Published March 25, 2026 12:36PM
Fitness
What Happens to Your Body When You Take Ozempic Without Exercising
Losing weight doesn’t necessarily make you fitter, a new study finds.
(Photo: Oleg Breslavtsev / Getty)
Is exercise obsolete in the age of Ozempic? Now that the initial hype has settled down, nobody makes that claim with a straight face. In fact, one of the big fears among people taking GLP-1 agonists (the class of drug to which Ozempic belongs) is that they’ll lose too much muscle along with all the fat, leaving them weaker and less healthy. But at this point, there’s very little data on what happens when you combine these drugs with an exercise routine (or lack thereof).
A newly published study in the journal Sports Medicine steps into this gap. It’s a secondary analysis of data from a previously published study by researchers at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark, funded in part by the Novo Nordisk Foundation (Novo Nordisk is the company that makes Ozempic). The study follows volunteers taking another Novo Nordisk GLP-1 agonist called liraglutide (sold under the brand names Victoza and Saxenda) for an entire year, with or without the addition of a regular exercise program. The results show that without exercise, both health and physical function suffer—and it’s not just about muscle.
What the GLP-1 Study Found
The study involved 193 adults between the ages of 18 and 65. It’s a little unusual in that they started by following an eight-week very-low-calorie diet before starting either exercise or the GLP-1 drug. That’s because the original study was designed to look at ways of maintaining weight loss. Everyone included in the study lost at least 5 percent of their starting weight, which resulted in an average weight loss of 29 pounds. Then, for the following year, they either exercised, took the GLP-1 drug, did both, or did neither. (Those who didn’t get the drug got a placebo.)
The exercise program involved two group exercise classes per week, including 30 minutes of intervals on an exercise bike, then 15 minutes of circuit training (step-ups, boxing, squats, kettlebells, and so on). The subjects were also asked to do two additional workouts on their own; the details were up to them, but most chose running, cycling, brisk walking, or circuits. Adherence was decent: they averaged 2.65 workouts a week and met standard public health guidelines for physical activity.
The first outcome of interest (as reported in the original analysis) is weight. Here’s the trajectory of the four groups:
Doing nothing was the worst option. Exercising and taking a GLP-1 drug was the best option. If you had to choose one or the other, the drug looks marginally better, though the difference wasn’t statistically significant.
Does Fitness or Fatness Matter More?
There’s a longstanding debate about the relative health effects of being overweight versus being aerobically unfit. The two often go together, so they get conflated—but they’re not the same thing. The general trend of evidence, according to the Danish research team, is that it’s better for health and longevity to be fit and overweight than unfit and normal weight. This distinction is important in the context of GLP-1 drugs, because if they help you lose weight without gaining fitness, then the health benefits may be less than you’d expect.
Figuring out how to measure fitness in this context isn’t straightforward. When you lose weight, you’ll generally lose some muscle mass in addition to fat loss. Both strength and aerobic fitness (as measured by VO2 max) are roughly proportional to muscle mass, so your absolute fitness might appear to decline when you lose a lot of weight. But if you lose less strength or fitness in proportion to your overall weight loss, you’ll still end up with greater functional fitness: you’ll have an easier time getting up from a chair, be able to walk for longer, and so on.
One of the simple functional tests the Danish study included was a stair-climb test: climb up and down an 11-step stairway twice, as fast as possible. Here’s what those results looked like:
It’s clear here that the exercise program helped people speed up and down the stairs more quickly, whether or not they were taking the GLP-1 drug. Just taking the drug without exercising didn’t have any benefit.
There are a whole bunch of other fitness measures in the paper: VO2 max tests, leg strength tests, body composition tests to measure muscle mass in the arms and legs. The fitness outcomes can be expressed in absolute terms, or relative to total body weight, or relative to muscle mass. No matter how you express it, the overall pattern, with a few minor exceptions, is the same as the graph above: exercise makes you fitter, simply taking the drug doesn’t.
(An example of a minor exception: the drug alone was enough to improve relative leg strength, i.e. leg strength divided by total body weight, because weight decreased more than strength. But adding exercise worked even better.)
