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Sustainable finance is no substitute for net zero targets

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Sustainable finance is no substitute for net zero targets

As universities embrace the transition to net zero, it is unsurprising to see more institutions adopting sustainable financing of their major infrastructure investments. The European Commission defines “sustainable financing” as the process of taking environmental (such as climate change mitigation or biodiversity), social (tackling inequality or inclusion) and governance, or “ESG” considerations, into account when making investment decisions, leading to more long-term investments in sustainable economic activity.

Borrowing associated with sustainability is an attractive option for universities, given the alignment with their strategic goals and the interests of students, staff and alumni. For universities with capital investment plans for green energy or net zero transitions, this form of borrowing makes sense. World Bank data show the global market for green, social and sustainability bonds (looking at both sovereign and sub-sovereign issuers) has grown from $114 billion (£91 billion) in 2016 to $948 billion in 2022 in terms of annual issuance.

Various borrowing instruments are applicable to funding university activities, from “sustainability bonds” and “sustainability-linked bonds” (or “sustainability loans”) to social bonds and green loans.

A useful distinction is between those bonds or private placements labelled as “sustainable”, where the focus is on the use of proceeds, and their equivalents that are “sustainability-linked”, where the university’s performance against organisational KPIs affects the borrowing cost.

The use-of-proceeds approach requires universities to set out eligible projects based on compelling cases – for example, investment in renewables infrastructure against the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals or for social impact. The selection of projects and how funds are used must follow principles set out by the International Capital Market Association. Recently we have seen several institutions issuing long-term bonds (UCL’s 40-year £300 million sustainable bond of 2021, for example, or the London School of Economics and Political Science’s 50-year sustainability private placement). In practice, many projects funded by this borrowing are “green” rather than social projects (linked to renewable energy, sustainable water management or clean transportation, for example).

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In contrast, “sustainability-linked” borrowing incentivises universities to meet certain targets for carbon emissions or energy use, and failure to meet these will increase the loan cost. In general, sustainability bonds or private placements have longer maturities, while sustainability-linked borrowing is over shorter periods of time.

But what are the main considerations for universities contemplating sustainable finance?

First, there are clearly reputational gains from aligning an institution’s financing strategy to its sustainability strategy. It gains buy-in from stakeholders and imposes discipline in meeting the university’s goals. However, sustainable finance is not a substitute for adopting a credible net zero plan for emissions: it is a means to that end. Students and staff are likely to care more about whether their institution has a credible plan to reduce emissions by a certain date (and the extent to which any verifiable offset projects are used), than whether the projects are labelled as “sustainable finance”. In 2023, the Financial Conduct Authority tightened regulations around the labelling of investment products as “sustainable” because of fears of “greenwashing”.

Similarly, universities must heed warnings that sustainable financial frameworks and associated projects must have verifiable outcomes. This requires strong governance around financial frameworks overseeing borrowing that are fully integrated into the overall institutional strategy for sustainability/net zero.

Second, one cannot conclude that those universities that have not yet gone down the sustainable bonds or loans route are uninterested in sustainability. Internal financing reduces the need for external borrowing, and the recent increase in interest rates (yields on UK universities’ public bonds have risen from 2 per cent or below in 2021 to around 4-5 per cent in 2023) means those universities with stronger cash flow generation will want to wait before entering this market. In my view, we will not see a steady state of emerging university capital structures for another five to 10 years.

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Third, there are other financial structures and instruments beyond purely borrowing. Those universities with land or capital assets that could be used for net zero (to generate renewable power, for instance) could look at shared ownership structures to raise investment funds and manage risks in projects.

Sustainable finance is undoubtedly a complex field. Universities must develop strong management expertise to navigate the intricacies of a still-evolving market. Above all, it requires robust internal governance to ensure financial strategy is complementary to overall institutional strategy, and not simply a bolt-on.   

Sir Anton Muscatelli is principal and vice-chancellor of the University of Glasgow and a professor of economics.

The THE Impact Rankings 2024 will be published on 12 June. 

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How Applied Materials Is Driving Transformation of the Finance Function with SAP Taulia

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How Applied Materials Is Driving Transformation of the Finance Function with SAP Taulia

Within the global manufacturing industry, maintaining a competitive edge requires a delicate balance between driving internal efficiency and fostering strong external relationships. For Applied Materials, a leader in materials engineering solutions for the semiconductor industry, this challenge became the foundation for a strategic finance transformation program, with an SAP Taulia solution emerging as a key enabler.

The journey began in early 2019 with the launch of Agile Finance, an end-to-end transformation initiative designed to support the company’s aggressive growth trajectory, which included a goal to double in size. The initiative was built around three strategic pillars: enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of the finance organization, promoting career fulfillment, and establishing a robust digital operating model. The impact was significant, with the finance function achieving approximately 35% productivity gains in its labor force.

The third pillar—the move to a digital operating model—is where the partnership with SAP Taulia began.

