Culture
Marvin Gaye's NBA All-Star Game national anthem, 40 years later, still moves souls
Editor’s Note: This story is included in The Athletic’s Best of 2023. View the full list.
For one afternoon, America’s anointed theme song had a suede soul, velvety enough to be simultaneously sexy and spiritual.
For one afternoon, patriotism masqueraded as a Motown kind of cool. The Forum in Inglewood, Calif., was graced by a superstar’s serenade, stirring together hope and love, resilience and confidence, into a concoction delightful enough to be served on the rocks.
For one afternoon, the time set aside to honor America became a historic homage to the rhythm and blues of Blackness, a tribute to the resilient genius of African American culture.
And after that afternoon in Inglewood, neither “The Star-Spangled Banner” nor the NBA would ever be the same.
The NBA was not always, as some of its critics would later say, “woke.” Or even a Black league, as it’s now known.
For its first three-plus decades, the league was as strait-laced and non-controversial as the other major U.S. sports leagues. While individual star players like Bill Russell and Oscar Robertson pointed out the inequalities faced by the league’s Black players, both on and off the court, the NBA as a whole was conspicuously conservative. So much so, it was considered a big ask when then-Suns owner Jerry Colangelo went to CBS Sports president Bob Wussler in 1975 requesting two minutes at the top of the network’s upcoming broadcast of the All-Star Game in Phoenix so crooner Andy Williams could sing “By The Time I Get to Phoenix” with Henry Mancini’s orchestra.
It was into this vanilla void that stepped Marvin Pentz Gay Jr., on Feb. 13, 1983, on the floor of The Forum — at the time the home of the Los Angeles Lakers and, that day, the site of the NBA All-Star Game.
He was resplendent in a steel-blue suit, set off by a light-blue banker’s shirt and a blue gingham tie; a dangling white handkerchief added a bit of extra flair. His aviator sunglasses with the gradient and thin temples popped beneath the spotlight-style lighting on the court. This was a legend on a different level, and the awe of the audience was tangible from the moment he stepped to the mic.
No nexus between ballers and entertainers existed back then. No celebrity game during All-Star Weekend. (There was no All-Star Weekend; it was a one-day, one-game event.) The most notable, public friendship between an NBA star and musicians was Bill Walton’s lifetime affinity for the Grateful Dead.
Hip-hop was in its infancy as a commercially viable genre. Kurtis Blow was 18 months from releasing “Ego Trip,” his 1984 album featuring one of the first meshes of hoops and bars, “Basketball.” It would be a while before lyrics about star ballers were the norm.
Gay, though, was already a superstar. Adding an E to his surname, Marvin Gaye became one of Motown’s biggest stars during nearly two decades with the label, a musical leviathan whose seminal 1971 album “What’s Going On” was voted, almost 50 years later, as the greatest album of all time by Rolling Stone. It was more than just an innovative leap of popular music, but a soundtrack of social consciousness. It spoke of a time for a plighted community, and to a struggle still ongoing today.
Singing was only part of his incredible musical talent. But Gaye’s voice — stirring, sultry and defiant all at once — had become vox populi.
Gaye’s career was a paeon to surviving life’s tribulations and persevering. His ballads with Tammi Terrell. His 1968 classic “I Heard It Through the Grapevine,” which he reimagined into his own amazing, plaintive wail a year after Gladys Knight and the Pips’ version. His baby-making anthem “Let’s Get It On.” Even his bouts with depression — an issue throughout his life — and years of drug abuse. Fans claimed all of it, the angelic crooning and the flawed humanity.
By the early ’80s, Gaye had again fallen into depression. He was, however, in the beginnings of a comeback, having released his 17th album, “Midnight Love,” late in 1982. The album featured the hit “Sexual Healing,” which got Gaye back to the top of the charts at age 43. He was living cleaner, trying to deal with his demons.
Four months later, he seemed to glide onto The Forum floor. Minutes later, he had again reshaped a song in his voice, turning the national anthem into a ballad, a soulful call for our collective nation to, at long last, live up to the promises in the song’s words.
Ten days after his performance at the All-Star game, Gaye won his first Grammy. (Armando Gallo / Getty Images)
In ’83, Gaye was the second choice to sing the anthem at the All-Star game.
“I originally wanted Lionel Richie to do the anthem,” said Lon Rosen, now the executive vice president and chief marketing officer of the Los Angeles Dodgers. In 1983, the then-23-year-old Rosen was director of promotions for the Lakers and Kings, as well as special events for the Forum.
