U.S. car companies are still struggling to absorb the bevy of tariffs the administration implemented last year, including levies on steel and aluminum, car parts and vehicles shipped in from Mexico and Canada, and say rivals from Japan, South Korea and Europe face lower tariff burdens.

Now, U.S. auto executives worry that U.S. proposals floated ahead of talks scheduled with Mexican trade officials next month could jack up costs even further.

One of the most contentious points for automakers is Washington’s demand that vehicles contain at least 50% U.S.-made content to qualify for lower tariffs, as Reuters reported in May. That requirement, as well as a proposal to increase overall North American vehicle content from the current 75% level, would add at least $2 billion in annual costs for each Detroit automaker, according to estimates at two automakers.

Those expenses would come atop costs the automakers already have been incurring from the various levies in place since last year.

The U.S. Trade Representative’s office did not respond to a request for comment. Administration officials have said their tariff moves have been aimed at spurring more U.S. factory investment and jobs.

General Motors GM.N expects gross expenses related to tariffs to cost it $2.5 billion to $3.5 billion this year, potentially representing more than 20% of its operating profit. Ford Motor F.N has pegged its net tariff hit at about $1 billion this year.

Ford’s latest onshoring

In an apparent signal to the White House of its commitment to make more cars domestically, Ford on Wednesday said it would move production of Lincoln models for the U.S. market to American factories from China, citing the Trump administration’s tariffs as a driving factor.

Ford CEO Jim Farley told Reuters on Wednesday that the company early on might have been unprepared for the administration’s commitment to increasing U.S. auto production. But Ford – which already builds a larger percentage of its U.S.-sold vehicles domestically than its Detroit rivals – got the message, he said.

“It dawned on us very quickly, ‘Hey, look, we need to make some changes here,’” he said.

U.S. Commerce Secretary ​Howard Lutnick, in a joint interview, said he is hopeful more automakers will follow the leads of Ford and GM by moving factory work to the U.S.

“We worked together to get it right,” Lutnick added.

U.S. and Mexican officials are planning a fourth round of trade talks next month. Canadian trade officials have been meeting with their U.S. counterparts this week in an effort to avert another round of tariffs on Canada set to take effect next week.

Asian automakers’ advantages rankle

The American Automotive Policy Council, which represents Ford, GM and Jeep-maker Stellantis, referred Reuters to a June 30 statement saying that U.S. automakers are at a disadvantage to Japanese, South Korean and European automakers who export into the U.S. and face a flat 15% tariff.

GM CEO Mary Barra said on a July earnings call that the company is focused on “making sure that the U.S. automakers are going to be able to compete and win when we look at what the tariff rates are for Europeans, the Japanese and the Koreans.”

One U.S. auto executive said Trump more quickly forged deals with Korea and Japan because those governments were able to advocate on behalf of their automakers as part of broader trade agreements focused on national security, whereas the U.S. car companies didn’t have the same leverage.

“We don’t have a president or a prime minister who can call up Trump on our behalf,” the executive said.

U.S. automakers currently face a duty of about 25% on imports from Mexico and Canada, but vehicles with heavier amounts of U.S.-made content get lower tariff bills.

GM told Reuters that vehicles that have significant U.S. and North American content “should receive better treatment than vehicles that do not,” and added that the automaker is encouraged by the administration’s progress on negotiations.

Stellantis said it is encouraged by the talks and is working with the three governments “to ensure that we can build and sell affordable vehicles across the region.”

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Reporting by Nora Eckert and Mike Colias in Detroit