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Rob’s Car Movie Review: Duel (1971) – Street Muscle

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Rob’s Car Movie Review: Duel (1971) – Street Muscle

Duel began life as a short story written by Richard Matheson, one of Hollywood’s most seasoned writers. Previous work of Matheson’s included episodic writing for such TV series as Have Gun – Will Travel, Combat!, The Alfred Hitchcock Hour, and Star Trek, and movies like The Omega Man, The Pit and the Pendulum, and The Raven. He was perhaps best known though for having written 16 episodes of Rod Serling’s classic show, The Twilight Zone.

Matheson penned the story of Duel after being dangerously tailgated by a trucker while driving on a California highway on November 22, 1963, the same day that President John F. Kennedy was assassinated. Duel was ultimately published in the March, 1971 issue of Playboy magazine.

Duel author and teleplay writer, Richard Matheson. (Photo courtesy of Manor Vellum.)

The story was brought to the attention of fledgling director Spielberg by his secretary, who told him that she was aware Universal and ABC had optioned the property for a Movie of the Week and were looking for a director.

Spielberg read the short and was compelled enough by the strength of it to apply for the job. He met with producer George Ekstein and beat out a host of other directors based on an episode of Colombo Spielberg had directed and showed the producer. Matheson was meanwhile hired to adapt his story into a teleplay.

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Director Steven Spielberg on the set of Duel. (Photo courtesy of Universal Pictures.)

During the casting process, Spielberg fought hard to have Dennis Weaver star in the project based on the director’s admiration for the actor’s performance as the hotel manager in Orson Welles’ Touch of Evil, opposite Charlton Heston, Janet Leigh, and Welles himself.

Spielberg, and Weaver, eventually won out. Additional cast members included Jacqueline Scott, Eddie Firestone, Lou Frizzell, and Lucille Benson, all in minor roles.

Dennis Weaver as the main protagonist, motorist David Mann. (Photo courtesy of Universal Pictures.)

Principal photography was completed in just 13 days, mostly on rural California stretches such as the Agua Dulce Canyon Road, Soledad Canyon Road, Angeles Forest Road, and the Sierra Highway. Equally astonishing is the fact that the film was edited in a mere 10 days by Frank Morriss.

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Duel originally aired as the ABC Movie of the Week on November 13, 1971, and received rave reviews by critics and viewers alike. Spielberg, in particular, was lauded by film critics from Variety and The Hollywood Reporter for his directorial flourishes on the movie.

The movie opens with a montage of shots taken from the bumper of Mann’s car as it travels from Los Angeles to the high desert. (Photo courtesy of Universal Pictures.)

So universally positive were the reactions to Duel that it was theatrically released in 1972-’73 in an extended 90 minute version (14 minutes longer than the television cut) with additional scenes shot by Spielberg.

Duel’s plot is simple. David Mann (Weaver) is a Los Angeles salesman who has an appointment with a client upstate. During the course of his drive he encounters a worse-for-wear big rig truck emblazoned with “Flammable” warnings all over its exterior.

Mann’s original sin: passing the big rig. (Photo courtesy of Universal Pictures.)

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The truck is going slowly up a grade, so Mann passes it in a responsible fashion using his turn signals, and is soon underway at a speed he figures will get him to his appointment on time.

Just a few moments later, the truck abruptly roars past him, cuts him off, and then slows down to its original speed in front of Mann. Perturbed, and now breathing the truck’s diesel exhaust, Mann passes the tanker again and is treated to a blast from its air horns.

Mann and his tormentor at the gas station. (Photo courtesy of Universal Pictures.)

Later in the day, Mann pulls into a gas station, and a few minutes later the tanker parks next to him at an adjacent pump. The truck’s driver gets out of the beast on the side opposite Mann’s field of view, but the salesman is able to see the man’s cowboy boots.

After a phone call to his quarrelsome wife in which she quips about his lack of manhood the night before when his co-worker was making advances towards her, Mann is told by the gas station attendant that he needs a new radiator hose. He declines the repair and is on his way.

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Back on the road, Mann is once again menaced by the tanker truck, which rudely passes him and then swerves all over the road to prevent Mann from repassing. Mann finally gets past the truck, whereupon the big rig tailgates him, forcing Mann to go faster and faster. Doing in excess of 100 mph, Mann loses control of his vehicle and spins out across from a diner.

Mann spies his adversary outside the diner. (Photo courtesy of Universal Pictures.)

Shaken, he goes into the diner’s lavatory. When he comes out, he sees the offending truck parked outside, and assumes the driver is in the diner with him. He studies the diner’s patrons, and confronts one wearing similar cowboy boots to the truck’s driver.

The patron does not take well to Mann’s accusations and punches him several times. The man then leaves, gets into a pickup truck, and drives away, indicating to Mann that he had picked out the wrong man.