“The NBA was much different than it is now,” Rosen said. “The local team would really run most of the event. It was really like a normal game; there wasn’t much different. I had to get the anthem singer, but I did have to get approval. We worked with the TV network on the introductions.
“Back then, it was just a one-day event. … So, it was really more like a normal game with a little bit of input from the league on maybe one or two approvals. Because we had so many national games, we’d worked with the (CBS TV producers) Bob Stenners and Mike Burkses and Sandy Grossmans. It was a normal game for us.”
But someone — Rosen didn’t say who — in commissioner Larry O’Brien’s office vetoed Richie, who was starting his solo career and who would have three of Billboard’s Top 100 songs by the end of the year. Instead, Rosen went to Plan B: Gaye. He got approval to reach out to the singer, who quickly agreed to sing the anthem.
Gaye came to the Forum on Saturday, the day before the game, to rehearse — just as the East team was finishing its practice.
“We do the rehearsal, and it’s six minutes long,” Rosen said. “And we only have, really, 2 1/2 minutes. So, he’s done with it, and I said to him, ‘Marvin, we have to shorten it.’ He wouldn’t really focus on what I was saying. He was kind of turning around. I was kind of, like, going in a circle with him. It was kind of bizarre. And one of his, they weren’t really handlers, kind of stopped me from going in a circle with him.
“(Gaye) ended up saying, ‘OK, I’ll come back tomorrow with a shorter version.’ I said, ‘Why don’t you come in and let’s do it at, like, 11 o’clock?’ The game was at 12:30 (p.m.), or something.”
The next morning, game day, brought new anxiety to the young Lakers executive.
“He didn’t show up at 11,” Rosen said. “He didn’t show up at 11:15. He didn’t show up at 11:30. He didn’t show up at 12. By then I’m like, ‘Holy crap, what do I do?’ There was an usherette that worked (at the Forum) that I actually went to high school with; that was my backup anthem singer during the regular season. She was ready to sing the anthem.”
Seemingly at the last minute, Gaye arrived, walking down the center aisle of the Forum, dressed to the nines, with a cassette tape in his hand. It was the drum track that had been laid down Saturday by Gaye and his longtime collaborator, guitarist Gordon Banks, at Gaye’s sister’s house in L.A. Rosen quickly got the tape upstairs to the building’s sound engineer.
Standing on the East team’s introduction line was Marques Johnson, in his fourth All-Star game, a young star with the Milwaukee Bucks. Born in Louisiana, Johnson and his family moved to Los Angeles when he was a child. He starred at nearby Crenshaw High before becoming all-America at UCLA.
“I just remember being out on the floor when Marvin came out,” Johnson said. “It’s back home for me in Los Angeles. I had flown this kid out from Milwaukee who actually was a burn victim, Maltese Williams. He had gotten in a fire and he was in a coma, and he came out of the coma. I was visiting him at the hospital in Milwaukee and then had the idea to bring him out for the All-Star Game. It was just a big, exciting time.
Isiah Thomas stood near his Eastern Conference teammate. He, like so many his age, was a big fan of Gaye. Thomas said he’d met him a couple of times. The first time was his rookie season in 1981. He and Magic Johnson saw Gaye perform at the Palladium in L.A.
“He hit ‘Distant Lover,’” Thomas said. “Oh, man. G–damn. Whoo! He sung the s— out of that song!”
Thomas said they went backstage to meet Gaye after the show. Magic Johnson did all the talking. Thomas, starstruck, stood there silent. It was all he could to keep his mouth from hitting the floor.
Two years later, he was centerstage with Gaye at the All-Star Game. Still starstruck.
“So Marvin walks out,” Thomas said. “They got his music, he grabs the mic … just as cool as ever. But the anthem music doesn’t come on. It’s another beat. The first thing you notice is, ‘Wait a minute; this ain’t the national anthem soundtrack.’”
There have been other memorable versions of the anthem. Whitney Houston delivered a powerful rendition before Super Bowl XXV in 1991, days into the Gulf War. But if Houston’s adaptation fit neatly into the jingoistic narrative of a nation at war, Gaye’s version spoke to a different kind of patriotism, one in which Black Americans were, still, waiting for the country to do what it said it was going to do.
“I listened to it again (last month),” Marques Johnson said, four decades later, “and I got chills.”
“I will never forget it as long as I live,” said Thomas, then appearing in the second of his 12 All-Star Games. “It was the most amazing feeling in the world.
