Education
Why Trump’s Ultimatum to Columbia Could Upend Higher Education
It was an obscure, 44-word demand toward the end of the Trump administration’s ultimatum to Columbia University this month ordering a dramatic overhaul of admissions and disciplinary rules. But it could prove to have consequences for colleges and universities nationwide.
With $400 million in canceled government grants and contracts on the line, federal officials ordered Columbia’s administration to place the university’s Middle Eastern studies department under academic receivership for at least five years.
Typically, a receivership is handled internally. University administrators can take the rare step of imposing the measure when a department descends into chaos. It is viewed as a last-resort solution to extended periods of internal strife and dysfunction.
This time is different. The call for a receivership is coming from outside the university — and directly from the White House. And it arrives at a moment when dozens of other colleges and universities are facing federal inquiries and fear a fate similar to Columbia’s.
“It is one small department in one university,” said Sheldon Pollock, a retired former chair of the Middle Eastern studies department at Columbia. “But it will reverberate across the entire country.”
The interdisciplinary program at the center of the government’s demand — the Middle Eastern, South Asian and African Studies Department — has been in a pitched battle for decades over its scholarship and employment of faculty members who describe themselves as anti-Zionist.
Several historians and veteran professors said that the move by the federal government to intervene in an academic department at a private university would be unparalleled in the modern history of U.S. higher education.
Laurie A. Brand, a professor emerita at the University of Southern California, who described the department as one of the most respected in the field, compared the move to the Turkish government’s centralized control of higher education during its “hard authoritarian turn” in the 2010s.
“I certainly don’t remember a case in the United States,” said Dr. Brand, the chair of the Committee on Academic Freedom at the Middle East Studies Association, an organization of scholars who focus on the region.
The swirling questions about the department’s future have emerged as the latest crisis for Columbia, where pro-Palestinian demonstrations against the war in Gaza ignited a national protest movement and animated debate over free speech and antisemitism. The federal government accused the university last week of failing to safeguard students and faculty members “from antisemitic violence and harassment,” calling for changes that include the school formalizing its definition of antisemitism.
The government said that it had extended its deadline to the end of Friday for Columbia to respond to its ultimatum, which would include offering a timeline for placing the Middle Eastern studies department under receivership.
College administrators across the nation are closely watching whether Columbia acts with deference or defiance.
As higher education institutions face federal scrutiny, many see the dispute over the department as a high-stakes test case for other Middle Eastern studies programs — and for other endeavors that could run afoul of conservative orthodoxy, such as centers for the study of climate change or gender and sexuality.
Dr. Pollock described the government’s “intrusion” as “jaw-dropping” and “a historic and astonishing event.”
Such a move would signal “the beginning of the end of the American university as we’ve known it since 1915,” the year that the American Association of University Professors first codified guidelines and practices for academic freedom.
A spokeswoman for the Department of Education, one of three federal agencies named in the letter to Columbia, did not respond to questions about the rationale for the receivership.
In a letter to the university on Wednesday, Columbia’s interim president, Katrina A. Armstrong, seemed to acknowledge the growing concern over how the school might respond.
“Legitimate questions about our practices and progress can be asked, and we will answer them,” Dr. Armstrong wrote. “But we will never compromise our values of pedagogical independence, our commitment to academic freedom or our obligation to follow the law.”
President Trump has previously homed in on Middle Eastern studies programs for potential bias, including in his first term. The Education Department, under its former head, Betsy DeVos, ordered Duke University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill to remake their jointly run Middle East studies program, accusing it of offering students a biased curriculum in violation of federal funding standards.
It was one example of the charged conflict over Middle Eastern studies, which has historically inspired debate, in part because the discipline can highlight academic scholarship that casts Israel in a negative light. At some institutions, students, professors, alumni and donors have been divided over the distinction between anti-Zionism and antisemitism in such work — and whether the two should be regarded as distinct issues.
Columbia’s Manhattan campus — and its roughly 50-member Middle Eastern, South Asian and African Studies Department — have been a hot spot for these disputes.
The department was a central focus of a 2004 documentary called “Columbia Unbecoming,” which interviewed students who had taken classes in the department and described facing intimidation from faculty members for their pro-Israel views. Its central thesis, which has been strenuously debated, depicted a systemic silencing of Jewish students in campus culture.
During the past 17 months of fighting in Gaza, the department has come under a wave of renewed scrutiny, including during a high-profile hearing on antisemitism last spring.
