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How does your smart watch or fitness tracker compare to a gold-standard physiology test?

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How does your smart watch or fitness tracker compare to a gold-standard physiology test?

Dr Richard Alcock’s lungs feel like they’re exploding, but he has to keep pedalling.

A mask is strapped tight to his face to capture every breath he manages to squeeze out over 15 minutes of increasingly intense cycling.

A physiologist is pushing Dr Alcock to his limit: “Treat it like a finish line!”

He manages to respond with only a grunt, and a nod.

Cardiologist Richard Alcock testing his VO2 max while cycling.(
ABC News: Cason Ho
)
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He’s testing the maximum amount of oxygen his body can use — his VO2 max — the gold standard indicator of cardiovascular fitness.

All this effort achieved a reading of 62.5 mL/kg/min — it puts Dr Alcock, who works as a cardiologist, close to the Olympic level for his age and gender.

His smart watch shows a reading of 56 mL/kg/min, about 10 per cent off.

Do smart watches give accurate readings?

The difference between the two readings in Dr Alcock’s test is the smart watch hasn’t actually measured his oxygen output.

It estimated the number, based on heart rate and speed.

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Smart watches are sold as an easy and accessible way to track your health and fitness, but even the best smart watch falls short of the accuracy required in most medical and scientific settings.

A watch with a digital screen on a man's wrist with numbers on it.

Even the best smart watch falls short of the accuracy required in medical settings.(
ABC News: Cason Ho
)

A Spanish study published in 2023 found heart rate readings varied significantly depending on exercise intensity, and whether a subject was moving their arms — for example, cycling versus running.

Another study found wearables overestimate sleep because they depend on body movement – but noted accuracy was improving compared to older models.

Smart watches generally struggle to accurately track metrics like blood pressure and the quality of your sleep.

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Step count is relatively accurate among most wearables, and can quite reliably measure how far you’ve run under optimal conditions.

However, errors can compound when devices rely on one reading to calculate another, like using your step count to calculate how many calories you’ve burned.

Are smart watches good for your health?

More than 36 per cent of Australians own a smart wrist wearable, according to a 2023 Telsyte market study.

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Fitness

Taylor Swift’s fitness strategy that made 632 days long Eras Tour possible: Her exercise routine to stay energized

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Taylor Swift’s fitness strategy that made 632 days long Eras Tour possible: Her exercise routine to stay energized
Taylor Swift’s Eras Tour was a feat few artists could imagine. Spanning 632 days from March 2023 to December 2024, the tour included 149 shows across five continents and became the highest-grossing tour in history. Behind the glittering performances, Swift relied on an intense and meticulously planned exercise routine to sustain the stamina required for her marathon three-and-a-half-hour concerts.

Preparing for a Physical Marathon

Before the tour began, Swift recognized the physical challenge she was about to face. “I never would’ve believed you if you told me we were doing a three-and-a-half-hour show. Saying it is one thing, doing it is another,” she admitted in the Disney+ docuseries The End of an Era. For comparison, her longest previous show had lasted just two hours and 15 minutes.

To meet these demands, Swift began training six months ahead of her first rehearsal. Her daily treadmill sessions mirrored the tempo of the songs she would perform live, with faster tracks prompting running and slower songs calling for brisk walks or light jogging. “You just don’t want them to see you panting,” she explained to TIME.

Strength and Conditioning Regimen

While cardio built endurance, strength training ensured she could perform high-energy choreography without fatigue. Under the guidance of longtime trainer Kirk Myers, Swift tackled exercises such as battle ropes, medicine ball throws, assisted pull-ups, sledgehammer workouts, leg raises, and Russian twists. Myers described her as “the most resilient person I have ever met,” highlighting her ability to persevere through challenging workouts.

Swift’s humor surfaced even during difficult exercises. “In no way do I ever apply this … at any point in the show, I just want to flag that as I do every time I have to do pull-ups. Strong dislike. Two thumbs down,” she said, referring to resistance band-assisted pull-ups. She jokingly attributed her increasing strength to “all the pent-up rage and resentment” she felt toward the moves.

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Dance Training and On-Stage Precision

Beyond the gym, Swift committed three months to dance rehearsals with choreographer Mandy Moore to ensure every move was second nature. “I wanted to be so over-rehearsed that I could be silly with the fans, and not lose my train of thought,” she shared with TIME. The precision extended to rapid costume changes, often completed in under 1 minute and 15 seconds, with the fastest taking just 39 seconds.

Swift ran an estimated eight miles per show while performing over 40 songs that spanned her musical eras. High-cardio sections, including the 1989 and Reputation sets, were particularly demanding. Yet she described the physical challenge as secondary to the personal purpose the tour provided, especially during a period marked by two breakups.

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Fitness

I’ve been doing this standing exercise for six months and it’s transformed my core strength

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I’ve been doing this standing exercise for six months and it’s transformed my core strength

I’ve been working out for years and I can do sit-ups in my sleep—but I still struggle to activate my core.

I’ve always found it difficult to build strength in this area, until a trainer recommended trying a standing exercise called the Pallof press.

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Fitness

Body awareness is fundamental to longevity, according to an expert trainer—here’s how to improve yours

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Body awareness is fundamental to longevity, according to an expert trainer—here’s how to improve yours

For most of us, the way to increase your chances of living for longer in good health is pretty straightforward.

Strength training, cardio work and flexibility routines can all improve your longevity, but according to trainer Eloise Skinner, there’s something else that’s fundamental to aging well: body awareness.

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