“I remember when he walked onto the floor, with his sunglasses on. We all loved Marvin Gaye. We knew how cool he was. But you’ve got to put yourself in our place as players. For the anthem, you stand straight, at full attention. Hands by your sides, or you put your hand over your heart. The place is silent, except for the person who’s singing.”
In a 1987 Showtime special about his life and career — premiering three years after Gaye was shot and killed in 1984 by his father, Marvin Gay Sr., following an argument at his parents’ Los Angeles home — Gaye said, “I felt that singing it with that kind of music in the background gave me an inspiration. And I asked God that when I sang it, that it move men’s souls.”
No one remembers what happened in the game. No one. Including the players.
“If you ask anybody about the L.A. All-Star Game, they say, ‘That’s the Marvin Gaye national anthem game,’” Thomas said.
Totems like the anthem were still sacrosanct. They were not to be altered, amended, reinterpreted. Gaye had sung the anthem before sporting events many times, but with more of the traditional rendering.
In October 1968, Gaye sang the anthem in Detroit before Game 4 of the World Series between the Tigers and Cardinals. That was toward the end of a year in which America nearly came unglued. Martin Luther King Jr. and Bobby Kennedy were assassinated within weeks of one another in the spring, with King’s death in April touching off riots in large swaths of the country, accelerating both the decline of Black-owned businesses in the inner cities and White flight to the suburbs.
The Democratic national convention, in Chicago in August, became the scene of a police riot to quell protestors, at the behest of Chicago Mayor Richard J. Daley.
But when Gaye sang the anthem at the World Series, he sang it straight, at the request of the Tigers’ legendary play-by-play man, Ernie Harwell, who was in charge of picking anthem singers during the Series.
(Ironically, before the next game, Game 5, of the Series, folk singer Jose Feliciano sparked a controversy when he sang the anthem — a guitar version in which Feliciano took a few liberties with the song’s tempo that, today, seem harmless, but which were almost universally panned at the time and damaged his career.)
Two weeks after the World Series, U.S. sprinters Tommie Smith and John Carlos, who’d won the gold and bronze medals, respectively, in the 200-meter dash at the Summer Olympics in Mexico City, each raised a fist, upon which each wore a black glove, during the playing of the anthem at the medal ceremony. They were, they said, protesting poverty, calling attention to the murders of slaves and lynchings of freed Black people, and celebrating Black Unity. Within 48 hours, they were kicked out of Mexico City.
Gaye had been sports-adjacent even as he became a musical icon. He worked out for the Detroit Lions in 1970, believing he could “score a touchdown” the first time he touched the ball — even though he’d never played in high school or college. He had befriended Lions Hall of Fame defensive back Lem Barney and Pro Bowler Mel Farr; both are among the background singers on “What’s Going On.”
Years later, Gaye knew the significance of the court where he stood, the magnitude of the players lined up behind him and the intimacy of the setting.
By the end of the first line — which Gaye shortened to “Say, can you see,” omitting the opening “Oh” — the crowd began gasping and squealing.
“He gets to singing, and, I swear, I’ll never forget it,” Thomas said. “He’s singing, and without you even realizing what you’re doing, you’re swaying. You’re supposed to be standing at attention. But, you’re swaying. And I’m thinking ‘I’ve gotta stop swaying.’
“But then I look at the players on the other end, and they’re swaying, too. And you look at the audience, and they’re swaying, too.”
Gaye started ramping up towards the end of the song, turning up the passion on his lounge vibe. He raised clenched fists as he leaned into “banner,” stretching it out with a run. By the time he throttled back to smooth out “yet waves,” the crowd of 17,505 could no longer resist the melody. They started, on their own, clapping to the beat of the drum track.
“You’re going, ‘What the hell?’” Thomas said. “‘This is the national anthem. Ain’t nobody supposed to be moving. And they’re really not supposed to be clapping. I’ve never been in a building since where everybody was moving and swaying and clapping.”
Marques Johnson noticed, too.
“I was facing three former teammates: Jamaal Wilkes from UCLA, Alex English with the Bucks and Kiki VanDeWeghe from UCLA,” he said. “I looked at each one of their faces. Kiki kind of smirked, like, ‘What’s going on?’ Jamaal kind of looked and we shared a moment. Same with Alex. Kind of like, ‘Whoa.’
“The first thought was something to the effect of, like, the uber-patriots, Marvin’s kind of messing with the national anthem. ‘Boy, he’s going to get some blowback for this.’ But then as he went on, and it was so iconic and funky and soulful, all that good stuff, that wasn’t the thought. I was just standing there and enjoying the moment, realizing that this is a unique, special experience that we were all a part of.”
