Health
Your brain physically changes when you work too much, scientists warn
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New research has found that being overworked can physically alter the brain.
Researchers in South Korea set out to understand how working long hours impact the cognitive and emotional health of employees.
The study, published in the journal Occupational & Environmental Medicine, assessed the brain volume of 110 healthcare workers who were classified by the categories of overworked – working greater than or equal to 52 hours per week – and non-overworked.
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The results revealed that overworked individuals exhibited “significant changes” in brain regions that are associated with executive function and emotional regulation.
Study co-author Wanhyung Lee, M.D., Ph.D., assistant professor at Chung-Ang University College of Medicine in Seoul, told Fox News Digital that this is one of the first studies to examine the relationship between prolonged working hours and structural brain changes.
New research has shown that overworked individuals exhibited “significant changes” in key brain regions. (iStock)
“We initially had no clear expectations regarding what we might discover,” he revealed. “Therefore, we found the results particularly intriguing.”
The researcher noted that increased brain volume associated with cognitive and emotional functions was an “unexpected and fascinating” observation of the study.
“These findings open new questions and underscore the complexity of how chronic occupational stress might affect brain health, highlighting the need for further detailed investigations,” he said.
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The increased brain volume as observed was found in regions associated with executive functions, Lee said, such as memory, decision-making and attention — as well as emotional regulation, such as stress management and emotional stability.
While these changes may initially reflect a need to manage “ongoing occupational stress,” according to Lee, there could be potential risks of prolonged or chronic alterations.
This could include neural strain, inflammation or maladaptive reorganization.
Working long hours could potentially have a long-term impact on brain function, a study co-author and professor (not pictured) has suggested. (iStock)
“Although our current study cannot conclusively determine the long-term impacts, ongoing exposure without sufficient recovery may negatively affect cognitive and emotional health,” he said.
Lee urged employees who work excessive hours to recognize that chronic stress can lead to physical brain changes, not just psychological complications. This emphasizes the need to manage workload, prioritize rest and maintain emotional balance.
“At the same time, individual efforts alone are not sufficient; organizational support and proactive management by companies to create healthy working conditions are essential to protect employees’ brain health,” he said.
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“With the rapid advancement of smartphones and digital technology, work increasingly extends beyond traditional office hours into personal time, making chronic overwork more common and less visible,” Lee went on. “Employers and policymakers must also acknowledge and address these evolving work patterns to support sustainable working environments.”
The researcher recognized the progressive move toward becoming an “overwork society.” He urged employees to “actively set boundaries, ensure regular rest and recovery, practice stress management, and advocate for workplace policies that clearly define and respect healthy work-hour limits.”
There’s “no question” too much mental stress can alter the brain, said a neurosurgeon. (iStock)
Dr. Paul Saphier, a neurosurgeon and founder of Coaxial Neurosurgical Specialists in New Jersey, was not involved in the study but commented on the findings in an interview with Fox News Digital.
Saphier considered the study interesting, yet not “overly surprising.”
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“There is no question that mental stress and fatigue, either with sleep deprivation, anxiety, long periods of intense concentration, etc., lead to alteration of neurotransmitter release and additional physiological changes,” he said. “This may ultimately lead to anatomical changes within the brain.”
Experts have known that professions that require “crisp cognitive awareness” with “zero room for error” — such as airline pilots and medical professionals — benefit from “limited consecutive work hours to reduce errors,” said the neurosurgeon.
“Caring for your mental health and well-being is essential if you want to be a productive employee,” one career expert said. (iStock)
Kyle Elliott, a California-based tech career coach and mental health expert, also weighed in during a separate interview with Fox News Digital.
“Caring for your mental health and well-being is essential if you want to be a productive employee,” he said.
“Neglecting your mental health can not only affect your ability to work effectively but also negatively impact your physical health and longevity.”
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Elliot encouraged employees to advocate for their needs.
“Don’t be afraid to speak up [at work or to employers] if you need to take a break or time off to protect your mental or physical health,” he said. “Your mind and body will thank you in the long run.”