This conclusion—that the best way to get fitter is to exercise—is not exactly surprising. But I think it has been overlooked in discussions about GLP-1 drugs. I’ve certainly seen lots of chatter about the dangers of muscle loss with Ozempic, and the need to pound protein and lift weights. That’s a legitimate concern, but aerobic fitness is an even better predictor of longevity and marker of general health. GLP-1 drugs have remarkable properties, but they haven’t made exercise obsolete.
For more Sweat Science, sign up for the email newsletter and check out my new book The Explorer’s Gene: Why We Seek Big Challenges, New Flavors, and the Blank Spots on the Map.
Fitness
Angela Rippon, 81, reveals the one exercise she never skips for strong legs: ‘I do it every morning without fail’
At 81, Angela Rippon is one of the UK’s most energetic and active broadcasters. A long-time advocate for movement, the former ballet dancer has often credited simple, consistent habits with helping her stay strong, mobile and independent as she gets older. And among her daily rituals is one surprisingly simple exercise she swears by: pliés.
‘I’ll do 20 pliés in the morning, because that’s really good for your balance, your knees, your posture, your core strength, for everything,’ she told Good Housekeeping. ‘Ballet is a wonderful thing for keeping your legs in good shape. It builds the right muscles in your calves and thigh. I go to class whenever I can. I’m a great advocate for dance being the best form of exercise for your mind and your body.’
Pliés are an easy move that require no equipment and Rippon’s 20 reps take less than a minute to do, yet experts agree that they can offer a host of benefits, from improving balance and posture to building lower-body strength and supporting healthy joints. As Women’s Health Fashion Editor and dance instructor Isabelle Knevett says, ‘Plies strengthen the legs, glutes and inner thighs simultaneously. They also require core activation in order to maintain an upright posture, which helps train your balance and stability.’
Research backs Rippon’s morning habit, too. A 2024 study found that a 10-week classical ballet programme improved lower-body strength and physical function in women over 50, suggesting ballet-inspired movements may help support mobility and independence as we age.
And Angela has one more non-negotiable within her morning routine: stretching. ‘I do it every day without fail. Even if I’m on a really tight schedule and in a very small hotel room. Think about a cat. A cat might sleep for five hours, but when they get up, they stretch absolutely everything. I feel that after I’ve been sleeping, that’s what I need to do to get everything moving again.’
As for its benefits for longevity, a recent study published in the Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports found that greater flexibility was associated with a lower risk of early death, while other research found that a 10-minute at-home stretching routine can counteract significant decreases in strength, flexibility and jumping performance caused by low physical activity levels. Consider us influenced.
One of our most frequently asked questions here at Women’s Health? How to build muscle and burn fat at the same time. So, we asked superstar trainer Oyinda Okunowo exactly how to do it. In this 4-week plan – created exclusively for Women’s Health COLLECTIVE members – you’ll get the workouts and nutrition guidance needed to help you on your way to better body composition. Tap the link below to unlock 14 days of free access to Oyinda’s plan and start training today.
GET THE PLAN
As Women’s Health UK’s fitness director and a qualified Pilates and yoga instructor, Bridie Wilkins has been passionately reporting on exercise, health and nutrition since the start of her decade-long career in journalism.
After earning a first-class degree in journalism and NCTJ accreditation, she secured her first role at Look Magazine, where she launched the magazine’s health and fitness column, Look Fit, before going on to become Health and Fitness writer at HELLO!
Since, she has written for Stylist, Glamour, Cosmopolitan, Marie Claire, Elle, The Metro, Runner’s World and Red. Today, she oversees all fitness content across Women’s Health online and in print, spearheading leading cross-platform franchises, such as ‘Fit At Any Age’, which showcases the women proving that age is no barrier to exercise.
She has also represented the brand on BBC Radio London, plus various podcasts and Substacks – all with the aim to encourage more women to exercise and show them how. Outside of work, find her trying the latest Pilates studio, testing her VO2 max for fun (TY, Oura), or posting workouts on Instagram.
Fitness
The ‘Greek God Method’ May be the Most Efficient Way to Build an Aesthetic Physique After 40
You probably already train hard in the gym, making sure you hit every muscle group with enough volume consistently. But building the muscles necessary for an aesthetic physique can take a more tailored approach.
