Health
Vaccine protection against moderate illness waned among adolescents, new C.D.C. data suggest.
5 months after immunization, two doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine appeared to supply just about no protection in opposition to reasonable sickness brought on by the Omicron variant — as measured by visits to emergency departments and pressing care clinics — amongst adolescents aged 12 to 17 years, in accordance with knowledge revealed on Tuesday by the Facilities for Illness Management and Prevention.
However booster photographs drastically elevated the safety, lending help to the company’s advice of booster photographs for everybody 12 and older.
The findings have to be interpreted with warning. The company’s research didn’t exclude unvaccinated adolescents who had some immunity from a previous an infection, which can have made vaccination appear much less efficient than it was.
And the researchers provided solely restricted knowledge on hospitalizations, a extra dependable proxy for extreme illness than emergency room and pressing care visits.
“One limitation of this knowledge is that folks might convey their youngsters to an pressing care or emergency division for quite a lot of causes, and vaccine effectiveness by immunocompromised standing, underlying well being standing, or vaccine product haven’t but been examined,” the C.D.C. stated in an announcement.
A number of research have proven that despite the fact that vaccine efficacy in opposition to an infection wanes over time, the immune response stays extremely protecting in opposition to hospitalization and demise, even in opposition to the extremely contagious Omicron variant.
A separate evaluation of knowledge from 29 jurisdictions posted on the C.D.C.’s web site reported 9 Covid-associated deaths amongst vaccinated youngsters and adolescents aged 5 to 17 between early April 2021 and January 2022, in contrast with 121 deaths in unvaccinated youngsters of these ages.
Nonetheless, the findings counsel that scientists should rigorously monitor the vaccine’s efficiency over time in youngsters and adolescents, making an allowance for that boosters could also be wanted.
“We have to see extra of those research to see if that is constant,” stated Deepta Bhattacharya, an immunologist on the College of Arizona. “However I do assume it’s possible, and we must be ready as dad and mom, that it’s going to take one other shot.”
The outcomes tackle specific import for fogeys as college districts nationwide contemplate ending masks mandates. The C.D.C. final week revealed new steerage suggesting that about 70 p.c of Individuals can safely drop their masks in public indoor areas.
Vaccine uptake amongst younger youngsters has been gradual; fewer than one in 4 youngsters aged 5 to 11 are actually totally vaccinated. Greater than half of adolescents 12 to 17 have been totally vaccinated, with two photographs, and about 12 p.c have obtained a 3rd booster dose.
The findings comply with knowledge revealed on Monday exhibiting that two doses provided little safety in opposition to an infection with the Omicron variant in youngsters aged 5 to 11 after only one month. The vaccine has been proven to supply diminishing safety in opposition to an infection even in adults, significantly in opposition to the Omicron variant. New knowledge revealed by the C.D.C. on its web site replicate this development.
Within the new research, the researchers analyzed knowledge on 39,217 visits to emergency departments and pressing care clinics and 1,699 hospitalizations amongst youngsters aged 5 to 17 years in 10 states, from April 9, 2021, to Jan. 29, 2022.
In youngsters aged 5 to 11, the vaccine’s skill to stop reasonable sickness dropped to 46 p.c about two months after full vaccination (two weeks after the second shot). A lot of the visits to emergency rooms and pressing care clinics occurred in the course of the Omicron surge, when older youngsters and adults additionally had been extra susceptible than that they had been earlier within the pandemic.
The vaccine’s effectiveness in opposition to reasonable sickness in adolescents held regular in the course of the Delta period. However 150 days after full vaccination, effectiveness dropped sharply to 38 p.c in adolescents aged 12 to fifteen years, and to 46 p.c in these aged 16 and 17 years.
When the researchers analyzed knowledge particularly for defense within the Omicron period, safety in opposition to reasonable sickness all however disappeared in adolescents who had been vaccinated greater than 150 days earlier. However a 3rd vaccine dose restored effectiveness to 81 p.c.
The findings are in keeping with these from research of adults exhibiting that the vaccine’s effectiveness in opposition to an infection and delicate sickness declined sharply over time, significantly after the arrival of the Omicron variant.