“The SAP Taulia Dynamic Discounting solution was introduced not merely as a cost-cutting measure, but as a strategic tool to transform and digitize the interaction with Applied’s extensive, global supplier base,” Junaid Ahmed, corporate VP, Finance at Applied Materials, says. “We understood that to reap the benefits of digitization, we had to ensure the suppliers were on board. It needed to be a win-win outcome.”

Unprecedented flexibility for suppliers

The program empowers suppliers—thousands of them worldwide—to self-select which approved invoices they wish to discount for early payment. This is not a continuous, all-or-nothing commitment but rather a decision made on an invoice-by-invoice basis. This flexibility allows suppliers to manage their working capital needs with greater precision, taking advantage of early payment during their own critical periods, such as quarter-end or year-end, to help meet their own financial targets.

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The system also drastically improves transactional efficiency. Suppliers no longer have to call Applied to track invoice status, approval, or payment date. All this information is available 24/7 in the SAP Taulia solution, reducing resource allocation on both sides and ensuring both reap the benefits of moving to an integrated, digital system.

Free working capital to strengthen your financial supply chain and manage risk with SAP Taulia solutions

Strategic benefits for Applied Materials

For Applied, the program is a testament to its focus on balancing efficiency with strong supplier relationships. The philosophy is a “win-win” built on a crucial spread: Applied Materials, as a Fortune 500 company with strong cash flow, has a significantly lower cost of capital than many of its suppliers. By funding the discounts, Applied captures a return—the discount income—while offering its suppliers funding at a rate close to their cost of capital, but with greater convenience.

This relationship-focused approach is critical. Applied’s supplier account managers actively support the program because they recognize its mutual benefit, not viewing it as a finance mandate to push costs onto the supply base.

Furthermore, the “dynamic” nature of the discount rates is a powerful risk mitigation tool. Unlike fixed contractual discounts, the rates can be adjusted in response to global economic changes, such as shifts in interest rates. When interest rates rose after the pandemic, Applied was able to adjust the discount rates accordingly with minimal pushback, as the core proposition remains the valuable spread between the parties’ cost of capital.

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The SAP Taulia Dynamic Discounting solution has been rolled out globally, giving all suppliers the opportunity to use it. This has been critical over the last 12 months as many businesses around the globe have been subject to new and often unexpected tariff costs impacting their margin and their liquidity.

“The flexibility of the solution means suppliers can access funds when they need them, which helps them navigate some of the economic uncertainty that many businesses are facing,” Dirk Holoubek, managing director, Finance Shared Services, explains. “2025 saw a 23% increase in usage of the discounts, reflecting the pressures that suppliers are feeling right now on their cash flow.” 

The solution’s capability to drive sophisticated analytics is also a major strategic asset. It helps provide insights into the different costs of capital between Applied and its supplier base. This data allows for targeted outreach and communication, ensuring that the offer of capital support is proactively extended to the suppliers that need it most.

The strategic value of the solution is further cemented by its ownership. The acquisition of Taulia by SAP brings several advantages.

“Trust is really important to both us and our suppliers,” Ahmed says. “For our suppliers to adopt a new solution, they need to know its technology they can rely on in the long term. Being part of SAP creates that assurance in the long-term future of the program.”

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Looking forward, Applied Materials is already focused on the next stage of the transformation project: Agile Finance 3.0, which is focused on enabling the organization to become AI-first. The company is deploying a global, organization-wide AI assistant to drive personal productivity, but the strategic application of AI in the supplier management space is even more profound.

AI is expected to transform decision-making enablement by analyzing critical information and communicating effective options. In the future, AI will be able to proactively assess the specific needs and attributes of the supplier base, enabling Applied to address issues more quickly and resolve them earlier. The benefits are already tangible in e-invoicing: AI has made the solution more flexible and “human-like,” capable of reading minor changes in invoice format that would have previously caused electronic errors. This reduced rigidity and increased flexibility are directly contributing to the overall efficiency of the digital operating model.

By leveraging the SAP Taulia Dynamic Discounting solution, Applied Materials has not only digitized a process but also strategically transformed its financial operations, creating a system that is agile, resilient, and focused on maintaining mutually beneficial relationships with its global supplier ecosystem.


Cedric Bru is CEO of SAP Taulia.

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Houston budget amendment would give financial assistance to help those impacted by a trash fee

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Houston budget amendment would give financial assistance to help those impacted by a trash fee

HOUSTON, Texas (KTRK) — Houston City Council could soon consider whether to offer financial assistance to help those who may struggle to afford a proposed trash fee.

This month, council will approve a budget. In it, Mayor John Whitmire doesn’t increase taxes.

However, he does want to charge a $5 monthly fee to cover trash services. A plan to help close the city’s nearly $200 million deficit that doesn’t add up to some.

Speaking in front of council on Wednesday, Super Neighborhood 64 president Lindsay Williams brought more than concerns, she had numbers surrounding the mayor’s proposed $5 monthly trash fee.