A number of Congressional Republicans took issue with some faculty members, including Joseph Massad, a tenured professor of Palestinian Christian descent who teaches modern Arab politics and intellectual history. Many students and alumni were enraged over an article he wrote after the Hamas attack, which included descriptors like “resistance offensive” and “awesome.”
Michelle Steel, a former Republican representative from California, said during the hearing that the article illustrated that the department had been “extremely hostile to both Israel and Jewish students” for more than two decades, and asked whether the school would consider “placing the department into receivership.”
Nemat Shafik, Columbia’s president at the time, avoided a direct answer. “Academic departments at Columbia are — there isn’t really a notion of receivership,” Dr. Shafik, who resigned from her post in August, responded.
Some Jewish organizations in recent months called on Columbia’s leadership to overhaul the department. Kenneth L. Marcus, the founder of the Brandeis Center in Washington, D.C., said that many Jewish students during the past two decades had “simply been warned to avoid the program altogether.”
It may be debatable whether academic receivership is the answer, Mr. Marcus said. Still, he called it a milestone for federal officials to recognize “that the campus problem cannot be solved without a faculty solution.”
The chair of the Columbia department, Gil Hochberg, did not respond to requests for comment.
It remains unclear what an academic receivership might entail. Several advocates of academic freedom raised concerns in interviews that the government might seek to influence the selection of a new department chair, who could have broad leeway to reshape course content or pursue the dismissal of tenured faculty members.
Others worried that the move could set a precedent for the Trump administration to make threats to federal funding at other universities over scholarship that it finds unfavorable. One professor wondered whether history departments could come under fire for courses that federal officials believed portray slavery and segregation too negatively.
Radhika Sainath, a senior staff attorney at Palestine Legal, which is representing Palestinian students in a civil rights case against Columbia, said that Middle Eastern studies departments had often been targeted for punishment or defunding because they challenged dominant narratives about Israel.
Ms. Sainath called the receivership demand “straight out of an authoritarian playbook where attacking universities is the first step,” and “any institution that represents opposition to Trump’s agenda” could be next.
It would not be Columbia’s first experiment with academic receivership. Some two decades ago, school administrators placed the Middle Eastern studies department under a one-year receivership and appointed an interim chair in part because of struggles to find a new leader, Dr. Pollock, the former chair, said.
And amid internal disputes over cultural shifts in the study of literature, Columbia leaders appointed a scholar from a Pennsylvania university to lead the English department in the early 2000s. A weekly newspaper in New York described the stakes in now familiar terms: “Crisis at Columbia.”
David Damrosch, a Harvard professor of comparative literature who was a member of Columbia’s English department at the time, said the move helped mend divisions. But he added that a receivership “might be the single most dangerous thing the administration has demanded out of everything.”
To Dr. Damrosch, who has studied academic culture at colleges, the current turmoil was vaguely reminiscent of a 1940s episode at the school now known as Iowa State University.
The school’s economics department — in a paper on economic policy for wartime food production — had proposed replacing butter with margarine, said Dr. Damrosch. The dairy industry and its supporters in the state legislature “went ballistic,” he said, pressuring the school’s president to place the department under receivership.
The move triggered an immediate backlash and mass departure of faculty members.
It might have also played a small role in the reshaping of the higher education landscape: At least six professors fled to Chicago, where they helped build one of the most renowned economics departments in the world.
Education
She Tried to Help Schools Build Healthier Playgrounds. Then Her E.P.A. Grant Was Canceled.
Lost Science is an ongoing series of accounts from scientists who have lost their jobs or funding after cuts by the Trump administration. The conversations have been edited for clarity and length. Here’s why we’re doing this.
Kirsten Beyer: We had a three-year study, funded by the Environmental Protection Agency, focused on environmental health among children. We had two main aims. The first was to develop a curriculum so that Milwaukee Public Schools teachers could teach about environmental health, environmental health disparities and climate change.
The second aim was to look at the impact of schoolyard greening on health and environmental outcomes. There’s this greening initiative in Milwaukee to redevelop schoolyards. Many of them were sheets of asphalt. A lot of them were in disrepair. The redevelopment plans included things like planting trees, adding outdoor classrooms, improving storm water drainage with green infrastructure and improving sports fields and natural play spaces.
We built a study to collect data before and after. There are lots of schools around the country that have similar situations, so we were excited about sharing our results and informing other jurisdictions about the impact of this redevelopment.
We had the kids complete surveys. We measured things like social and emotional health, environmental health literacy, attitudes toward outdoor play. We also had sensors that measured their physical activity levels, time spent outdoors and where they spent time in the schoolyard. We went out and observed recess. How are kids playing? How is conflict being resolved? How engaged are the teachers or monitors? We measured air pollution and how hot those schoolyards were before greening.