The expert suggested taking smaller steps to preserve mental health and prevent burnout, such as taking allocated breaks throughout the workday, connecting with people who are safe to share your frustration with and limiting time on social media.
Health
Men’s underwear and fertility risks go viral as doctors push back on claims
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Men are swapping out their underwear over growing concerns about fertility and hormone health.
The movement has been happening online, as some men are attempting to swap out their polyester shorts and undergarments for cotton, wool and other organic materials.
They are avoiding synthetic fabrics over concerns about microplastics, “forever chemicals” and a potential link to infertility, according to a report by The Wall Street Journal.
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Recent studies have suggested that microplastics — most often found in the environment, air, water and food — can carry pollutants into the human organs and cause health complications, such as cancer, inflammation, cardiovascular issues and cell damage.
As more organic underwear brands for men surface and grow in popularity, these concerns have also been fueled by conversations on social media and podcasts.
Fertility experts cast doubts on underwear material impacting fertility in men. (iStock)
Dr. Paul Turek, a reproductive urologist and microsurgeon in California, told the Journal that “microplastic conversations are constant now.”
Although he advises his patients to reduce plastic exposure, Turek said he has yet to see research to validate these concerns.
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Dr. Jaime Knopman, director of fertility preservation at CCRM Fertility New York and author of “Own Your Fertility,” told Fox News Digital that “theoretically,” wearing briefs can pose a fertility risk, but not just because of the material.
“While a change in underwear could help improve fertility, it is rarely the sole cause of infertility.”
“The tight fit can raise the temperature of a man’s testes, which could reduce sperm quality and quantity, causing a decline in fertility,” she said. “However, in my experience, I have not found a direct correlation between wearing briefs and a patient’s fertility.”
Knopman added that she hasn’t seen changes in patients who have switched underwear material or style.
A fertility specialist said she has not found a direct correlation between wearing certain briefs and a patient’s fertility. (iStock)
In an interview with Fox News Digital, Dr. Alex Robles of Columbia University Fertility Center in New York echoed that there is “no strong evidence that specific fabrics alone have a meaningful impact on male fertility.”
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“With that said, higher scrotal temperatures from any source (heat exposure, tight clothing, prolonged sitting or cycling) have been linked to reduced semen quality in some studies,” he said.
“Switching underwear alone rarely causes meaningful changes in fertility. However, some men may see small improvements in sperm quality if they move away from very tight styles that increase heat production and retention.”
Reducing risk
If a male patient has an abnormal semen analysis, Knopman said she always suggests making some lifestyle modifications to improve sperm health, including sleep, diet and exercise (in addition to seeing a urologist).
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“Throwing a change of underwear into the mix couldn’t hurt, but it’s nearly impossible to determine if a semen analysis is irregular because of a man’s underwear choices,” she said. “Therefore, while a change in underwear could help improve fertility, it is rarely the sole cause of infertility.”
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Knopman emphasized that fertility is “not just a female problem,” and that modifications in lifestyle choices should apply to both men and women.
“If a male patient tells me he is riding a bike for two hours a day or spending an hour in a hot bath, I am going to tell him to cut that out,” she said. “While it may not be the reason for his sperm troubles, modifying his lifestyle can’t hurt.”
Experts suggest making positive lifestyle modifications to improve sperm health, including sleep, diet and exercise. (iStock)
“Just like I tell my female patients, you can’t blame yourself for your infertility,” she went on. “Most habits in life are totally fine as long as they are in moderation.”
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Robles advised men to choose comfortable, non-restrictive underwear, avoid excessive heat exposure, increase food variety, and reduce exposure to toxins, including smoking and excessive alcohol.
“The biggest drivers of male fertility decline are age, obesity, smoking, heat exposure, environmental toxins and underlying medical conditions,” he said. “If you are struggling with a fertility issue, I recommend seeing a fertility specialist.”
Health
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Health
Shoveling snow could pose dangerous health risk for one group, experts warn
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As the country braces for a major winter storm this weekend, heart health experts have shared warnings of the physical strain shoveling can take — particularly for older adults.