According to coach Alain Gonzalez, the answer may not be training harder, but training smarter, especially for men over 40. In a recent video, Gonzalez broke down what he calls the ‘Greek God method’ – a training approach designed to build what’s often known as an X-frame physique. That means broad shoulders, a tapered waist and wide legs.
‘It’s the shape people are picturing when they think of the Greek god physique,’ says Gonzalez. ‘And the best part is you don’t have to build a ton of muscle to have it. You just need to know which muscles create it and how to build them.’
What Is the Greek God Method?
The Greek God Method focuses on developing the muscles that have the biggest visual impact. According to Gonzalez, many men assume a balanced training plan will naturally focus on these muscles, but that’s not always true. Functional training and standard splits certainly have their place, but Gonzalez’s method is more aesthetics-focused.
‘Most guys believe that if they just keep training hard, follow a proven split and stay disciplined, they’ll eventually develop a head-turning physique,’ he says. ‘But here’s the truth. Balanced training will never build the X-frame.’
The method prioritises three key areas: the lats, the outer quads and the mid delts. ‘We’re not talking about the biggest muscles in your body or the ones that move the most weight,’ says Gonzalez. ‘We’re talking about the ones that have the biggest visual impact on your physique because those are two very different things.’
What Are the Benefits for Men Over 40?
For men over 40, Gonzalez says the method works because recovery is not unlimited. ‘Your body has a limited capacity to recover from and adapt to training stress,’ he says. ‘And after 40, that capacity is even lower.’
By reducing non-priority work and filler exercises, and focusing on the lats, outer quads and mid delts, the method directs more effort towards the muscles that change how your physique looks. ‘The Greek God method changes that by concentrating your effort where it actually shows,’ he says.
How to Do the Greek God Method
To try the Greek God method, you don’t need to overhaul your entire training plan. The aim is to prioritise the muscles that create the biggest visual change, while keeping the rest of your body ticking over.
You can start by making these three areas your focus and including some of the suggested exercises:
Lats: pull-ups or lat pulldowns
Outer quads: leg extensions or quad-dominant lower-body work
Mid delts: dumbbell lateral raises, cable lateral raises or cable Y-raises
For each of these priority muscles, aim for 8-12 hard sets per week, split across at least two sessions. Gonzalez recommends training them before fatigue builds and performance drops. ‘Put them at the beginning of your workout when your energy is high,’ he says.
The sets should be challenging. Take each one to, or close to, failure, using a weight you can control properly. For most people, Gonzalez recommends staying in the 8–12 rep range, rather than including very high-rep burnout sets that may add more fatigue than benefit. ‘Stay in the 8–12 rep range where you’re recruiting those high-threshold motor units earlier in the set and the recovery costs are still low,’ he says.
Everything else should be reduced to maintenance volume. That means giving non-priority muscles around 2–3 sets per week, rather than trying to grow every muscle group at once. ‘That’s just enough to maintain what you’ve built while freeing up enough resources to grow your priority muscles more effectively,’ says Gonzalez.
You can apply this to most training splits. For example, if you follow a push-pull-legs split, train side delts and lats first on push and pull days, then start leg day with quad-focused work. If you follow an upper/lower split, train delts and lats first on upper days, and begin lower-body days with quad-dominant exercises.
Follow the method consistently for 12 weeks, keeping the focus on quality sets, progressive overload, adequate nutrition and recovery, and you should start to see changes in your physique that are worth the effort.
If there’s one thing Kori Sampson knows, it’s how to optimise your body composition for performance. To tap into his knowledge as an elite athlete and coach, we asked him to create a 4-week plan to help you move faster, recover quicker and keep pushing when the fatigue sets in – all while improving your muscle-to-fat ratio.
Ready to build muscle, burn fat and come out the other side looking, feeling and performing better? Click here to get 14 days of free access to the plan via the Men’s Health app.
Fitness
Busy mum Gemma Atkinson uses this exercise to build strong shoulders fast – here’s why it’s so time efficient
Gemma Atkinson is a busy woman. When she’s not parenting her two children, six-year-old Mia and two-year old Thiago, she’s busy hosting on Hits Radio or managing her health and beauty brand Gem & Tonic. So, when it comes to working out, choosing exercises that maximise both efficiency and results is essential.