Effectiveness is a comparability between safety in vaccinated and unvaccinated teams of individuals. However as extra of the inhabitants good points immunity by means of an infection, it turns into tougher to realize a real image of vaccine effectiveness, stated Paul Offit, director of the Vaccine Training Heart at Youngsters’s Hospital of Philadelphia and an adviser to the Meals and Drug Administration.
“Are we evaluating apples to apples after we say that the vaccine efficacy goes down?” he stated.
Safety in opposition to extreme sickness was nonetheless tougher to parse. There have been too few hospitalizations within the youthful youngsters to attract agency conclusions. Amongst adolescents who had been vaccinated greater than 150 days earlier, effectiveness in opposition to extreme sickness remained robust, at 70 p.c or larger.
However most of these hospitalizations occurred in the course of the Delta period, so the info don’t present a window into the effectiveness in opposition to hospitalization because the Omicron variant arrived and unfold.
The C.D.C. recommends booster photographs for Individuals aged 12 and older. Pfizer and BioNTech are evaluating the advantage of a 3rd dose in youthful youngsters.
Health
‘Approaching the Light’: Peter Fenwick and Stories of Near-Death Experiences
I didn’t fully understand the limits of my body until this past June, when I fell down my fire escape and floated outside myself in a near-death experience, much like the ones Peter Fenwick — a psychiatrist who researched end-of-life phenomena — documented over the course of his career. (Dr. Fenwick died on Nov. 22 at 89.)
I was at my own housewarming party, standing on the fire escape with two friends, when I fell, tumbling around 12 feet and hitting my head. I lost consciousness for several minutes.
As my friends tell it, the paramedics arrived quickly, detached the screen from a window on the second floor and hauled me downstairs in a stretcher. As they loaded me into the ambulance, I rose above myself and watched the fanfare: the concerned neighbors stepping into the street; the pale pink of sunset; my own body, small and far away in the stretcher as my roommate held my palm and my friend held my ankle. Their touch snapped me back into consciousness. I immediately felt pain and begged for water.
It wasn’t the first time I’d had what felt like an out-of-body experience. When I was a teenager, I became fascinated by astral projection — intentional out-of-body travel — and began to put it into practice at night. One evening, I hurtled toward the ceiling and watched myself sleep. A line tugged out from my sternum to my belly button. It resembled an umbilical cord: silver and long as a rope.
I had a similar sensation after my fall, albeit without the cord. The doctors diagnosed a severe concussion, and I spent the next three weeks recovering in my new home. At first, I struggled to derive meaning from my sudden proximity to death. Then I thought about fragility — and the thousands of minute ways humans evade death every day without knowing it — and my experience concretized into a newfound appreciation of our bodies’ capacity for self-preservation and a diminished fear of death.
I was reminded of my near-death experience when I learned that The New York Times, where I work, would be publishing Dr. Fenwick’s obituary.
His 1995 book, “The Truth in the Light,” which he wrote with his wife, Elizabeth, included anecdotes from more than 300 people who recounted having near-death experiences — which he categorized with labels like “out of the body,” “approaching the light,” “meeting relatives” and “the life review.” Below are some of the stories he collected.
Meeting Relatives
In 1987, Dawn Gillott was in a hospital in England with microplasma pneumonia and undergoing emergency surgery in the intensive therapy unit when she suddenly felt herself floating above her body and through a tunnel, where she came upon an open field.
There was a bench seat on the right where my Grampi sat (he had been dead seven years). I sat next to him. He asked me how I was and the family. I said I was happy and content and all my family were fine.
He said he was worried about my son; my son needed his mother. I told Grampi I didn’t want to go back, I wanted to stay with him. But Grampi insisted I go back for my children’s sake. I then asked if he would come for me when my time came. He started to answer, “Yes, I will be back in four —” then my whole body seemed to jump. I look around and saw I was back in the I.T.U.
Approaching the Light
Avon Pailthorpe was driving on a dark, rainy day in 1986 when her car aquaplaned and she went into a spin. She then felt herself shooting, head first, into a tunnel.
As the tunnel began to lighten, there were presences. They were not people and I didn’t see anything but I was aware of their minds. They were debating whether I should go back. This is what made me so safe; I knew that I had absolutely no responsibility to make any decision. This is an almost unknown situation for me, and it was wonderfully liberating. I also knew I could not influence what decision they made, but that whatever it should be it would be right.