Out on the highway, the dangerous game of cat and mouse continues, with the tanker truck’s attacks becoming more potentially lethal.

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The big rig tries to kill Mann by pushing his car into a freight train. (Photo courtesy of Universal Pictures.)

As the two vehicles begin to ascend a mountain road, Mann is able to put space between himself and the much slower truck. Mann starts to relax, but just as he does, his radiator hose bursts, causing his car to overheat thus making the ascent to the top of the mountain unlikely.

With the big rig now hot on his tail, Mann must take matters into his own hands to ensure his very survival.

A blown radiator hose derails Mann’s getaway. (Photo courtesy of Universal Pictures.)

In spite of Duel’s unsophisticated plot, the movie actually makes quite a few thematic comments on life-and-death, contemporary society, and masculinity. The fact that we never see the driver of the big-rig also imparts a supernatural feel to the proceedings, as if this is perhaps a fever dream in Mann’s head, or, if real, that the driver of the truck is in fact a demon or the devil himself.

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This quasi-satanic angle is so well conceived in the movie that it was directly lifted for the less well-crafted but nonetheless entertaining 1977 film, The Car, starring James Brolin.

Glimpses of Spielberg’s future cinematic aesthetic are visible throughout the film. (Photo courtesy of Universal Pictures.)

Quick glimpses of Spielberg filmmaking hallmarks are littered throughout Duel. His use of wide angle lenses on close-up subjects to infuse a sense of shock or panic are present, as is his exceptional framing and use of the camera to convey information.

For a 25 year-old, Spielberg’s mastery of the mise-en-scene is absolutely extraordinary here, and it makes for an exciting romp despite the straightforward plot. It stands to reason that in the hands of a lesser director, Duel could have easily been a bore and a misfire.

Spielberg’s use of framing, lens choice, and depth make even mundane sequences feel artistic. Examples include this shot of Mann’s car driving through the desert, and Mann’s phone call to his wife, framed inside the door of a washing machine. (Photos courtesy of Universal Pictures.)

The use of sound and the lack thereof at times is also beautifully handled in the film, often injecting a menacing tone of impending doom. Relatively little dialogue is spoken in the movie, as per Spielberg’s desire to let the terror of the situation and the vehicles do the talking. The majority of dialogue in the film is heard as a narration of Mann’s inner thoughts.

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The cinematography by Jack A. Marta, the aforementioned editing by Frank Morriss, and Billy Goldenberg’s exciting score should also be given a nod for their peerless efficacy.

Mann’s ride: a 1970 Plymouth Valiant. (Photo courtesy of Universal Pictures.)

Even Spielberg’s selection of vehicles is well thought through. Mann’s car, a 1970 Plymouth Valiant, is a compact with a limited powertrain. It was chosen to echo Mann’s meek personality and his wife’s suggestion to the effect that he was no Prince Valliant the night before. The car’s blinding Tor-Red exterior paint, on the other hand, was chosen by the director solely because it would stand out against the desert locales that they filmed in.

As an aside for those concerned with production minutiae, four Valiants were used during production. A 1970 and ’71 model equipped with Chrysler’s 225 cubic-inch slant six were used for beauty shots, while an older 1969 model with the manufacturer’s 318 cubic-inch V8, was dressed up to look like the 1970 model and used primarily as the stunt car.

For the extra scenes shot for the theatrical release of the movie, a 1972 Valiant with the 225 cubic-inch six was used. To Spielberg’s dismay, this car would later be used in an episode of the Universal television series, The Incredible Hulk.

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Spielberg settled on a 1957 Peterbuilt 281 for the truck as he felt it had a menacing “face.” (Photo courtesy of Universal Pictures.)

Spielberg looked at a number of big rigs before deciding on the 1957 Peterbuilt 281 used in the film. Its older cab styling, consisting of a long hood, round headlights, and split windshield, looked like a menacing face to the director, and its decrepit condition helped to convey the dark specter motif that he was after. The addition of multiple license plates on the truck’s bumper was Spielberg’s idea, to suggest that the driver is a serial killer who has done this before to other drivers across the southwest.

The truck was powered by a 280 horsepower CAT 1673 turbocharged diesel engine with a 13-speed transmission and had a Rockwell TK-570 axle behind it. The top speed of such a setup was roughly 65 mph, so the impression of greater speed was accomplished by wise selections of camera lenses and low angles.

Spielberg’s chose of lenses and angles were able to make the tanker look like it was going faster than it was. (Photo courtesy of Universal Pictures.)

For the additional scenes filmed for the 1972-’73 theatrical release, a 1962 Peterbuilt 351 with a CAT 1673B engine was used.