Gaye bent the song to his will and tempo, going fast on some sections, slowing down in others. He’d squat a little when really belting and used his hands to help emphasize his points. He adlibbed in some open spaces — “through the perilous fight … oh lawd … oooooh, the fight” — and in others he dropped his head and his arms to barely back off the mic, letting the beat build anticipation for his next riff.
“As great as Whitney was,” Thomas said, “Wasn’t nobody clapping when she sang it.”
The players, of course, couldn’t join in.
“You wanted to clap,” Marques Johnson said. “But I knew I couldn’t do that. National TV, you can’t just start partying and boogying to the anthem. But then the crowd, they started clapping the last 30 seconds or so. They started clapping and really getting into it and grooving. It was a real special, iconic moment to be a part of.”
When Gaye finished, Rosen said, “He walked right out of the building, and I never saw him again.”
The immediate reaction, in some quarters, was not sanguine. Rosen thought he was going to be fired, after O’Brien, as Rosen recalled, “tore me a new (one)” when Gaye was finished. Phones rang with angry callers.
Fortunately for Rosen, his immediate boss, the late Jerry Buss, the Lakers’ owner, loved Gaye’s rendition, so his job was secure.
Over time, what Buss recognized, what the players knew instantly, became clearer to the masses. What happened that one night in Inglewood became the watershed moment it deserved.
Marvin Gaye’s performance not only legitimized the A-list worthiness of the NBA All-Star Game and the league itself, but it opened the door for future artists to express the diversity of the U.S. through creative license with “The Star-Spangled Banner.” For one day, the anthem was dipped in Blackness by one of the all-time greats and came up magic.
“I wish I could have broken protocol; forget the (player) introductions and all this, we’ve got to go give it up to him,” Marques Johnson said, four decades later. “‘Cause he knew what he had done. And as players, sitting there and listening to it, there was a vibe, a special vibe, that you had really heard something. … He turned that thing into his own, a funky rendition that, I dare say, nobody else has ever approached.”
(Illustration: Eamonn Dalton/The Athletic; photos: Andrew D. Bernstein, Brian Drake and David Redfern / Getty Images)
Culture
Try This Quiz and See How Much You Know About Jane Austen
“Window seat with garden view / A perfect nook to read a book / I’m lost in my Jane Austen…” sings Kristin Chenoweth in “The Girl in 14G” — what could be more ideal? Well, perhaps showing off your literary knowledge and getting a perfect score on this week’s super-size Book Review Quiz Bowl honoring the life, work and global influence of Jane Austen, who turns 250 today. In the 12 questions below, tap or click your answers to the questions. And no matter how you do, scroll on to the end, where you’ll find links to free e-book versions of her novels — and more.
Culture
Revisiting Jane Austen’s Cultural Impact for Her 250th Birthday
On Dec. 16, 1775, a girl was born in Steventon, England — the seventh of eight children — to a clergyman and his wife. She was an avid reader, never married and died in 1817, at the age of 41. But in just those few decades, Jane Austen changed the world.
Her novels have had an outsize influence in the centuries since her death. Not only are the books themselves beloved — as sharply observed portraits of British society, revolutionary narrative projects and deliciously satisfying romances — but the stories she created have so permeated culture that people around the world care deeply about Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy, even if they’ve never actually read “Pride and Prejudice.”
With her 250th birthday this year, the Austen Industrial Complex has kicked into high gear with festivals, parades, museum exhibits, concerts and all manner of merch, ranging from the classily apt to the flamboyantly absurd. The words “Jane mania” have been used; so has “exh-Aust-ion.”
How to capture this brief life, and the blazing impact that has spread across the globe in her wake? Without further ado: a mere sampling of the wealth, wonder and weirdness Austen has brought to our lives. After all, your semiquincentennial doesn’t come around every day.
By ‘A Lady’
Austen published just four novels in her lifetime: “Sense and Sensibility” (1811), “Pride and Prejudice” (1813), “Mansfield Park” (1814) and “Emma” (1815). All of them were published anonymously, with the author credited simply as “A Lady.” (If you’re in New York, you can see this first edition for yourself at the Grolier Club through Feb. 14.)
Where the Magic Happened
Placed near a window for light, this diminutive walnut table was, according to family lore, where the author did much of her writing. It is now in the possession of the Jane Austen Society.
