Health
American honeymoon hotspot hit by highly contagious illness, health officials warn
While cases of measles continue to spread throughout the U.S., Hawaii is reporting a new type of infectious spread.
Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is on the rise at a “worrying rate” in the Aloha State, the State of Hawaii Department of Health (DOH) confirmed last week in a news release.
As of May 15, there have been 108 cases of pertussis reported, already exceeding the 84 total cases in 2024.
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The DOH labeled pertussis a “highly contagious respiratory disease” that spreads through the air when an infected individual coughs or sneezes.
Symptoms often resemble a cold but can progress to “intense coughing fits.”
Pertussis complications can include pneumonia, seizures, apnea, encephalopathy and death. (iStock)
For children, these coughing fits can be followed by a “deep breath” that makes a “whooping” sound.
“Health complications can be serious and even life-threatening, especially for infants and young children who are not fully vaccinated,” the DOH warned.
Complications can include pneumonia, seizures, apnea, encephalopathy (a disease of the brain) and death.
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The most effective way to prevent pertussis is through vaccination, according to the DOH.
The DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis) vaccine is administered to children under 7 years old and the Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis) vaccine is for older children and adults.
Multiple doses are generally recommended for infants, children and adults.
Hawaii has fallen below national averages in terms of childhood vaccinations, data shows. (iStock)
“High vaccination rates protect individuals and communities and prevent cases from becoming outbreaks,” the agency noted.
“However, vaccination rates for all routinely recommended vaccinations for school entry – including those for measles, pertussis, polio and varicella (chickenpox) – have declined nationally and in Hawaii since 2019.”
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Fox News senior medical analyst Dr. Marc Siegel confirmed that Hawaii is below the national average in terms of childhood vaccines, noting that the DTaP vaccine is “highly effective” in children, with close to 100% protection with appropriate dosages.
“Pertussis is insidious, and can be easily mistaken for other respiratory diseases, including viruses,” Siegel told Fox News Digital.
Children should receive the DTaP vaccine in five doses, starting at two months, with a booster at 4 to 6 years old, doctors suggest. (iStock)
“Pertussis, which is a bacteria, can be treated with antibiotics like doxycycline but is easily missed. The best protection is vaccination, including repeated boosters in teens and adults.”
Siegel explained that the “characteristic whoop” sound among children is caused by clogged airways that are not yet well-developed.
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About one-third of babies under 1 year who contract whooping cough are at risk of hospitalization, according to the doctor.
“The best protection is for everyone around them to be vaccinated,” he said. “Pertussis outbreaks are now connected to a drop-off in early childhood vaccination.”
“Pertussis outbreaks are now connected to a drop-off in early childhood vaccination.”
Neha Pathak, MD, WebMD chief physician editor, echoed that pertussis is “still a significant public health threat,” especially for infants and people with weakened immune systems.
“The DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis) vaccine offers strong protection to children — about 98 out of 100 children are protected for at least a year after the fifth dose, and about 70% are still protected for up to five years,” she said in an interview with Fox News Digital.
For adolescents and adults, the Tdap vaccine is given as a booster that offers 85% protection, “significantly reducing the spread,” according to an expert. (iStock)
While vaccines like measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) can provide lifelong protection, pertussis immunity decreases over time, which means boosters are necessary for adolescents and adults, Pathak noted.
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“The uptick in pertussis cases is concerning, but not surprising given what we are seeing with vaccine hesitancy,” she commented.
“Pregnant women should also get the Tdap vaccine during their third trimester to pass antibodies to their newborns, protecting them before they can be vaccinated,” the doctor suggested.
The Hawaii DOH stressed its “strong” recommendation for children and adults to stay up to date with recommended vaccinations for disease prevention. (iStock)
Hawaii confirmed two cases of measles in early April and concluded there was no further community spread.
Despite the current situation being under control, the health department warned that measles exposure is still a threat among travelers.
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“Measles cases in the United States continue to rise, with more than 1,000 cases already reported across 30 states this year,” the department noted.
“The risk remains high for future travel-related measles cases reaching Hawaii, and DOH recommends continued vigilance and efforts to increase the MMR vaccination rate.”
The DOH stressed its “strong” recommendation for children and adults to stay up to date with recommended vaccinations for disease prevention.
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Doctor reveals what 30 days without alcohol does to the brain and body amid Dry January
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After a season of bingeing and drinking, your body may feel like it needs a break from the party.
Dry January — a modern trend that challenges people to abstain from drinking for the first month of the year — has become a popular way to “detox” from the holidays and start the new year on a healthy note.
Research has linked alcohol to a variety of health conditions, ranging from hangovers to higher cancer risk.
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In a recent podcast episode of “The Dr. Mark Hyman Show,” Dr. Mark Hyman, chief medical officer of Function Health, shared how 30 days of not drinking alcohol can transform health.