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The vehicular action in Duel is truly top-notch, as one would expect since legendary Hollywood stuntman Carey Loftin was the stunt coordinator and driver of the big rig. Loftin’s previous credits included standouts like Viva Las Vegas, Bullitt (he was the on-screen driver of the bad guys’ Dodge Charger in that film), Grand Prix, Bonnie and Clyde, Vanishing Point, and The French Connection, amongst countless others.

His vehicle control behind the wheel of that big, ungainly Peterbuilt is remarkable and must be seen to be appreciated.

Maybe Mr. Mann should have walked instead of driven. (Photo courtesy of Universal Pictures.)

In all, Duel is a very finely crafted, and thoroughly enjoyable movie. Had I been a film critic at the time of the movie’s release, I would have had no trouble singling out Steven Spielberg as a future grand auteur of the medium. His directorial stamp can be felt over every frame of the film, and his choices here are always dead on.

Spielberg turned a potentially run-of-the-mill Movie of the Week into a project worthy of theatrical distribution at a time when I believe only a handful of other directors could have done so. I highly recommend that you see Duel if you never have, and I give it 8 out of 10 pistons.

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Movie Reviews

Movie Review: ‘Agon’ is a Somber Meditation on the Athletic Grind

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Movie Review: ‘Agon’ is a Somber Meditation on the Athletic Grind
Director: Giulio BertelliWriters: Giulio Bertelli, Pietro Caracciolo, Pietro CaraccioloStars: Yile Vianello, Alice Bellandi, Michela Cescon Synopsis: As the fictional Olympic Games of Ludoj 2024 approaches, Agon shows the stories of three athletes as they prepare and then compete in rifle shooting, fencing and judo. In his contemplative and visually rigorous film Agon, director Giulio Bertelli
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FILM REVIEW: ROSE OF NEVADA – Joyzine

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FILM REVIEW: ROSE OF NEVADA – Joyzine

‘4’, the opening track on Richard D James’ (Aphex Twin) self titled 1996 album is a piece of music that beautifully balances the chaotic with the serene, the oppressive and the freeing. It’s a trick that James has pulled off multiple times throughout his career and it is a huge part of what makes him such an iconic and influential artist. Many people have laid the “next Aphex Twin” label on musicians who do things slightly different and when you actually hear their music you realise that, once again, the label is flawed and applied with a lazy attitude. Why mention this? Well, it turns out we’ve been looking for James’ heir apparent in the wrong artform. We’ve so zoned in on music that we’ve not noticed that another Celtic son of Cornwall is rewriting an art form with that highwire balancing act between chaos and beauty. That artist is writer, director and composer Mark Jenkin who over his last two feature films has announced himself as an idiosyncratic voice who is creating his very own language within the world of cinema. Jenkin’s films are often centred around coastal towns or islands and whilst they are experimental or even unsettling, there is always a big heart at the centre of the narrative. A heart that cares about family, tradition, culture, and the pull of ‘home’. Even during the horror of 2022’s brilliant Enys Men you were anchored by the vulnerability and determination of its main protagonist. 

This month sees the release of Jenkin’s latest feature film, Rose of Nevada, which is set in a fractured and diminished Cornish coastal town. One day the fishing boat of the film’s title arrives back in harbour after being missing for thirty years. The boat is unoccupied. And frankly that is all the information you are going to get because to discuss any more plot would be unfair on you and disrespectful to Jenkin and the team behind the film.  You the viewer should be the one who decides what it is about because thematically there are so many wonderful threads to pull on. This writer’s opinions on what it is about have ranged from a theme of sacrifice for the good of a community to the conflict within when part of you wants to run away from your roots whilst the other half longs to stay and be a lifelong part of its tapestry. Is it about Brexit? Could be. Is it about our own relationships with time and our curation of memory? Could be. Is it about both the positives and negatives of nostalgia? Could be. As a side note, anyone in their mid-40s, like me, who came of age in the 1990s will certainly find moments of warm recognition. Is the film about ghosts and how they haunt families? Could be…I think you get the point. 

The elements that make the film so well balanced between chaos and calm are many. It is there in the differing performances between the brilliant two lead actors George MacKay and Callum Turner. It is there in the sound design which fluctuates from being unbearably harsh and metallic, to lulling and warm. It is there in the editing where short, sharp close ups on seemingly unimportant factors are counterbalanced with shots that are held for just that little bit too long. For a film set around the sea, it is apt that it can make you feel like you’re rolling on a stomach churning storm one minute, or a calming low tide the next. Dialogue can be front and centre or blurred and buried under static. One shot is bathed in harsh sunlight whilst the next can be drowned in interior shadows. 