The Life Review
Allan Pring was given anesthesia while undergoing minor surgery in 1979 and quickly lost consciousness.
I experienced the review of my life which extended from early childhood and included many occurrences that I had completely forgotten. My life passed before me in a momentary flash but it was entire, even my thoughts were included. Some of the contents caused me to be ashamed but there were one or two I had forgotten about of which I felt quite pleased. All in all, I knew that I could have lived a much better life but it could have been a lot worse.
Amisha Padnani contributed research.
Health
Texas officials say dead birds found in early January tested positive for bird flu
Texas officials confirmed Wednesday that highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI or bird flu) has been detected in Austin-Travis County after tests were performed on dead birds discovered in North Austin earlier this month.
The Austin Public Health Department and Texas Department of State Health Services said the tests on the deceased birds were conducted by an area veterinary lab, which detected the virus.
Austin Public Health issued the advisory Wednesday as a reminder to the public that people who work with infected wild birds, poultry or dairy cows are at a greater risk of contracting the virus if they are exposed to a sick or infected dead animal.
While bird flu typically affects wild birds, especially waterfowl, and domestic poultry, over 60 human cases of bird flu have been detected across the U.S.
BIRD FLU PATIENT HAD VIRUS MUTATIONS, SPARKING CONCERN ABOUT HUMAN SPREAD
A patient in Louisiana who had been hospitalized with the first human case of bird flu died Monday, according to the Louisiana Department of Health (LDH).
The unidentified patient was over 65 and was reported to have underlying medical conditions, the agency said.
The same patient was found to have a mutated version of the virus, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced last week, suggesting bird flu could potentially spread from human to human.
LOUISIANA REPORTS FIRST BIRD FLU-RELATED HUMAN DEATH IN US
Both the CDC and the LDH maintain that the risk to the public remains low.
Officials did caution, however, that those who come in contact with birds, poultry or cows are at a higher risk of contracting the virus.
As of Friday, there were 66 confirmed human cases of bird flu, including the Louisiana case, according to the CDC. Of those, 37 were in California, 11 in Washington state and 10 in Colorado.
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Around 40 of the cases were related to exposure to cattle herds.
Avian influenza is a highly contagious virus that can spread through contact with infected animals, by equipment and on the clothing and shoes of caretakers, according to the Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development.
Austin health officials encourage anyone who comes across a sick or dead bird to contact the Texas Animal Health Commission at 800-550-8242. The officials also encourage anyone with a sick or dead pet bird to contact a veterinarian.
Fox News Digital’s Louis Casiano contributed to this report.
Health
6 tips to reduce alcohol use and cancer risk after surgeon general's warning
U.S. Surgeon General Dr. Vivek Murthy warned in a recent advisory about alcohol use increasing cancer risk.
The advisory notes that alcohol can increase the risk of throat, liver, esophageal, mouth, larynx (voice box), colon and rectal cancers, making it the “third leading preventable cause of cancer” in the U.S.
This guidance follows the rise of the “sober curious” trend, with younger generations scaling back on how much they drink or choosing not to partake at all.
ALCOHOL LINKED TO CANCER RISK IN US SURGEON GENERAL’S NEW ADVISORY
For those who are interested in curbing their alcohol use, here are six tips on how to do so safely.
1. Analyze your alcohol dependence
Alcohol is “one of the most serious substances” when it comes to detoxification, sometimes requiring medical hospitalization to manage withdrawal symptoms, according to Dr. Chris Tuell, clinical director at the Lindner Center of HOPE in Mason, Ohio.
“If you are one of the 40% of Americans who is trying to stop alcohol use, sometimes it may be necessary to seek counseling services.”
Tuell, who is also an associate professor at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, recommended speaking to a primary care physician before discontinuing years of extreme alcohol use.
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Dr. Adi Jaffe, PhD, CEO of addiction recovery platform IGNTD in Los Angeles, noted that in some cases, it may be “medically inadvisable to just quit” if alcohol dependence is severe.
“You must consult with a medical professional before stopping,” said Jaffe, author of the book “Unhooked.” “This is especially true if you get tremors, shaking or sweatiness when you don’t drink, even for a day or two.”
“Those are markers of somebody who’s more likely to have a grand mal seizure if they just stop cold turkey.”