We were in the field in May 2025, collecting our final post-redevelopment data, when the grant was canceled. It was a shock. We had hired people as data collectors and had a month of data collection left.
I decided to rustle up some other resources just to get data collection done. But then we had no more money to support our community partners, staff or graduate students. We had to take people off this project.
Now we’re trying to do something with all of this data that we’ve collected: process it, analyze it and, importantly, share it.
We have just piles of data. There are papers that won’t get written and data that won’t be shared because this happened.
But I can’t just abandon this work. This is important to my community partners. This is important to other schools. And this is important to all of the kids who gave us their time, all the parents who allowed us to do research with their kids. There’s a moral imperative to continue the work, albeit slowly.
Kirsten Beyer is a health geographer at the Medical College of Wisconsin.
Education
Art Abounds on Campuses Outside of New York City
The Princeton University Art Museum recently made Time magazine’s top 100 list of The World’s Greatest Places of 2026. James Steward, director of the museum that reopened on Halloween in an acclaimed new building designed by Adjaye Associates, said of the ranking, “It normalizes the idea that we are a world-class destination.”
In its first five months alone, the museum has received 250,000 visitors — more than half from outside campus (Princeton’s old museum averaged 200,000 annually).
The surge of public interest in the Princeton museum’s new home, spotlighting a global collection of more than 117,000 objects, is a timely reminder that university and college art museums are filled with unexpected treasures — often showcased in architecturally significant buildings — and are free and accessible to all. Here are several standout exhibitions at academic museums in range of New York City that are worth a visit this month, when campuses are looking their spring best for reunions and graduations.
The glorious modernist home of the Yale Center for British Art — Louis I. Kahn’s last design, completed in 1977 after his death — reopened in March 2025 after a two-year architectural conservation. In the year since, the museum has welcomed 100,000 visitors and almost 300 class visits to study its collection of more than 100,000 works from the 15th century to today that present an expansive understanding of British art and its imperial history.
“British art isn’t an island story, it’s a global story,” said Martina Droth, the center’s director. A contemporary installation by Rina Banerjee, a recent acquisition on view for the first time through Sept. 13 in the museum’s entrance court, and the exhibition “Painters, Ports, and Profits: Artists and the East India Company, 1750-1850,” up through June 21, both speak to a deep connection to India.
“If British art is shaped by movement and exchange, then in ‘Painters, Ports, and Profits’ you see British artists who traveled to India because of the East India Company and found themselves working alongside Indian artists,” Droth said. “New things happen in terms of the aesthetics of the work, and you can really see that in the exhibition.”
The 115 works are mostly drawn from the collection and almost half are by Indian artists and workshops, including “Lucknow from the Gomti,” a 37-foot panoramic scroll of life along the river in that city in Northern India and a star of the show.
Banerjee, who was born in Kolkata and lived in London before moving to New York, has remade the form of the Taj Mahal in hot-pink semi-translucent plastic. Visible from the street through the glass doors and dangling from the ceiling, her playful floating sculptural palace allows visitors to enter and discover all sorts of colonial relics and commercial baubles embedded within.
The Museums Special Section
The Johnson Museum opened in 1973 in an I.M. Pei-designed building, which rises seven stories and frames spectacular views of the landscape with its expansive vertical and horizontal windows and fifth floor cantilevered over an open porch. The global collection numbers more than 40,000 objects, with particular strength in Asian art, and college classes made 335 visits in the last academic year.
Students from Cornell’s College of Agriculture and Life Sciences have spent considerable time with the exhibition “Naples: Course of Empire,” a series of seven panoramic canvases by Alexis Rockman on view through June 7, according to the museum’s curator of modern and contemporary art, Andrea Inselmann. Over the last four decades, Rockman has been a leading voice in the art world raising awareness about climate change through his paintings focused on all forms of life on Earth.
The works in this show were “inspired by Thomas Cole’s 19th-century cycle ‘The Course of Empire’ about the rise and fall of civilizations,” said Inselmann, who organized the exhibition. Taking Naples as a case study of a port city vulnerable to rising waters, Rockman used his signature style of deeply researched and lyrically rendered history painting to reimagine this landscape over geologic time starting from the Mesozoic Era. Paintings depict animals fleeing the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 A.D.; a rat flying over Naples spewing a noxious plume during the bubonic plague of the 1650s; and a whale breaching before the ruins of the city in a speculative post-human future.