Hyman, who is based in Massachusetts, called Dry January a “powerful way to see in real time how alcohol affects nearly every system of your body and how quickly those systems can recover.”
Dry January has become a popular way to “detox” from the holidays and start the new year on a healthy note. (iStock)
Alcohol’s toll on the brain and body
Hyman acknowledged that most people drink to feel happier and more comfortable in social situations. This effect is caused by the main ingredient in alcohol, called ethanol, which can also have toxic effects.
Instead of stimulating the brain, alcohol slows it down and loosens inhibitions. “You feel more relaxed, more social, more confident, maybe you feel a little euphoric,” Hyman said.
Alcohol’s effect on the brain can also lead to poorer decisions and slower reflexes, the doctor cautioned.
Drinking alcohol can cause cognitive decline and brain fog, experts warn. (iStock)
Drinking also impacts the prefrontal cortex of the brain, which Hyman described as “the adult in the room,” responsible for judgment, planning and restraint. “It goes offline early in drinking, which explains why people feel freer or act impulsively when they drink,” he said.
Even moderate drinking can cause metabolic stress, inflammation, impaired detoxification and hormonal shifts, Hyman said, which can impact nearly every organ system in the body.
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Alcohol consumption has also been linked to an increased risk of cancer, metabolic dysfunction, gut microbiome disturbances and mitochondrial toxins.
It can also prevent the body from falling into REM sleep, which is the deep rest recovery period when the immune system cleans out the day’s toxins, according to Hyman.
Alcohol can impact deep rest and mental health, according to experts. (iStock)
Memory loss, cognitive decline, anxiety, sleep disruption, dementia and cardiovascular disease are all known risks of long-term alcohol use, as well as liver complications like fatty liver disease.
“Bottom line, alcohol taxes every major system in your body, especially your liver, your brain, your gut, your hormones,” Hyman said.
The effects of 30 days with no alcohol
The first week after your last drink, the body begins to detoxify and reset, according to Hyman. Blood sugar and cortisol stress hormones level out, and the liver begins to process a “backlog of toxins.” The body also re-hydrates and re-energizes.
The first 30 days with no alcohol allows the body to balance itself out. (iStock)
The second week, the gut and brain will begin to re-balance, as hormones like serotonin and dopamine stabilize, gut inflammation drops and the microbiome begins to heal. Cravings for sugar and alcohol will wane and mental clarity returns, the doctor said.
Week three is marked by further decreases in inflammation, fatty liver and blood pressure. This can be noticeable in the skin, as puffiness and redness are reduced. Mood also begins to stabilize, with lower anxiety levels.
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In week four, the body experiences additional metabolic and immune benefits, Hyman shared, including more insulin sensitivity, which makes it easier to lose weight.
“You have a stronger immune response. You’re not getting sick as much. You have better deep sleep, balanced hormones, especially cortisol and testosterone,” he said. “And you see a big change in energy, confidence and focus.”
Abstaining from alcohol can help restore energy, according to experts. (iStock)
Dr. Pinchieh Chiang, a clinician at Circle Medical in San Francisco, said that Dry January isn’t a “detox,” but rather provides “feedback” from the body.
“It gives the body time to show people how it feels without alcohol. For many, that insight alone changes their relationship with drinking,” she said. “The biggest surprise isn’t what people give up, it’s how much better they feel.”
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The doctor confirmed that the first few days of not drinking may feel harder than expected, sometimes causing restlessness, cravings or disrupted sleep, but Dry January can ultimately change drinking habits for the remainder of the year.
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After a full year without alcohol, Chiang noted that health improvements are more profound. “We see sustained improvements in blood pressure, liver function and inflammation,” she said. “Those changes directly affect long-term heart disease and stroke risk.”
The risks of ‘all or nothing’
Some experts warn that adopting the Dry January trend could strengthen the urge to drink more in the other months, noting that some drinkers may find more success by slowly consuming fewer drinks per week.
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Thomas Stopka, Ph.D., an epidemiologist and professor in the public health and community medicine department at Tufts University School of Medicine in Massachusetts, shared in a Futurity report that for some people, “damp January” may be more suitable.
One expert warned that not all drinkers should quit “cold turkey,” as it could lead to severe withdrawals. (iStock)
“Dry January is well-intentioned, and it may work really well for the people who can stick to it, maybe even beyond January,” he said. “Other people may be more inclined to cut down on alcohol consumption rather than quit drinking completely for the month.”
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Stopka noted that successful harm-reduction approaches “aim to be judgment free.”
“Substance use disorder is a disease,” he said. “It takes time to treat the disease and to stay connected to the continuum of care — from prevention to treatment initiation to sustained therapy, whether through medication, self-help, or individual therapy or group support.”
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Those struggling with signs of alcohol use disorder should consult a medical professional for personalized guidance.
Fox News Digital reached out to several alcohol industry associations requesting comment.
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