2. Set clear goals and track patterns
For people who haven’t had a “necessarily problematic” relationship with alcohol and are just looking to cut back, Tuell recommended setting clear goals to get there.
DRINKING ALCOHOL IS LINKED TO CANCER, EXPERTS SAY
“With any behaviors that you plan to change, what are clear, realistic and specific goals on how much or how often you plan to drink?” he asked.
“Perhaps you have the goal of only drinking on weekends, or perhaps you limit the amount of alcohol to two drinks per occasion.”
Tuell suggested tracking your drinking by keeping a journal of when, where and how much you drink.
“This helps to identify patterns or triggers that may be associated with your mood, such as work stress or family stress and anxieties,” he said.
Planning alcohol-free days and then gradually increasing the number of those days each week can be effective, the expert added.
3. Avoid triggers and find alternatives
After tracking when, where and how much you drink, it may become clear what triggers you to drink.
Tuell encouraged identifying these situations, emotions and behaviors and finding alternative ways to handle them.
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“These triggers will frequently lead to behaviors that give us relief and/or a reward, and many times it is not a healthy way of coping,” he said.
“Choose non-alcoholic beverages in social settings … like sparkling water, mocktails or herbal teas, to satisfy the habit of having a drink … or avoid places where heavy drinking occurs.”
Jaffe commented that focusing on less drinking won’t be as effective as drinking something else, like a non-alcoholic drink, or doing a different activity instead.
SEVERE HEALTH RISKS OF VAPING AND E-CIGARETTES, ESPECIALLY FOR YOUTH, SAY EXPERTS
Tuell agreed that finding a healthier alternative to bad behaviors is a good way to stop them.
This could include stress-relieving practices like exercising, reading, journaling or spending more time with supportive friends.
Movement, mindfulness exercises and meditation can also be helpful practices throughout the day, according to Jaffe.
“You can do those practices while you’re brushing your teeth or while you’re making your coffee,” he said. “Meditation practices as short as five or 10 minutes can have an incredible impact on your stress response in life.”
4. Change your environment
Removing temptations from your environment is a good way to prevent reaching for them, according to experts.
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Tuell suggested removing alcohol from your home or limiting activities that make it more accessible, such as hanging out at bars.
“Smell is the strongest of the five senses connected to memory,” he added.
Jaffe agreed that environment “plays a massive role” in how people interact with alcohol.
“If you’re looking to reduce your drinking … having other people who are participating in the journey with you will go a long way toward helping you meet your goals of reduction.”
5. Practice saying ‘no’ and surround yourself with support
The social pressures of drinking can be a trigger, but learning to say “no” is powerful. Tuell recommended being prepared with a “polite but firm” response in situations where you might feel pressured to drink.
‘I’M A PSYCHOLOGIST – HERE’S HOW TO FINALLY BREAK YOUR BAD HABITS’
This can be as simple as, “No, thanks, I’m taking a break from drinking” or “I’m good, thanks.”
Tuell advises surrounding yourself with supportive individuals, like trusted friends or family members with whom you can share your goals.
He also suggested joining a support group, “like Alcoholics Anonymous, SMART Recovery, Celebrate Recovery or Women for Sobriety.”
“If you are one of the 40% of Americans who is trying to stop alcohol use, sometimes it may be necessary to seek counseling services.”
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Tuell also mentioned that methods like cognitive behavioral therapy can be effective.
6. Be kind to yourself
Reflecting on the reasons you’re looking to reduce alcohol intake — whether it’s to improve your health, save money, strengthen relationships or another motivating factor — can help keep you on the right path, according to Tuell.
“Setbacks are normal. So be kind to yourself and focus on progress, not perfection.”
He also encouraged celebrating milestones by enjoying something non-alcohol-related, such as a massage, a round of golf, a shopping trip or another fun outing.
“To make changes, it takes time,” Tuell said. “Setbacks are normal. So be kind to yourself and focus on progress, not perfection.”
While about 40% of people quit their New Year’s resolutions before the end of January, according to Jaffe, the specialist said it’s important to not be discouraged by slip-ups.
“Learn from it and just keep going,” he advised.
“If you keep moving forward one step at a time, you will get to a point where you’re drinking substantially less.”
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