“I thought this would be a very appropriate show for a college context,” Inselmann said. “Especially for younger generations, I think it provides a context and an environment to talk about climate change and to express their anxieties or their hopes for the future.”
On Skidmore’s campus in Saratoga Springs, famous for its horse racing and natural mineral springs, the Tang punches above its weight for a small liberal arts college museum with an ambitious exhibition program in a striking building designed by Antoine Predock. The museum generates about a dozen shows annually — often from its collection of nearly 20,000 objects, with strengths in contemporary art and photography — and drew more than 220 class visits from across disciplines this school year.
Anchoring the Tang’s 25th anniversary season this spring is “Kathy Butterly: Assume Yes,” a three-decade retrospective of the artist’s playful, inventive and sometimes jarring small-scale ceramic sculptures on view through July 26. “Kathy bridges the generation of Robert Arneson and Viola Frey, who were her teachers and innovators that moved ceramics from a purely craft environment to a museum and art conversation, and the world we’re in today where we see ceramics in lots of different ways all over gallery exhibitions,” said the Tang director Ian Berry, who organized the show. “Kathy is a real inspiration and key figure for this current moment.”
Forty-five of her eccentric vessels — miniature three-dimensional canvases for experimental glazes and textures, often crumpling expressively on their bases — are grouped chronologically across three huge platforms serving as the “rooms” of the show. Within the constraints of small shifts in scale, from four to eight inches say, “an entire universe changes,” Berry said. The title of the show comes from one of Butterly’s works. “‘Assume’ adds a little twist to the exclamation point of ‘Yes’,” he said. “It’s optimistic, it’s upbeat, but also it has a complexity to it.”
Alongside Princeton’s encyclopedic collections, displayed throughout the museum’s stunning complex of nine interlocking modernist pavilions, is “Willem de Kooning: The Breakthrough Years, 1945-50” — the first temporary loan exhibition in the new building — on view through July 26.
The show is built around Princeton’s own 1948 painting “Black Friday” — exhibited that year in de Kooning’s debut show at the Charles Egan Gallery in New York after he had struggled there in poverty for 15 years.
“It emerged as one of the essential pictures in de Kooning’s career,” said Steward, Princeton’s museum director, who agreed to loan “Black Friday” to the Museum of Modern Art for its major de Kooning retrospective in 2011 organized by the chief curator emeritus of painting and sculpture, John Elderfield.
Now, in turn, Elderfield has co-curated this exhibition of 18 paintings, drawn from more than a dozen museums and private collections and focused on the pivotal period when de Kooning found his artistic voice and helped to pioneer Abstract Expressionism.
“It is just such an incisive project that is physically modest in scope, but not modest at all intellectually or artistically,” Steward said. “That’s a sweet spot I really want us to occupy as a great academic museum.”
Education
Today, In Short
One of my favorite podcasts is “So True With Caleb Hearon,” hosted by Hearon, a comedian. He recently appeared in “The Devil Wears Prada 2” as Miranda Priestly’s assistant. Having grown up, as Hearon put it, “fat, gay and poor” in rural Missouri, he never dreamed of booking the role “a million girls would kill for.”
Read more.
Here’s what you need to know
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Middle East: Iran said yesterday that it was reviewing an American proposal to end the war. Washington is still awaiting Tehran’s response.
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California: Last night was the final televised debate before the primary for the state’s governor. The face-off between seven candidates was tame at first, but they eventually furiously attacked one another. See what went down.
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Hantavirus: Should you worry? Public health officials say the threat to the general public remains low based on what we know. Read more about the hantavirus.
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Jeffrey Epstein: A federal judge released a suicide note believed to be written by the convicted sex offender that had been sealed for years.
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Ted Turner: Turner, the media mogul, yachtsman and creator of CNN, died yesterday at his home in Florida. He was 87.
On an online note …
A few things you didn’t really need to know but now do:
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It’s been nearly 20 years since Guy Goma’s BBC appearance became an early viral internet moment. Goma thought he was interviewing for a job when he suddenly he found himself on air. He pulled it off much better than I could have.
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How are people getting their information about health and wellness? For at least half of U.S. adults under 50, it’s through influencers or podcasters, according to a new analysis.
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Clavicular, the looksmaxxing influencer, has been charged with shooting at an alligator during a livestream.
The New York Knicks hung on to the series lead in a 108-102 thriller against the Philadelphia 76ers. Game 3 is set for tomorrow in Philadelphia.
Read more.
Before you go, a quick recommendation
Nineteen books were recognized as winners or finalists of the Pulitzer Prize. I may add some to my reading list.
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