Fitness
How does your smart watch or fitness tracker compare to a gold-standard physiology test?
Dr Richard Alcock’s lungs feel like they’re exploding, but he has to keep pedalling.
A mask is strapped tight to his face to capture every breath he manages to squeeze out over 15 minutes of increasingly intense cycling.
A physiologist is pushing Dr Alcock to his limit: “Treat it like a finish line!”
He manages to respond with only a grunt, and a nod.
He’s testing the maximum amount of oxygen his body can use — his VO2 max — the gold standard indicator of cardiovascular fitness.
All this effort achieved a reading of 62.5 mL/kg/min — it puts Dr Alcock, who works as a cardiologist, close to the Olympic level for his age and gender.
His smart watch shows a reading of 56 mL/kg/min, about 10 per cent off.
Do smart watches give accurate readings?
The difference between the two readings in Dr Alcock’s test is the smart watch hasn’t actually measured his oxygen output.
It estimated the number, based on heart rate and speed.
Smart watches are sold as an easy and accessible way to track your health and fitness, but even the best smart watch falls short of the accuracy required in most medical and scientific settings.
A Spanish study published in 2023 found heart rate readings varied significantly depending on exercise intensity, and whether a subject was moving their arms — for example, cycling versus running.
Another study found wearables overestimate sleep because they depend on body movement – but noted accuracy was improving compared to older models.
Smart watches generally struggle to accurately track metrics like blood pressure and the quality of your sleep.
Step count is relatively accurate among most wearables, and can quite reliably measure how far you’ve run under optimal conditions.
However, errors can compound when devices rely on one reading to calculate another, like using your step count to calculate how many calories you’ve burned.
Are smart watches good for your health?
More than 36 per cent of Australians own a smart wrist wearable, according to a 2023 Telsyte market study.
While they have niche medical uses — like detecting an abnormal heart beat, or atrial fibrillation —they’re primarily marketed as general health and fitness trackers.
Dr Alcock believes smart watches help motivate people to be more active.
“Every day use for the general public, they’re great … I think it’s getting people exercising simply by having the watch.”
Many elite level athletes have also adopted them into their arsenal of tools to help maximise performance, according to Edith Cowan University Professor of Human Performance Sophia Nimphius.
“Elite athletes have a very specific training environment, how much training they’re doing, everything is prescribed,” she said.
That strict environment is why Professor Nimphius believes smart watches and fitness trackers are more beneficial to athletes, rather than the average user.
“The general consumers’ daily training environment is quite dynamic and ever changing,” she said.
“When we’re thinking about the accuracy of something, a lot of people might think, oh five to 10 per cent [off], that’s pretty good.
“We start taking literal, small changes that might be in that margin of error as if it’s a truth — that’s where we run into some issues.
“Some of the measure and metrics of wearables can be as accurate, or inaccurate, as 50 per cent off.”
Professor Nimphius suggests relying on trends in your data over time, rather than obsessing over your daily figures.
However, even then, she warns fitness trackers don’t work for everyone as a health and fitness tool.
“Their watch says maybe they’re having a bad day, or they didn’t sleep well, independent on whether they actually feel that’s true,” she said.
“There’s a psychological component to fully trusting and investing in a number on your watch.”
Where does all your data go?
Professor Nimphius uses a smart watch herself, but urged consumers to be aware of how companies are using their data.
“It’s got our heart rate, it’s got sometimes respiratory rate, it’s got when we are sleeping and how much,” she said.
“All of that information when tied together can really say some intimate things about you.”
She said fitness data tracked by wearables, and other technology, doesn’t have the same regulation as other medical or health records, which leaves it open to misuse.
“We have to start considering whether the combination of all these bits of information of our physiology is indeed health information,” she said.
“If we thought that this was medical data, would we accept that?”
Fitness
Frustrated on not losing weight despite workout and diet? Fitness coach shares 5 hidden signs you are becoming more fit
The weight loss journey is all about consistency and patience. However, moments of disheartening frustration can creep in, leading many to assume it’s not working and even give up in despair. But often, it’s not about big changes, small changes can speak volumes.