Rose of Nevada is Mark Jenkin’s most ambitious film to date yet he has not lost a single iota of innovation, singularity of vision or his gift for telling the most human of stories. It is a film that will tell you different things each time you see it and whilst there are moments that can confuse or beguile, there is so much empathy and love that it can leave you crying tears of emotional understanding. It is chaotic. It is beautiful. It is life……

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Rose of Nevada is released on the 24th April. 

Mark Jenkin Instagram | Threads 

Released through the BFI – Instagram | Facebook

Review by Simon Tucker

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‘Hen’ movie review: György Pálfi pecks at Europe’s migrant crisis through the eyes of a chicken

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‘Hen’ movie review: György Pálfi pecks at Europe’s migrant crisis through the eyes of a chicken

A rogue chicken observes the world around it—and particularly the plight of immigrants in Greece—in Hen, which premiered at last year’s Toronto International Film Festival and is now playing in Prague cinemas (and with English subtitles at Kino Světozor and Edison Filmhub). This story of man through the eyes of an animal immediately recalls Robert Bresson’s Au Hasard Balthazar (and Jerzy Skolimowski’s more recent EO), but director and co-writer György Pálfi (Taxidermia) maintains a bitter, unsentimental approach that lands with unexpected force.

Hen opens with striking scenes inside an industrial poultry facility, where eggs are laid, processed, and shuttled along assembly lines of machinery and human hands in an almost mechanized rhythm of production. From this system emerges our protagonist: a black chick that immediately stands apart from the others, its entry into the world defined not by nature, but by an uncaring food industry.

The titular hen matures quickly within this environment before being loaded onto a truck with the others, presumably destined for slaughter. Because of her black plumage, she is singled out by the driver and rejected from the shipment, only to be told she will instead end up as soup in his wife’s kitchen. During a stop at a gas station, however, she escapes.

What follows is a journey through rural Greece by the sea, including an encounter with a fox, before she eventually finds refuge at a decaying roadside restaurant run by an older man (Yannis Kokiasmenos), his daughter (Maria Diakopanayotou), and her child. Discovered by the family’s dog Titan, she is placed in a coop alongside other chickens.

After finding a mate in the local rooster, she lays eggs that are regularly collected by the man; in one quietly unsettling scene, she watches him crack them open and cook them into an omelet. The hen repeatedly attempts to escape, as we slowly observe the true function of the property: it is being used as a transit point for migrants arriving in Greece by boat, facilitated by local criminal figures.

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Like Au Hasard Balthazar and EO, Hen largely resists anthropomorphizing its animal protagonist. The hen behaves as a hen, and the humans treat her accordingly, creating a work that feels unusually grounded and almost documentary in texture. At the same time, Pálfi allows space for the audience to project meaning onto her journey, never fully closing the gap between instinct and interpretation.

There are moments, however, where the film deliberately leans into stylization. A playful montage set to Ravel’s Boléro captures her repeated escape attempts from the coop, while a romantic musical cue underscores her brief pairing with the rooster. These sequences do not break the realism so much as refract it, gently encouraging us to read emotion into behavior that remains, on the surface, purely animal.

One of the film’s central narrative threads is the hen’s search for a safe space to lay her eggs without them being taken away by the restaurant owner. This deceptively simple instinct becomes a powerful thematic mirror for the film’s human subplot involving migrant trafficking. Pálfi draws a stark, often uncomfortable parallel between the treatment of animals as commodities and the treatment of displaced people as disposable bodies moving through a similar system of exploitation.

The film takes an increasingly bleak turn toward its climax as the migrant storyline comes fully into focus, sharpening its allegorical intent. The juxtaposition of animal and human vulnerability becomes more explicit, reinforcing the film’s central critique of systemic indifference and violence. While effective, this escalation feels unusually dark, and our protagonist’s unknowing role feels particularly cruel.

The use of animal actors in Hen is remarkable throughout. The hen—played by eight trained chickens—is seamlessly integrated into the film’s world, with seamless editing (by Réka Lemhényi) and staging so precise that at times it feels almost impossible without digital augmentation. While subtle effects work must assist at certain moments, the result is convincing throughout, including standout sequences involving a fox and a dog.

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Zoltán Dévényi and Giorgos Karvelas’ cinematography is also impressive, capturing both the intimacy of the hen’s low vantage point and the broader Greek landscape with striking clarity. The camera’s proximity to the animal world gives the film a distinct visual grammar, grounding its allegory in tactile observation rather than abstraction.

Hen is a challenging but often deeply affecting allegory that extends the tradition of animal-centered cinema while pushing it into harsher political territory. Pálfi’s approach—unsentimental, patient, and often confrontational—ensures the film lingers long after its final images. It is not an easy watch, nor a comfortable one, but it is a strikingly original piece of filmmaking that uses its unusual perspective to cast familiar human horrors in a stark, unsettling new light.

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