the last five years, dozens of states have considered bills targeting transgender people, but the majority of those have targeted people’s ability to play on school sports teams that align with their gender identities and minors’ access to transition-related care. In the last few years, state and federal policies have shifted to focus on changing legal definitions of sex and restricting access to updated identity documents.

A flag promoting LGBTQ rights sits in the House chamber as Republicans prepare to push for a ban on gender-affirming care for transgender minors last year.
A flag promoting LGBTQ rights sits in the House chamber as Republicans prepare to push for a ban on gender-affirming care for transgender minors last year.John Hanna / AP

Logan Casey, director of policy research at the Movement Advancement Project, an LGBTQ think tank that tracks legislation, described these broader laws as “gender regulation laws” that attack the fundamental rights and identity of trans people.

“The point all along for the people pushing these bills and these attacks has been to single out transgender people and create a license to discriminate against transgender people and remove them from public life,” he said. “In effect, trying to get them to stop being transgender.”

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Kansas’ law took effect immediately after it was published in the register Feb. 26. A spokesperson for the Kansas Department of Revenue told the Kansas Reflector that the law invalidated about 1,700 licenses. The department did not respond to a request for comment. During the court hearing Friday, Kobach said the department had so far sent letters to 275 Kansans and 138 had received new licenses.

Andrea Ellis, a 34-year-old trans woman living in Wellington, said she received a letter Wednesday even though she never changed the gender marker on her license — she only legally changed her name on it in December. She drove to the DMV the next day, where she said staff were confused about what to do and said her license had a “flag” on it.

Andrea Ellis
Andrea Ellis, a maintenance technician living in Wellington, said she had to make two trips to the DMV to get temporary licenses.Courtesy Andrea Ellis

They cut the corner off her license and gave her a temporary one. But later that day, they called her and said she had to return to the DMV because they made an error. When she went back, she said they gave her another temporary license that looked the same as the first.

“They claim that it was thought out, and everything else, but there was no grace period unlike any other kind of rollout program,” Ellis said. “There was no plan whatsoever.”

Some trans residents, like Matthew Neumann, said they still haven’t received any notification regarding their licenses. Neumann, who is the executive director of the LGBTQ Foundation of Kansas, said he’s been checking the validity of his license every day on the Kansas Department of Revenue website, and it’s still valid as of Friday.

Neumann said his organization has raised funds to help trans Kansans pay to update their licenses. Getting a license with an updated gender marker costs $8.75, while receiving a new ID is $26.

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Matthew Neumann and his service dog, Zelda.
Matthew Neumann and his service dog, Zelda. Neumann helped organize a “pee-in” in the State Capitol bathrooms last month to protest the law.Courtesy Matthew Neumann

Neumann has lived in Larned, Kansas, for 20 years and said he will never leave. He said he’s been threatened over his restroom use, and he fears he could face more harassment under the new law.

“I’m just disappointed and frustrated,” he said. “I’m just hoping that maybe this is the wake up call we need,” he said.



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Farmer receives support from community after Kansas wildfire destroys home

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Farmer receives support from community after Kansas wildfire destroys home


KISMET, Kan. (KWCH) – Last month, wildfires in southern Kansas raged, destroying farmer Randall Thorp’s property, tools and 960 acres of land.

As he handles the massive cleanup project, he knows he is not alone.

“It’s about the greatest show of love I’ve ever seen,” Thorpe said. “I didn’t realize that I would have all this support in my greatest time of need.”

The two main contributors to Thorp’s optimism are the community around him and his faith.

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“I’ve seen a lot of darkness that, because of my faith in Jesus, I can see the light in my heart,” Thorp said. “And that’s what keeps me going.”

Throughout the past few weeks, friends, family and neighbors have come to his property to help sort out and clean up the debris.

“I come out here and I’m by myself and I find it hard to do anything, but when a group of people all shows up and they’re wanting to work, then I’m ready to get to work with them, and they’re all ready to help me,” Thorp said.

Even with all the uncertainty following the fire, Thorp has been able to feed the 150 cattle he has, a number that is now growing since it is calving season. Friendly helpers are providing free hay for his animals to eat.

There’s a long way until things will be back to normal, but Thorp is determined to get there.

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“You know, I can see some light at the end of the tunnel, but I’ve got to stay strong and keep it going and make it through,” Thorp said.

The powerful show of dependability from fellow Kansans is something he will never forget.

“I’ve been shown lots of love,” Thorp said.

You can still donate to Thorp’s GoFundMe here.

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Kansas City International Airport reopens after ‘threat’ prompts FBI, cops to swarm terminal

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Kansas City International Airport reopens after ‘threat’ prompts FBI, cops to swarm terminal


Kansas City International Airport in Missouri was partly evacuated over a “threat” Sunday afternoon but has since resumed “normal operations,” officials said.

“The security incident at [Kansas City International Airport] is now clear and normal operations are resuming,” Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy wrote on X.

“I want to thank law enforcement including the FBI for their timely response. The safety of our passengers, airport staff, and crew members is always our number one priority.”

Airport representative Jackson Overstreet told The Associated Press in an email that the threat was reported at 11:50 a.m. local time, at which point an entire terminal was evacuated.

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He said planes that landed after the threat were being held on the taxiway until it could be fully investigated.

Passengers gather on the tarmac at Kansas City International Airport after being evacuated due to a “threat” on March 8, 2026. J McDonough via KCTV

Airport staff gathered on the tarmac in front of a terminal and jet bridge.
Roughly 2,000 people were ushered out of the terminal and onto the tarmac, a spokesperson said. Peter Everett via KCTV

FBI rep Dixon Land said the bureau was “aware of the incident” and worked with “law enforcement officials to determine the credibility of a threat.”

Passenger Logan Hawley, 29, told the outlet he was getting ready to board a flight to Texas when he saw police and K-9 units swarming the terminal.

“Suddenly there was an airport worker saying ‘immediately evacuate,’ people got up fast and rushed out of there,” Hawley said.

Roughly 2,000 people were ushered out of the terminal and onto the tarmac, he said.

Photos and video from the airport circulating online show large groups of passengers being led onto the tarmac or funneling out of the terminal.

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