Vimal, a nutritionist and fitness coach as per her Instagram bio, shared subtle signs that are actually show your efforts. Even if the scale isn’t showing substantial progress yet, these signs can encourage you to keep going.
Not out of breath after going upstairs
Going breathless after climbing a long flight of stairs is common. But when you see improvement, it means your fitness regime is actually working. She wrote, “This improvement hints at better cardiovascular endurance. As you lose weight and get fitter, your heart and lungs work more efficiently, delivering oxygen to your muscles with less effort. With lower body fat, your body needs less energy to move so activities feel easier.”
More energy
One of the other noticeable benefits of weight loss is how it impacts your overall wellbeing, including your energy levels and mental clarity throughout the day. The fitness coach explained, “Losing weight often means your body is processing food more efficiently, leading to steady blood sugar levels and more stable energy. Improved diet and exercise can boost brain health by improving blood flow which enhances focus and memory.”
ALSO READ: Man who lost 50 kg reveals ‘the most underrated weight loss hack’
Clothes start to fit better
Even if there isn’t a stark visible change in body toning, you might notice that your clothes fit better. The usual tightness is gone, making the clothes more comfortable. She said, “This is a sign of body composition change. Even if the scale isn’t dropping, you may be losing fat while maintaining or gaining lean muscle. Muscles take up less space than fat, so your measurements can change even if your weight stays the same.”
Mental health improvements
Weight loss is not just about physical transformation, it often brings significant emotional and mental health benefits as well. She added, “Exercise and weight loss can increase endorphins also known as “feel good “ hormones which lift mood and reduce stress. Better physical health can also boost self confidence and mental clarity which may lead to improved emotional health.”
Better sleep quality:
The sleep quality improves significantly with the help of a consistent exercise routine and diet. Vimal explained, “Regular exercise and balance diet helps help regulate circadian rhythms making easier to fall asleep and wake up refreshed. Weight loss also reduces sleep apneas risk especially for those with extra body weight around the neck and chest.”
She concluded by emphasizing that the scale is not the sole measure of progress in a weight loss journey, as there are numerous other signs that reflect success beyond just the numbers.
ALSO READ: Say goodbye to your dream body if all you do is walk on a treadmill. Here’s why it gives no ‘real results’
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your doctor with any questions about a medical condition.
Fitness
Step Up! Here's How to Start a Healthy Walking Habit
Breaking up a longer workout into shorter “bouts” of activity can be helpful for beginners, Paluch suggested.
Think about where you are physically, and then progressively increase your walking time from there, Paluch advised.
You might wear a step-counting device for a few days to figure out your baseline steps. Say, it’s about 4,000, which is common, then add about 500 more steps per day for the next week, she suggested.
“Just think about trying to make each increase a habit, right? So, we don’t want to just jump into it and say, we’re going to go out and walk five miles,” Paluch said. “Our goals become more achievable when we think about those in bite-size pieces and, also, we prevent injury.”
Walking at a moderate-to-vigorous intensity is more helpful for someone wanting to incorporate walking into a weight-loss plan, she added.
A 150-pound person who walks briskly will burn about 297 calories per hour, according to the American Cancer Society (ACS).
How many calories can you burn during a 40-minute walk? According to Livestrong, you can burn between 160 calories and 296 calories, depending on your weight and walking speed.
Walking more is best, the ACS suggested, citing a recent study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. That study found more steps were linked to lower death rates from heart disease and cancer.
Mayo Clinic offers tips on starting a 12-week walking schedule, suggesting five minutes of slower-paced walking at the beginning and again at the end of a walking workout to warm up and cool down. It recommends five walking days per week.
A brisk walk means you’re breathing hard, but can still talk, the Mayo Clinic noted. A moderate intensity walk means you can walk, but can’t sing, Paluch said.
A faster pace appears to be important for good health. Harvard Health noted that regular walking reduced risk of heart disease and early death, especially for those who walked at a pace of 3 miles an hour or faster.
Fitness
Scientists Find This Type of Exercise Cuts Heart Disease Risk in Half
- A few short bursts of exercise throughout the day may reduce heart disease risk by 50%, according to new research.
