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Cognitive benefits from high-intensity interval training may last for years – Harvard Health

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Cognitive benefits from high-intensity interval training may last for years – Harvard Health

Engaging in regular exercise is linked to multiple health benefits, including maintaining cognitive abilities and perhaps reducing the risk of dementia.

Results from a study published online July 8, 2024, by Aging and Disease suggest high-intensity interval training (HIIT) may be better for brain health than other, less vigorous routines. HIIT workouts consist of repeated cycles of short bursts of high-intensity exercise followed by brief “recovery” periods of lower-intensity movement.

In the study, researchers enrolled 151 healthy adults, ages 65 to 86, in a six-month exercise program. Participants underwent a battery of tests to assess function in the hippocampus — the brain area associated with learning and memory. Everyone was randomly assigned to do one of three half-hour exercise routines: balance and stretching, brisk walking on a treadmill, or four HIIT cycles on a treadmill. (Each HIIT cycle consisted of four minutes at 85% to 95% of a person’s maximum heart rate, followed by three minutes of recovery.)

Everyone did approximately 30-minute workouts three days a week for about six months, for a total of 72 sessions. On repeat testing, only the HIIT exercisers showed positive changes in hippocampus functioning compared to their initial evaluation. At a follow-up evaluation five years later, the researchers found that again only the people in the HIIT group retained their improved cognitive function, even if they were no longer doing HIIT.


Image: © VioletaStoimenova/Getty Images

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Fitness

Winter Work Outs: Beware Of Vigorous Exercise That Can Harm Your Knees And Back

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Winter Work Outs: Beware Of Vigorous Exercise That Can Harm Your Knees And Back

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Winter is the peak season for preventable injuries, especially among people who go from zero to beast mode without warming up properly.

It is important to focus on the basics while working, especially in winter months

It is important to focus on the basics while working, especially in winter months

Winter and year-end have that weird motivational magic: the cold hits, the guilt kicks in, and suddenly everyone wants to “fix their fitness” overnight. Gyms fill up, running tracks get busy, and people jump straight from hibernation mode to high-intensity everything. And honestly? That’s where most winter workout injuries begin.

If you’ve ever felt your knees crack louder than your New Year’s resolutions or your lower back screaming after a surprise sprint session, you’re not alone. Orthopaedic doctors say winter is the peak season for preventable injuries, especially among people who go from zero to beast mode without warming up properly.

Dr Ashis Acharya, Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, puts it straight: “Cold muscles are tight muscles. Tight muscles get injured faster. Most knee and lower-back injuries in winter happen because people start vigorously without allowing the body to transition from cold to active.”

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Why Winter Makes You More Vulnerable

Think of your muscles like cold rubber bands. They’re less flexible, stiffer, and more likely to snap under sudden stress. When the temperature dips, your body goes into “leave me alone” mode.

Your muscles don’t get the same easy blood flow, so they take longer to warm up. Your joints feel a little creaky, like they’ve been sitting in one position too long. And your tendons? They tighten up like stubborn rubber bands, which means your knees and lower back have to work way harder than they should.

The Usual Culprits: Mistakes Everyone Makes

‘I’ll warm up as I go’: That’s like starting your car in freezing weather and immediately hitting 100 km/h. Your knees, especially the patellofemoral joint, take the first hit.

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Jumping from desk job to deadlifts: If you sit 8–10 hours a day, your hip flexors tighten, and your glutes go on vacation. Winter amplifies this. So, when you suddenly lift heavy, your lower back ends up doing the job your hips should be doing.

Running with cold shoes, cold muscles, cold everything: Runners are notorious for this. Cold mornings + no mobility work = knee pain that sticks around longer than your enthusiasm.

Overconfidence because ‘Winter feels good for workouts’: Sure, cold air feels refreshing. But inside, your joints are screaming, “please stop”.

What Actually Helps

  • Warm up for 10–15 minutes. Light mobility, marching, ankle circles, hip openers, simple but magic.
  • Start slower. Build intensity gradually over 2–3 weeks.
  • Layer up. Warm muscles = safer movements.
  • Strengthen the basics. Glutes, hamstrings, quads, core. These stabilise your knees and back.
  • Stretch after workouts. Winter tightness lingers, so cool-downs actually matter.

As Dr Acharya sums up, Consistency beats intensity. Winter workouts are great, but only if your body is ready for them.” You can absolutely crush your winter goals. Just don’t treat your body like it’s auditioning for an action film on day one. Warm up, ease in, stay smart, and your knees and back will thank you all season long.

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I tried the Wattbike Proton smart bike for a month and it’s the best exercise bike I’ve ever used

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I tried the Wattbike Proton smart bike for a month and it’s the best exercise bike I’ve ever used

I’ve tried a lot of stationary exercise bikes in my time as a fitness writer, but I can safely say the Wattbike Proton is my favorite.

And now you can get your hands on the Wattbike Proton with $450 off in the Black Friday sale—down to $1,845 from $2,295 (excluding shipping). This price includes a free subscription to Hub+, the premium version of the accompanying app, worth $80.

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Is morning or evening exercise better for weight loss? Researchers find out

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Is morning or evening exercise better for weight loss? Researchers find out

Any exercise is better than no exercise when it comes to losing weight, and ultimately, you should go when you know you can stay consistent because it fits in your schedule. For some people, that’s first thing in the morning, and for others, that’s in the evening after work. Others like to mix it up depending on what’s on the agenda.

In a thought-provoking study, researchers found that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, such as running, cycling, sports, and brisk walking, is protective against obesity. However, what’s less clear is the optimal time to get those muscles moving and break a sweat. Does it really matter that much? Are we overthinking it? Researchers dived deeper to understand more.

The study

In a study published in the journal Obesity, researchers placed 5285 participants into three different groups based on when they did most of their exercise:

  • Morning workout group
  • Midday workout group
  • Evening workout group

The researchers tested the patterns and associations between the timing of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and obesity. They compared how exercising at different times related to both waist size and body weight.

The results

The results revealed the following:

  • Morning exercise seemed to be the most effective for weight control.
  • Those who were the most active in the morning had a lower body mass index and smaller waistlines overall, even when they did the same amount of exercise as those who mostly exercised midday or in the evening.
  • Exercising at any time of the day was beneficial for obesity, but morning exercisers had the strongest link to lower obesity.

Meeting the exercise guidelines

Among the individuals who met the weekly exercise guidelines of at least 150 minutes every week, their average body mass index was:

  • Morning — 25.9
  • Midday — 27.6
  • Evening — 27.2

For those who met the exercise guidelines, their waist size was:

  • Morning — 91.5 cm
  • Midday — 95.8 cm
  • Evening — 95.0 cm

Overall, morning exercisers were leaner.

The takeaway

Exercise helps prevent obesity and promotes weight loss, no matter what time you get your muscles moving. This study shows that morning exercise may be superior and offer an extra advantage for weight loss compared with midday or evening exercise. In this study, morning exercisers had lower BMIs and smaller waists. There’s more to the weight-loss picture than exercise alone; other factors like nutrition, hormones, toxicity, sleep, certain medications, and stress also play a role.

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