Health
Pope Francis’ death after respiratory illness: What to know about bilateral pneumonia

Following the Vatican’s announcement of Pope Francis’ death on April 21, doctors are speaking about the health conditions he faced in recent months.
The Catholic faith leader, who died at the age of 88, had been under medical care for bilateral pneumonia — a diagnosis that was confirmed via laboratory tests and chest X-rays — since February.
“The polymicrobial infection, which arose on a picture of bronchiectasis and asmatiform bronchitis, and which required the use of antibiotic cortisone therapy, makes the therapeutic treatment more complex,” the Vatican said in a statement at the time.
POPE FRANCIS DIAGNOSED WITH BILATERAL PNEUMONIA, VATICAN SAYS
“The chest CT scan that the Holy Father underwent this afternoon … demonstrated the onset of bilateral pneumonia that required further pharmacological therapy.”
Pope Francis leads a Mass in St. Peter’s Square on Feb. 9, 2025 in Vatican City. (Alessandra Benedetti – Corbis/Corbis via Getty Images)
In an appearance on “Fox & Friends” on Monday morning, Fox News senior medical analyst Dr. Marc Siegel shared his knowledge surrounding the pope’s passing.
“What I heard from inside sources … I heard there was a respiratory failure event this morning … where he was unable to catch his breath. We don’t know what caused that.”
“It was likely due to another asthma-type event like he had in the hospital,” Siegel surmised.
“I heard there was a respiratory failure event this morning … where he was unable to catch his breath. We don’t know what caused that.”
“But … there are other things that may have occurred. When you have been sedentary for over a month like that, and then you go home and try to get up and engage in therapy, a lot of things can go wrong at that point.”
Prior to his bilateral pneumonia diagnosis, Pope Francis had been hospitalized to treat bronchitis, a condition that can lead to pneumonia.
What is bilateral pneumonia?
Pneumonia is defined by Cleveland Clinic as an infection in the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi.
This can cause the lung tissue to swell and create a buildup of fluid or pus in the lungs.
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Bilaterial pneumonia, also known as double pneumonia, occurs in both lungs at the same time.
The said the risk of bilateral pneumonia depends on the underlying health conditions of the patient and the strength of the person’s immune system, according to Siegel.

Pneumonia is defined as an infection in the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi. (iStock)
“It also depends on the bacteria — is it a resistant, aggressive form like pseudomonas, or strep or pneumococcus?” he told Fox News Digital.
Bacterial vs. viral pneumonia
Most cases of community-acquired pneumonia are bacterial or viral.
Bacterial pneumonia is normally more severe than viral pneumonia, according to Cleveland Clinic.
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It can be caused by an infection of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria, also called pneumococcal disease. Other bacteria that can cause the respiratory condition include mycoplasma pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Legionella (Legionnaires’ disease), per the above source.

Most cases of community-acquired pneumonia are bacterial or viral. (iStock)
Bacterial pneumonia is treated with antibiotics.
Viral pneumonia can sometimes stem from viruses that include the flu, common cold, COVID-19 and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), according to Cleveland Clinic.
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This type of pneumonia typically improves on its own.
In less common cases, some fungi (molds) or protozoa can cause pneumonia.

Pope Francis holds his homily during the weekly General Audience at the Paul VI Hall on Feb. 12, 2025, in Vatican City. (REUTERS/Ciro De Luca/File Photo)
“The biggest concern is that it could spread into the bloodstream and cause sepsis, which is definitely life-threatening,” Siegel cautioned.
The condition is also more dangerous for the elderly, the doctor added.

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Most sleep-deprived cities in US revealed in report: Where does yours rank?

Where you live could affect how you sleep at night.
New research from Innerbody revealed that some areas of the country are more sleep-deprived than others.
The study used data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other benchmarks from the 100 most populous cities in the U.S., ranking each on sleep duration and quality.
HERE’S WHY 90% OF AMERICANS DON’T SLEEP THROUGH THE NIGHT, ACCORDING TO EXPERT
For each city, the researchers analyzed the prevalence of five metrics — physical activity, obesity, alcohol consumption, mental distress, and noise and light pollution — all of which can impact sleep quality.
Researchers analyzed how physical activity, obesity, alcohol consumption, mental distress, and noise and light pollution impact sleep across the country. (iStock)
Below are the top 10 most sleep-deprived cities, according to the study results.
- Norfolk, Virginia
- New Orleans, Louisiana
- Detroit, Michigan
- Toledo, Ohio
- Cincinnati, Ohio
- Indianapolis, Indiana
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Laredo, Texas
- Cleveland, Ohio
- Memphis, Tennessee
The researchers noted that many of these cities are in the eastern half of the U.S., and Ohio appears multiple times.
HEAT EXPOSURE LINKED TO BETTER SLEEP, EXPERTS SAY — HERE’S WHY
While these cities ranked as the most overall sleep-deprived, Honolulu, Hawaii, placed No. 1 for worst sleep duration, with 42.3% of adults getting fewer than seven hours of shuteye per night.
That’s followed by Norfolk, Virginia; New Orleans, Louisiana; Detroit, Michigan; and Huntsville, Alabama.

Norfolk, Virginia, is the No. 1 most sleep-deprived city, research shows. (iStock)
Memphis, Tennessee, ranked No. 1 for the city with the worst sleep quality, followed by New Orleans, Louisiana; Norfolk, Virginia; Cincinnati, Ohio; and Corpus Christi, Texas.
JUST ONE NIGHT OF POOR SLEEP COULD HAVE THESE SURPRISING HEALTH EFFECTS
The study also identified the country’s least sleep-deprived cities, listed below.
- Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Seattle, Washington
- San Jose, California
- Madison, Wisconsin
- Boise, Idaho
- St. Paul, Minnesota
- Denver, Colorado
- Lincoln, Nebraska
- Oakland, California
- San Francisco, California
The researchers commented that cooler temperatures in some of these locations could boost sleep quality.

Newark, New Jersey, suffers the most in sleep quality due to light and sound pollution, the study found. (iStock)
Sleep expert Wendy Troxel, PhD – a RAND Corporation senior behavioral specialist and licensed clinical psychologist in Utah – confirmed in an interview with Fox News Digital that, per her own research, location can have an impact on sleep.
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“It’s often said that your zip code can influence your health as much as your genetic code,” she said. “Together, these results highlight that this saying holds true for sleep health as well.”
“It’s often said that your zip code can influence your health as much as your genetic code.”
Troxel’s latest research, published in the journal Sleep Health, showed that improving sleep health requires “moving beyond individual-focused approaches and considering broader strategies” in relation to neighborhoods, she said.
This includes investing in neighborhood improvements to enhance sleep quality and overall population health.
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“Considering the strong connection between sleep health issues and preventable chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease, diabetes and stroke, our findings suggest that interventions aimed at improving neighborhood conditions could yield significant benefits,” she added.
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