- Women specifically showed the most pronounced effects of short bursts of activity.
- Experts explain the findings.
If you struggle to get your steps in or to find enough time in the day to hit the gym, you’re in luck. New research finds that even a few short bursts of exercise may cut your heart disease risk in half.
A study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine used data from more than 22,000 people between 40 and 79 years old from the UK. These participants wore physical activity trackers for nearly 24 hours a day between 2013 and 2015. Data from hospital and death records were also used to keep track of the participants’ heart health to look for major cardiovascular events, such as heart attack, heart failure, and stroke.
Women, in particular, showed more obvious effects from the short bursts of activity. That is, women who did at least 3.4 minutes of short bursts of vigorous activity per day were found to be 45% less likely to have a major cardiovascular event. When exercising between 1.5 and four minutes a day (with bursts lasting up to one minute), researchers saw an association of a 51% reduced risk for heart attack and a 67% reduced risk for heart failure, compared to those who did not perform this type of exercise.
While women saw the most impact on their heart health, the male participants also saw some benefits of this activity. With a minimum of 2.3 minutes of activity per day, researchers found that men lowered their risk for major cardiovascular events by 11%; performing 5.6 minutes a day of this type of movement saw that men were 16% less likely to experience a major cardiovascular event.
“Making short bursts of vigorous physical activity a lifestyle habit could be a promising option for women who are not keen on structured exercise or are unable to do it for any reason,” study author Emmanuel Stamatakis, Ph.D, director of the Mackenzie Wearable Hub at the Charles Perkins Centre and the Faculty of Medicine and Health at the University of Sydney, said in a statement.
Exercise helps the heart work better, says David Sagbir, M.D., board-certified cardiologist and spokesperson for Avocados-Love One Today. “Regular physical activity strengthens the heart muscle and improves blood flow which can help reduce risk factors for developing heart disease such as lowering blood pressure, managing cholesterol levels, helping regulate blood sugar, and impacting visceral adipose tissue—the type of body fat that surrounds organs and can increase our risk of heart disease,” he explains.
So if you want to focus on boosting heart health, Dr. Sagbir says that the best exercise for reducing heart disease risk is aerobic—the kind that increases your heart rate and gets you breathing more heavily. “I am a big fan of getting your heart pumping and circulation going with a daily walk,” he advises. And, as Dr. Sagbir points out, every micro-walk counts.
Walking is a proven means of reducing many of the major risk factors of heart disease, including blood sugar, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and a high body mass index, Dr. Sagbir continues. “In addition to the cardiovascular benefits, improvements in cognitive function and memory, mood and stress, as well as longevity have all been documented,” he says (and recent research shows that walking could even add over a decade to your life!). Walking calls for no equipment, does not require a gym membership, and is adaptable to busy lifestyles, which is why Dr. Sagbir highly recommends getting your steps in.
In addition to walking, Cheng-Han Chen, M.D., board-certified interventional cardiologist and medical director of the Structural Heart Program at MemorialCare Saddleback Medical Center, recommends jogging, taking the stairs, biking, and swimming/water aerobics. “It is also helpful to incorporate some strength training, as this also helps to improve the function of blood vessels,” he advises.
The bottom line
This study shows that even small amounts of higher-intensity exercise, just a few minutes at a time, can potentially provide a significant benefit to heart health, says Dr. Chen. “These are activities that can be incorporated into even a busy schedule. One can take brisk one-to-two-minute walks up and down the stairs, or get exercise through normal daily activities such as carrying heavy groceries,” he explains.
These findings are also compelling because of changes that take place during the menopause transition and how exercise may be particularly beneficial to women in this life stage, notes Dr. Sagbir. “Women experience changes during the menopausal transition that put them at greater risk for heart disease,” he says. For example, high blood pressure, a major risk factor for heart disease, significantly increases after menopause, he explains.
To reduce heart disease risk, Dr. Chen recommends engaging in regular physical activity, eating a nutritious balanced diet, getting an adequate amount of quality sleep, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding tobacco and alcohol, and managing blood pressure and cholesterol numbers.
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