To build shoulder muscle, there’s one move she swears by: the seated shoulder press. In a video she recently posted on Instagram, she demonstrated the move and wrote: ‘Like I said, shoulders like boulders. Last set needs some F bombs to get me through. Always!’ Speaking of the importance of keeping your legs still in order to strictly isolate your shoulder muscles to prevent “cheating”, she added: ‘P.S. Elliot my PT will be screaming down the phone for me to keep my legs still.’
The seated shoulder press is a no-brainer for time-poor women looking to build muscle in minimal time as it’s a compound movement, meaning it trains several major shoulder and upper-body muscles simultaneously while allowing you to use relatively heavy loads safely with minimal setup time or effort required. In practical terms, a few challenging sets of seated shoulder presses can provide the stimulus equivalent to doing several isolation exercises separately, such as front raises and lat raises.
Personal trainer and Men’s Health UK fitness writer Kate Neudecker says that performing the move seated makes it especially effective: ‘Sitting down reduces the demand on balance, stability and bracing, so you can put more effort into the muscles you’re actually trying to train. That often means you can lift with more control, use a heavier load, and create more mechanical tension through the shoulders and triceps, which is one of the key drivers of muscle growth. There can also be a tendency to bounce at the knees to increase momentum on the standing shoulder press; the seated press eliminates this.’
She adds that it targets the ‘deltoids, especially the front and side deltoids while also working the triceps as they extend the elbows. Depending on the bench angle, the upper chest can contribute too, while the upper traps and shoulders’ stabilising muscles help control the movement.’ Here’s how to do with proper form, plus how many reps and sets to do, and how to progress.
How to do the seated shoulder press
- Sit, with your shoulders against the bench, chest proud, head facing forward with a dumbbell in each hand. Bend the elbows at 90 degrees with the dumbbells at ear level and palms facing forward.
- Now straighten your arms and press the dumbbells towards the ceiling, then return to the start. Repeat.
How to work it into your workout
Neudecker advises: ‘Always tailor reps and sets to your own abilities and needs but for muscle growth, a good starting point is 3-4 sets of 8-12 reps using a load that leaves around 1-3 reps in reserve on most sets. Evidence indicates that a large range of reps and sets contribute to muscle growth but for good technique and results, that should be sufficient. Place it early in an upper body workout if shoulder strength or size is a priority, so that you can use max muscle power.’
When it comes to progressing, Neudecker says ‘You can add weight, add reps, increase sets or improve your control and range of motion over time to contribute to progressive overload. Because balance and coordination are less of a limiting factor, it can be easier to apply progressive overload directly to the shoulders.’
One of our most frequently asked questions here at Women’s Health? How to build muscle and burn fat at the same time. So, we asked superstar trainer Oyinda Okunowo exactly how to do it. In this 4-week plan – created exclusively for Women’s Health COLLECTIVE members – you’ll get the workouts and nutrition guidance needed to help you on your way to better body composition. Tap the link below to unlock 14 days of free access to Oyinda’s plan and start training today.
GET THE PLAN
As Women’s Health UK’s fitness director and a qualified Pilates and yoga instructor, Bridie Wilkins has been passionately reporting on exercise, health and nutrition since the start of her decade-long career in journalism.
After earning a first-class degree in journalism and NCTJ accreditation, she secured her first role at Look Magazine, where she launched the magazine’s health and fitness column, Look Fit, before going on to become Health and Fitness writer at HELLO!
Since, she has written for Stylist, Glamour, Cosmopolitan, Marie Claire, Elle, The Metro, Runner’s World and Red. Today, she oversees all fitness content across Women’s Health online and in print, spearheading leading cross-platform franchises, such as ‘Fit At Any Age’, which showcases the women proving that age is no barrier to exercise.
She has also represented the brand on BBC Radio London, plus various podcasts and Substacks – all with the aim to encourage more women to exercise and show them how. Outside of work, find her trying the latest Pilates studio, testing her VO2 max for fun (TY, Oura), or posting workouts on Instagram.
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