A 2025 Mayo Clinic review found that just 10 minutes of heavy snow shoveling can push the heart to about 97% of its maximum rate. Exposure to cold air was also found to increase blood pressure and reduce coronary blood flow.
While there isn’t an official age that’s “too old” to shovel, some cardiologists recommend that individuals over 45 should exercise more caution to lower their chances of a cardiac event.
When to take caution
“While there’s no strict age cutoff, generally above the age of mid 40s and above, we tend to be a little more cautious — particularly in people who are less active [without] regular exercise,” Dr. Navjot Kaur Sobti, M.D., an interventional cardiologist at Northwell’s Northern Westchester Hospital in Mount Kisco, New York, previously told Fox News Digital.
Heart health experts have shared warnings of the physical strain shoveling can take — particularly for older adults. (iStock)
“Certainly in people who are above the age of 65 — and who have risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity or sedentary lifestyle — we recommend being very, very cautious about shoveling snow,” she advised.
Dr. John Osborne, M.D., a practicing Texas cardiologist and volunteer for the American Heart Association, shared similar guidance for people older than 45, especially males over 65.
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“Unless you are in good cardiovascular shape and condition, it may be a good idea to ask someone for help,” he said in an interview with Fox News Digital.
The impact of snow removal is especially concerning for those with existing cardiovascular risks and a history of heart attack or stroke, according to the cardiologist. “People with these characteristics and those who have had bypass surgery or coronary angioplasty simply should not be shoveling snow in any conditions,” he said.
Just 10 minutes of heavy snow shoveling can push the heart to about 97% of its maximum rate, a 2025 Mayo Clinic review found. (iStock)
Osbourne said he often sees cardiac episodes in people who are typically sedentary and sit at a computer most of the day with little or no exercise.
“Then once or twice a year, they go out and try to shovel the driveway after a heavy snowfall, and that unexpected exertion can unfortunately lead to tragedy.”
Hidden strain
The stress that is placed on one’s heart while shoveling snow is similar to what occurs during a cardiac stress test, Sobti pointed out, and may even exceed it.
Cold temperatures can cause blood vessels to constrict and blood pressure to spike — which, coupled with existing hypertension and the exertion of lifting snow, can significantly tax the heart, she warned.
“It’s almost like an at-risk person is putting themselves through an unsupervised maximal exertion stress test without a cardiologist actively monitoring them,” Sobti told Fox News Digital.
The stress that is placed on one’s heart while shoveling snow is similar to what occurs during a cardiac stress test. (iStock)
In addition to the exertion of shoveling, frigid temperatures can also strain the heart. Recent research has shown that cold exposure accounts for nearly twice as many cardiovascular deaths as heat exposure, including heat exhaustion.
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That study, published in the Annals of Internal Medicine last month, also found that those over age 65 had higher rates of temperature-related deaths.
“So the risk is very, very high,” Sobti cautioned. “It’s really that sudden rise in blood pressure coupled with the physical stress of snow shoveling itself.”
Safer shoveling tips
The cardiologist said it’s ideal to have someone else help with snow removal — but if you do choose to use a shovel, she recommends pacing yourself and using a “pushing or sweeping” motion instead of heavy lifting.
Recent research has shown that cold exposure accounts for nearly twice as many cardiovascular deaths as heat exposure. (iStock)
To protect against the cold, Sobti also recommends covering your mouth, nose and extremities, wearing a hat and gloves, and using extra caution in windy conditions.
Using an automated snow blower can still raise the heart rate — up to 120 beats per minute, compared to 170 while shoveling, the American Heart Association states on its website.
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It is also important to be aware of any symptoms of a potential cardiac issue while shoveling, Sobti emphasized.
If a person starts to experience warning signs such as chest pain, shortness of breath, a racing heart or palpitations, those should not be ignored.
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Even if the symptoms resolve after a few minutes, a person “could still be experiencing symptoms of a heart attack” and should call 911 for evaluation, Sobti said.
“It’s better really to be safe than sorry.”
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