Speaking at a panel on financing the energy transition during Temasek’s Ecosperity week, veteran financier Shriti Vadera said governments continue to rely on the unrealistic assumption that private capital alone can close the climate financing gap, even as many projects in developing economies remain commercially unviable without stronger policy support and public-sector intervention.

“There’s a sort of convenient untruth that the private sector is going to spontaneously combust and find ways of providing capital when it can’t go to things that are essentially not commercial,” said Vadera, who is chair of UK-based insurer Prudential plc and the World Bank Private Sector Investment Lab.

Her comments came as a vast majority of clean energy investment today remains heavily concentrated in a handful of major economies despite growing global momentum behind the low-carbon transition.

While investment in renewable energy and green technologies has accelerated sharply in China, Europe and previously the US, financing flows into emerging and developing economies continue to lag far behind what is needed to meet climate targets.

Vadera said emerging markets excluding China now account for roughly 30 to 40 per cent of global emissions, yet climate financing into these economies remains deeply insufficient.

She cited estimates showing emerging and developing economies require around US$1.3 trillion annually in transition financing for emerging markets, compared to roughly US$200 billion currently flowing into the sector.

The financing shortfall is particularly acute when it comes to allowing investors to participate in transition financing via equity, or the buying of shares, said Vadera. She described this lack of risk-bearing capital as the “biggest problem” facing transition projects.

“There’s a lot more debt [available], but the real problem is that 80 to 90 per cent of the financing is available in debt. The start of any capital stack at any project is the risk-bearing capital, and that is in much shorter supply,” she said.

Vadera highlighted that many climate discussions continue to overestimate the willingness of institutional investors to absorb risks tied to emerging market infrastructure, particularly where currency volatility, illiquid markets and inconsistent regulations remain unresolved challenges.

To unlock the trillions in private financing available in the capital markets, investments need to be rated, liquid and tradable, she said.

Vadera also called for the creation of standardised financial structures that allow climate-related debt to be packaged, traded and distributed more efficiently across global markets.

One such model currently being explored by the World Bank’s Private Sector Investment Lab involves creating originate-to-distribute models that pool loans and structure them into investable assets, while also standardising documentation, securitisation frameworks and debt issuance practices across multilateral development banks and domestic financial institutions.

The aim is to turn transition financing into a recognisable asset class that institutional investors can more easily access.

“That is the nearest thing we have to a solution that will be at the scale that is needed,” she said.

However, she stressed that financial engineering alone will not solve the problem.

For hard-to-abate sectors such as steel, cement and industrial decarbonisation, projects may never become commercially competitive without carbon pricing or direct public support.

“However much structuring you do, they’re not going to be bankable,” Vadera said.

Stronger policies and financing reform

Other speakers at the panel echoed the need for stronger policy frameworks alongside financing reforms.

Adair Turner, chair of the Energy Transitions Commission, said although the world has made substantial progress in scaling clean energy investment globally, many hard-to-abate sectors remain structurally more expensive to decarbonise than existing fossil fuel-based systems.

These sectors include green hydrogen, steelmaking, cement production and carbon capture technologies, where low-carbon alternatives continue to face higher upfront and operating costs.

“No amount of clever financial design will make things bankable unless there are carbon prices or regulation as a framework,” he said.

He noted that a growing number of renewable energy technologies have now reached cost competitiveness due to rapid technological advancements and manufacturing scale-up over the past decade.

The cost of solar photovoltaic systems and batteries, for example, has fallen by roughly 95 per cent over the past 15 years, helping make solar-plus-storage systems cheaper than new coal or gas-fired power generation in some markets.

The falling costs have also accelerated the economic viability of electric vehicles and industrial electrification technologies, particularly for low-temperature industrial processes such as food processing, textiles and manufacturing.

However, Turner cautioned against assuming that international capital alone would solve the financing challenge, as most transition financing would ultimately have to come from domestic savings mobilisation and stronger local capital markets.

He said policymakers must also address foreign exchange risks associated with renewable infrastructure projects in emerging markets, many of which generate revenue in local currencies but rely heavily on foreign-denominated financing.

Annual global investment in the green transition has doubled from around US$1 trillion in 2020 to approximately US$2 trillion today with much of that growth concentrated in China, Europe and the US. 

Ma Jun, chairman of Green Finance Committee of China Society for Finance and Banking highlighted China’s extensive green finance system that has helped support the rapid scaling of renewable technologies and clean manufacturing, offering an example of how coordinated policy and financial system design can accelerate deployment.

China has established the largest green banking system in the world, with roughly US$7 trillion in outstanding green loans. It has also developed one of the world’s largest green bond markets.

This deep domestic financing base has enabled large-scale investment into solar, wind, electric vehicles, batteries and other clean technologies, supporting both domestic deployment and global supply chains.

Ma said that technology deployment may now matter more than financing cost reductions, given the steep learning curves in clean technologies.

“Technology is more important. While finance can optimise and reduce costs by one to two per cent, the right technologies can cut costs by as much as 50 per cent,” he said.

He also stressed the importance of developing interoperable green taxonomies and stronger local green financial systems across emerging economies, to ensure that capital is consistently directed towards credible transition activities.

According to Ma, many developing countries still allocate only a small share of domestic bank lending towards green projects, leaving major financing capacity untapped.

He suggested that strengthening domestic green financial systems could unlock significantly more transition finance without relying excessively on foreign capital inflows.

The Great Australian dream of home ownership is already slipping away for many young Aussies. And many are worried that things are only going to get worse for their own kids.

New mum Sarah Rugg would “absolutely love” to have a place to call her own. But the 36-year-old told Yahoo Finance it’s not something she and her partner can realistically afford to do in Sydney.