A plan his team says could climb to $25 a month by 2032. If it does, Williams told council that $300 annual cost would be just .15% of a $200,000 income.

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For someone making $15,000, it’s two percent. “More than 13 times the burden for the same trash, same truck and same fee, but not the same pay,” Williams explained.

However, Controller Chris Hollins said the mayor’s not being truthful about the real cost.

“Houstonians are not stupid,” Hollins said. “We should not treat Houstonians like they’re stupid.”

Hollins said the cost may need to be $40 a month. Whitmire didn’t respond to Hollins during the meeting when he asked if he plans to increase the fee.

No matter the cost, some council members want to offer financial relief. Right now, there are no exceptions.

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However, an amendment council will consider from Council Member Alejandra Salinas next week would change that.

“If they for whatever reason met the threshold and need an additional need because of the administrative fee, our amendment would allow them to apply for funds through the water fund,” Salinas said.

The trash fee wasn’t the only item from the mayor’s seven and a half billion dollar budget proposal that sparked debate. Hollins said a plan to divert money away from water utilities could drain a billion over the next five years from infrastructure money.

Whitmire disagrees saying there’s more than enough funds to handle the change, and continue with projects.

“We’ve all admitted the budget’s not perfect, but certainly it’s a first start that Houstonians understand and it’s a shame it’s being so politicized because it’s literally people’s lives and death,” Whitmire said.

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Council will vote on amendments next week. It has to have a new budget in place by the end of the month.

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How can I illustrate our financial position to a spouse who shows little interest?

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How can I illustrate our financial position to a spouse who shows little interest?

Reader question: My spouse has little interest in our financial position. As we age, this concerns me. I try to share some basic information (income, spending, account balances, debt, and so on) each month but rarely get a response. I think graphs or charts might be of more interest to her than a bunch of numbers. What recommendations would you have for illustrating our financial position so that I am not the only person aware of how we are situated? Thanks!

Answer: Your situation is pretty common. Most couples I know develop a division of labor over time, where one person is in charge of financial matters and the other person is less involved. That’s definitely the case for my husband and me. He’s in charge of paying all the monthly bills and preparing our tax returns, but the financial planning and investment decisions are up to me. This type of arrangement might work well for a long time, but can become less sustainable with age, particularly if the “finance person” in the relationship dies or develops a major health issue.

Online tools and mind maps

Illustrating your financial situation with charts and graphs is a great idea that might help your spouse become a little more involved. Morningstar’s  Portfolio X-Ray  tool includes a variety of images that help illustrate your financial situation. Websites for most major brokerage firms also include some visual tools. Schwab, for example, offers a Portfolio Checkup and a bar graph illustrating your account’s monthly income from dividends and interest income. Vanguard has a Portfolio Watch tool and a variety of performance illustrations, tools, and calculators.

A  mind map, which we used with clients when I worked for a financial advisory firm, can be another way to picture your entire financial situation on one page. There are various  softwaretemplates  for drawing a mind map, or you can simply sketch it out with a large sheet of paper and a pencil. Start with your names at the center of the page. Then draw spokes connecting to various categories, such as names of other family members; investment accounts; real estate and other assets, insurance policies, estate plans, key goals and values, and contact information for accountants, estate planners, and other professionals. It can be helpful to go through the mind map together and make any updates needed at least once a year.

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Other ways to communicate about money

A few other ideas—though not related to charts and graphs—might also be useful.

I like the idea of putting together a  net worth statement  that itemizes cash, taxable accounts, real estate, retirement accounts, and debt for each member of the couple as well as items owned jointly. It’s a good idea to update this document at least once a year and  discuss it as a couple. If you set up the document as a spreadsheet, you can include columns with additional information such as account numbers, what each account is used for, which accounts are subject to required minimum distributions, or tax issues like potential capital gains.

Many couples also put together a  binder  (sometimes humorously called a “Doomsday Book”) that contains information about where to find important paperwork, insurance policies, how bills are paid, what each account is for, steps the surviving spouse will need to take, final wishes, and any other critical information.

A well-qualified financial adviser can bridge the information gap

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Finally, you could consider working with a good  financial adviser,  who can help involve your spouse in financial matters while you’re still living and step in to fully manage investments and personal finance decisions if you pass away before your spouse. Make sure the adviser holds the Certified Financial Planner designation and charges fees that are reasonable. Although a 1% fee is still the industry standard for accounts of $1 million or less, it’s possible to find advisers who charge significantly less, including a few who price their services based on hours worked instead of a percentage of assets under management.

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This article was provided to The Associated Press by Morningstar. For more personal finance content, go to https://www.morningstar.com/personal-finance.

Amy C. Arnott, CFA, is a portfolio strategist for Morningstar and co-host of The Long View podcast.

Related links:

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3 Big Questions to Ask Your Aging Parents

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https://www.morningstar.com/personal-finance/3-big-questions-ask-your-aging-parents

Copyright 2026 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed without permission.

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