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To Better Control Blood Sugar, Look to the Time of Day You Exercise

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To Better Control Blood Sugar, Look to the Time of Day You Exercise
  • New research points to the benefits of exercise timing on blood sugar regulation, pointing to evening exercise as the best option.
  • Researchers say to focus on moderate- to vigorous-intensity exercise done after 6 p.m. to lower blood glucose levels.

Although blood sugar control is essential for those with diabetes, it’s also key for maintaining health overall. Research indicates that blood sugar levels can affect a range of physical functions, including hormone regulation, body composition, digestive processes, and even cognitive health.

That’s why keeping control of blood glucose levels is important, and one way to help might include doing moderate- to vigorous-intensity exercise in the evening, according to a new study in Obesity.

Researchers looked at 186 men and women who were overweight or had obesity and were diagnosed with at least one metabolic impairment, such as high blood pressure or high cholesterol. Over a 14-day period, researchers tracked their physical activity and glucose levels, along with the time of day for exercise. Morning exercise was defined as before noon, with afternoon exercise between noon and 6:00 p.m, and evening exercise after that.

At the end of the two weeks, those who did more than 50 percent of their exercise in the evening had significantly lower glucose levels compared to those who were sedentary, and better glucose regulation than participants who mainly exercised in the mornings or afternoons.

The effects were especially notable for those who’d struggled with regulating their blood sugar before participating in the study, according to co-author Antonia Clavero Jimeno, Ph.D.(c), researcher in the department of physical education and sports at the University of Granada in Spain.

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Although the study participants were specifically chosen based on metabolic factors and sedentary behavior, he told Bicycling that previous evidence has shown that the results might be the same for those without those factors, and who already exercise regularly.

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“In fact, the impact of both physical activity volume and timing for glycemic control may be amplified in those with higher activity levels,” he said.

That’s backed up by previous research looking at active people who were assessed for blood sugar changes based on when they exercised. In that study, published in 2022, those who performed moderate-to-vigorous activity in the afternoon had 18 percent lower insulin resistance compared to morning exercisers, and the evening group fared even better, with a 25 percent reduction in insulin resistance.

One factor that was not explored in either study was the role of dietary changes, and this is an area that needs more research, said Clavero Jimeno. Determining whether a strategy like time-restricted eating—also called intermittent fasting—would be helpful or harmful to glucose regulation when paired with evening exercise is a next step, and is already being studied by Clavero Jimeno and his team.

“Dietary intake is, of course, recognized as crucial for glycemic control, and may influence the results overall,” he said. “But in the absence of that information, this current study does emphasize that if you want better control of your glucose levels, evening exercise, done at a higher intensity, may be beneficial.”

Headshot of Elizabeth Millard

Elizabeth Millard is a freelance writer focusing on health, wellness, fitness, and food. 

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Fitness

Boost Health with Short Bursts of Movement, Expert Advises – Blacksburg Today

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Boost Health with Short Bursts of Movement, Expert Advises – Blacksburg Today
Vibrant neon outlines of simple exercises illustrate how short bursts of movement can unlock significant health benefits.Blacksburg Today

In today’s fast-paced world, finding time for exercise can be a challenge. But Stella Volpe, an expert in human nutrition and exercise, reveals a simple yet effective strategy called ‘minimum effective movement’ – the bare minimum of physical activity needed to improve fitness and health. Research shows that even short, intense bursts of activity can have significant benefits, and Volpe encourages everyone to start small and consistent with activities like taking the stairs or doing squats while waiting.

Why it matters

The ‘minimum effective movement’ approach offers a fresh, accessible perspective on health and fitness, especially for beginners, older adults, those recovering from injuries, and individuals with busy schedules who struggle to fit in traditional workouts. It shows that small bursts of activity throughout the day can add up and make a real difference.

The details

Volpe explains that the ‘minimum effective movement’ concept is different from traditional exercise guidelines, which often focus on long-term health and sustained activity. Instead, it’s about finding the least amount of movement required to see results. Research shows that ‘exercise snacks’ – brief moments of intense activity – can improve cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength, and metabolic health. Volpe suggests paying attention to how you feel during these activities, aiming for a challenging but not overwhelming level of exertion.

  • The article was published on April 11, 2026.

The players

Stella Volpe

A renowned professor and researcher at Virginia Tech, specializing in obesity and diabetes prevention, functional foods, and athletic performance. Her expertise extends to clinical exercise physiology and nutrition.

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What they’re saying

“The concept of ‘minimum effective movement’ is like a secret weapon for those seeking health benefits without the commitment of traditional workouts.”

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— Stella Volpe, Professor, Virginia Tech

“Traditional exercise guidelines often focus on long-term health and sustained activity. But the minimum effective movement approach is different. It’s about finding the least amount of movement required to see results.”

— Stella Volpe, Professor, Virginia Tech

“These brief moments of movement add up and can improve cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength, and metabolic health.”

— Stella Volpe, Professor, Virginia Tech

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What’s next

Volpe encourages everyone to start small and consistent with their minimum effective movement, such as taking the stairs instead of the elevator or doing squats while waiting. She says that over time, people will notice improvements as the same activities become easier.

The takeaway

The ‘minimum effective movement’ approach offers a simple and accessible way for busy people to improve their health and fitness, even with limited time. By incorporating short bursts of activity throughout the day, individuals can see significant benefits without the commitment of traditional workouts.

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Recovery Tools are a Wellness Non-Negotiable—8 Expert-Approved Essentials

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Recovery Tools are a Wellness Non-Negotiable—8 Expert-Approved Essentials

It’s not only athletes that require some serious recovery after exercising—even shorter runs or studio classes can leave anyone with sore muscles that require TLC. Taking care of your body post-workout is just as important as how you prepare for the exercise itself, so having recovery tools that really work on hand is essential.

“The recovery tool market has seen a massive surge over recent years, and it likely will continue to grow. However, it’s important to remember that the academic evidence shows that a hierarchy still exists for recovery, sleep, nutrition and training load. These are then complemented by the tools,” highlights Arj Thiruchelvam, running coach and Performance Physique founder with over 20 years’ experience in elite sport under his belt.

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Fitness

Resistance training works – and it may be easier than you think – Harvard Health

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Resistance training works – and it may be easier than you think – Harvard Health
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

You don’t have to join a gym. Home workouts with resistance bands, body-weight movements, and other routines were just as effective as using gym equipment. The authors also found that you don’t have to work your muscles to the point of complete fatigue.

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