The couple’s daughter, Maggie, is just five months old, but Rugg is already worried about her financial future and whether she’ll be able to get onto the property ladder herself when she grows up.

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“Unless there’s a crash in the market, the way it’s going and as interest rates keep rising and the cost of living, it’s going to be so hard for them,” Rugg said.

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“We’re trying to start helping her out now and put some money aside for her so when she does get to an age, she’ll at least have something.

“If everything keeps going the way it’s going, absolutely, it’s going to be even harder for them for this generation.”

Do you have a story to share? Contact tamika.seeto@yahooinc.com

Rugg and her partner, who works in construction, are currently saving up for her first home deposit. But they are still “way far off”.

Rugg is currently on 12 months maternity leave from her hotel management job, but is now weighing up whether she returns to work early to help manage costs and save further.

“We definitely won’t be able to afford in Sydney. We weren’t the smartest savers when we were younger, both of us. So now we’re in a position where we’re quite screwed,” she said.

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“The property market has jumped so much in such a short amount of time that anyone like us that didn’t really think logically about that, is now screwed.”

Parents anxious over kids’ financial futures

Rugg isn’t the only parent with these anxieties.

New research from Sharesies found 69 per cent of parents are anxious about their kids’ financial future, with 22 per cent believing their kids will be worse off than themselves.

Half of parents are worried their kids may never own a home. Others are worried about their kids’ ability to access the same experiences they had, with 44 per cent fearing they’ll miss out on experiences like gap years or further study and 41 per cent worried they will have to sacrifice sport and after-school activities.

Sharesies co-founder Brooke Roberts told Yahoo Finance the research highlighted that a strong majority of parents were feeling uncertain of their kids’ financial future.

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If you’re looking to save more, early retirees and financially independent individuals say the goal isn’t necessarily to cut out every small pleasure. It’s to be more intentional about where your money is going, and to make sure more of it stays with you.

Business Insider rounded up the top savings tips from people who have reached financial independence, retired early, or made major progress toward their big money goals.

Not every tactic is realistic for every household, but the common thread is to make saving intentional rather than accidental.

Know your numbers and avoid lifestyle creep

Regardless of your goal, keeping more of your income starts with knowing your numbers: what you earn, what you spend, and what you actually save. It’s difficult to improve your savings rate if you don’t know how much money is leaving your account each month.

A good place to start is by combing through credit-card statements and tracking where your dollars are going. First, make sure you’re spending less than you earn. Then, calculate your savings rate. What categories are costing more than you expected? Where could you reasonably cut back?

And if you start earning more, don’t automatically start spending more.

For New York City couple Alex Nathanson and Josette Chang, avoiding lifestyle creep was central to reaching financial independence. They chose not to upgrade to a larger apartment, even though they could afford to.

“Moving up would be just riding the hedonic treadmill,” Nathanson said. “You get a bigger place now, and a few years later you’ll want a bigger place again. We consciously decided to get off that treadmill.”

Treat your savings like profit

Steve Antonioni, who has saved up “war chests” to fund mini-retirements, recommends thinking about your personal finances like a business.

“I think having the right attitude around savings is very, very important,” he said, adding that “even the word ‘saving’ kind of messes you up from the first place.”

People use different terms to describe corporate finances and personal finances. Businesses have “revenue” and “profit,” whereas individuals have “income” and “savings.” Antonioni finds it helpful to draw a direct comparison between the two.

“A business is trying to earn a profit, right? It’s the exact same thing for you — your savings are your profit,” he said. “You want to run your life in such a way that you’re earning a profit, because that profit is yours. That goes directly to you.”

One way to increase your personal “profit” is to make saving automatic before you have a chance to spend the money. That could mean setting up recurring transfers to a savings or brokerage account, increasing retirement contributions after a raise, or separating spending money from long-term savings.

Try a “no-spend month”

Michela Allocca, who quit her corporate job to create personal-finance content full time, prefers setting spending “boundaries” rather than strict rules.

Sometimes, those boundaries are about behavior rather than categories. For example, she avoids shopping on her phone and doesn’t keep her credit card near her computer.

“That creates friction in the buying process,” she said. If she really wants something, she has to get up, retrieve her card, and make a more intentional decision.

Another strategy she uses is a “no-spend month,” in which she sets clear parameters for what she is and isn’t allowed to spend on. During one no-spend month, for example, she chose not to buy clothes or beauty products.

“But I am letting myself go out to dinner once a week and spend money on my hobbies,” she said. The idea is that setting guidelines for a defined period of time can make spending boundaries feel more manageable.

Slash the Big 3

To substantially increase your savings rate, take a close look at three major expenses: housing, transportation, and food. Often called “the big three,” these categories are typically among the largest expenses most households face.

“If you learn how to master those big expenses, it will free up a ton of money so you don’t have to stress about the small stuff,” said Josh Lupo, who retired in his 30s with his wife, Ali.

The couple used a strategy known as “house hacking” to offset their housing costs. Other ways to lower the big three include sharing a car or using public transit, cooking meals at home, and living with roommates.

Focus on earning more

Cutting expenses can help widen the gap between what you earn and what you spend, but especially in a high-cost environment, increasing income can be another important lever.

When reflecting on the money moves she made in her 20s that helped her reach millionaire status by 30, Allocca said increasing her income was a major factor. After all, there’s a limit to how much you can cut, while earning more can expand what’s possible.

“The reason I’ve been able to hit these big numbers is because I increased my income outside my corporate job,” she said. “It’s not the sexiest thing — not everyone wants a side hustle or to start a business — but that’s the big driver.”

Still, higher earnings only help if you avoid inflating your lifestyle at the same pace.

“No matter how much you increase your income, you have to avoid lifestyle creep,” Allocca said. “Otherwise, you’re not actually going to make progress.”