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Here’s the age when strength and fitness begin fading, long-term data shows

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Here’s the age when strength and fitness begin fading, long-term data shows

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Physical decline does not wait for old age. 

A new study tracked the same people for nearly half a century, finding that measurable drops in fitness and strength begin at around age 35 and continue gradually through midlife.

The study is based on the Swedish “Physical Activity and Fitness” cohort, which began in 1971 with participants born in 1958. Researchers enrolled 427 people, a mix of men and women, and tested the same individuals repeatedly over a 47-year span, according to a press release.

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Models were used to estimate age- and sex-specific changes in the original cohort during the study period.

The follow-up examinations took place at several points across adulthood, allowing the Karolinska Institutet researchers to observe changes within individuals rather than relying on comparisons between different age groups, the release stated.

Researchers followed the same individuals for nearly 50 years, allowing them to track real changes within people as they aged. (iStock)

At each examination, participants underwent standardized physical testing conducted by trained professionals. Aerobic fitness was measured using tests that assessed peak oxygen uptake, a common indicator of cardiovascular capacity.

Muscle strength and muscular endurance were evaluated through controlled performance tests, including grip strength and repetitive movement tasks. Height, weight and other basic physical measures were also recorded, and participants provided information about their physical activity habits.

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By using the same tests over time, the researchers were able to track long-term trends in physical performance.

Physical performance peaked in early adulthood and then declined gradually across multiple measures, including aerobic fitness and muscle strength. (iStock)

The results showed that physical performance peaks in early adulthood and begins to decline around the mid-30s.

This decline was observed across multiple measures, including aerobic fitness and muscle strength, and continued steadily into later adulthood, the researchers shared.

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While individuals who were physically active tended to retain higher overall fitness levels, activity did not completely prevent age-related decline. 

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Even so, the data showed that participants who increased their activity levels later in life improved their physical capacity by roughly 5% to 10%, demonstrating that the body remains responsive to exercise beyond peak years.

Study limitations

The study, which was published in the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, consisted of individuals who were born in the same year and were living in Sweden. 

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This may limit how the findings apply to other populations with different social, environmental or genetic backgrounds, the researchers acknowledged.

The data showed that participants who increased their activity levels later in life improved their physical capacity by roughly 5% to 10%. (iStock)

As with any long-term study, some participants dropped out over time, which could affect how well the sample reflects the original population. 

Also, physical performance was measured at specific intervals, so short-term fluctuations between testing periods were not captured.

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In addition, while physical activity was associated with better outcomes, the observational nature of the study means other factors such as diet, occupation or health conditions may also have influenced results, the researchers stated.

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The team plans to continue following the cohort as the participants grow older, with the goal of linking changes in physical capacity to health outcomes later in life.

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Another state bans ‘gas station heroin’ as officials warn of deadly risks

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Another state bans ‘gas station heroin’ as officials warn of deadly risks

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Top stories

→ ‘Gas station heroin’ banned in another state amid nationwide crackdowns

→ New COVID variant spreads across US as CDC raises concerns

→ The real reasons you’re still exhausted after 8 hours of sleep

FDA Commissioner Martin Makary says tianeptine poses a “dangerous and growing health trend.” (Markus Scholz/picture alliance via Getty Images)

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Conversation-starters

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→ Cannabis benefits called into question in major study

→ ‘Call a Boomer’ payphones help cure loneliness across generations

Along a bustling sidewalk in Boston, a bright yellow payphone invites folks to “Call a Boomer.” (Matter Neuroscience)

Food for thought 

→ Eating meat tied to lower dementia risk, study suggests

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→ Stomach issues might have nothing to do with eating habits

→ Why your sugar cravings won’t go away, even after cutting sweets

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Dementia risk signals could lie in simple blood pressure readings, researchers say

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Dementia risk signals could lie in simple blood pressure readings, researchers say

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Simple measurements taken during routine blood pressure checks could predict dementia risk years before symptoms appear.

That’s according to new research presented this week at the American College of Cardiology’s Annual Scientific Session in Louisiana.

The findings draw on two studies led by researchers at Georgetown University, which suggest that monitoring how blood vessels age and stiffen over time can provide a window into future cognitive health.

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Data shows rates of dementia and aging-related cognitive decline are expected to increase as populations age, and half of U.S. adults have high blood pressure (hypertension).

Scientists believe that efforts to better address hypertension, a key contributor to heart disease and a risk factor for dementia, could affect both cardiac and brain health.

Data shows rates of dementia and aging-related cognitive decline are expected to increase as populations age. Meanwhile, half of U.S. adults have high blood pressure. (iStock)

“Blood pressure management isn’t just about preventing heart attacks and strokes; it may also be one of the most actionable strategies for preserving cognitive health,” Dr. Newton Nyirenda, the study’s lead author and an epidemiologist at Georgetown University in Washington, said in a press release.

The research focused on two metrics, the pulse pressure-heart rate index and estimated pulse wave velocity. Both were calculated using data collected during standard doctor visits, such as heart rate, age and blood pressure.

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“Blood pressure management isn’t just about preventing heart attacks and strokes; it may also be one of the most actionable strategies for preserving cognitive health.”

Researchers examined five years of data patterns for more than 8,500 people in the SPRINT trial, a large study of adults 50 years and older with hypertension. In the follow-up, 323 of the participants developed probable dementia.

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In one study, the team found the pulse pressure-heart rate index was a strong independent predictor of dementia risk in adults over 50. For participants under 65, every one-unit increase was associated with a 76% higher risk of developing dementia.

For participants under 65, an increase in the pulse pressure-heart rate index was associated with a 76% higher risk of developing dementia. (iStock)

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The second study found that adults with consistently elevated or rapidly increasing pulse wave velocity were more likely to develop dementia than those with stable velocity, even after accounting for factors like smoking, gender and cardiovascular history.

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“Our findings suggest that vascular aging patterns may provide meaningful insight into future dementia risk,” said Nyirenda. “This reinforces the idea that managing vascular health earlier in life may influence long-term brain health.”

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The team emphasized that clinicians should tailor risk assessments and treatment strategies to the individual.

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Further studies are needed to confirm these parameters and determine whether changing vascular aging trajectories reduces dementia risk. (iStock)

“You don’t want to wait until a patient starts manifesting cognitive decline before you act,” said senior study author Sula Mazimba, an associate professor at the University of Virginia.

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Researchers noted the study could not establish causation. Other limitations included the fact that participants already had hypertension and elevated cardiovascular risk, meaning the findings may not apply to people without those conditions.

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Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to determine whether improving blood vessel health over time could reduce dementia risk.

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Everything You Need To Know About Zepbound for Weight Loss, Including Costs

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Everything You Need To Know About Zepbound for Weight Loss, Including Costs


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What Is Zepbound? Weight-Loss Benefits, Costs and Dosage




















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