An Iconic Accessory
Few of Austen’s personal artifacts remain, contributing to the author’s mystique. One of them is this turquoise ring, which passed to her sister-in-law and then her niece after her death. In 2012, the ring was put up for auction and bought by the “American Idol” champion Kelly Clarkson. This caused quite a stir in England; British officials were loath to let such an important cultural artifact leave the country’s borders. Jane Austen’s House, the museum now based in the writer’s Hampshire home, launched a crowdfunding campaign to Bring the Ring Home and bought the piece from Clarkson. The real ring now lives at the museum; the singer has a replica.
Austen Onscreen
Since 1940, when Austen had a bit of a moment and Greer Garson and Laurence Olivier starred in MGM’s rather liberally reinterpreted “Pride and Prejudice,” there have been more than 20 international adaptations of Austen’s work made for film and TV (to say nothing of radio). From the sublime (Emma Thompson’s Oscar-winning “Sense and Sensibility”) to the ridiculous (the wholly gratuitous 2022 remake of “Persuasion”), the high waists, flickering firelight and double weddings continue to provide an endless stream of debate fodder — and work for a queen’s regiment of British stars.
Jane Goes X-Rated
The rumors are true: XXX Austen is a thing. “Jane Austen Kama Sutra,” “Pride and Promiscuity: The Lost Sex Scenes of Jane Austen” and enough slash fic and amateur porn to fill Bath’s Assembly Rooms are just the start. Purists may never recover.
A Lady Unmasked
Austen’s final two completed novels, “Northanger Abbey” and “Persuasion,” were published after her death. Her brother Henry, who oversaw their publication, took the opportunity to give his sister the recognition he felt she deserved, revealing the true identity of the “Lady” behind “Pride and Prejudice,” “Emma,” etc. in a biographical note. “The following pages are the production of a pen which has already contributed in no small degree to the entertainment of the public,” he wrote, extolling his sister’s imagination, good humor and love of dancing. Still, “no accumulation of fame would have induced her, had she lived, to affix her name to any productions of her pen.”
Wearable Tributes
It is a truth universally acknowledged that a Jane Austen fan wants to find other Jane Austen fans, and what better way to advertise your membership in that all-inclusive club than with a bit of merch — from the subtle and classy to the gloriously obscene.
The Austen Literary Universe
On the page, there is no end to the adventures Austen and her characters have been on. There are Jane Austen mysteries, Jane Austen vampire series, Jane Austen fantasy adventures, Jane Austen Y.A. novels and, of course, Jane Austen romances, which transpose her plots to a remote Maine inn, a Greenwich Village penthouse and the Bay Area Indian American community, to name just a few. You can read about Austen-inspired zombie hunters, time-traveling hockey players, Long Island matchmakers and reality TV stars, or imagine further adventures for some of your favorite characters. (Even the obsequious Mr. Collins gets his day in the sun.)
A Botanical Homage
Created in 2017 to mark the 200th anniversary of Austen’s death, the “Jane Austen” rose is characterized by its intense orange color and light, sweet perfume. It is bushy, healthy and easy to grow.
Aunt Jane
Hoping to cement his beloved aunt’s legacy, Austen’s nephew James Edward Austen-Leigh published this biography — a rather rosy portrait based on interviews with family members — five decades after her death. The book is notable not only as the source (biased though it may be) of many of the scant facts we know about her life, but also for the watercolor portrait by James Andrews that serves as its frontispiece. Based on a sketch by Cassandra, this depiction of Jane is softer and far more winsome than the original: Whether that is due to a lack of skill on her sister’s part or overly enthusiastic artistic license on Andrews’s, this is the version of Austen most familiar to people today.
Cultural Currency
In 2017, the Bank of England released a new 10-pound note featuring Andrews’s portrait of Austen, as well as a line from “Pride and Prejudice”: “I declare after all there is no enjoyment like reading!” Austen is the third woman — other than the queen — to be featured on British currency, and the only one currently in circulation.
In the Trenches
During World War I and World War II, British soldiers were given copies of Austen’s works. In his 1924 story “The Janeites,” Rudyard Kipling invoked the grotesque contrasts — and the strange comfort — to be found in escaping to Austen’s well-ordered world amid the horrors of trench warfare. As one character observes, “There’s no one to touch Jane when you’re in a tight place.”
Baby Janes
You’re never too young to learn to love Austen — or that one’s good opinion, once lost, may be lost forever.
The Austen Industrial Complex
Maybe you’ve not so much as seen a Jane Austen meme, let alone read one of her novels. No matter! Need a Jane Austen finger puppet? Lego? Magnetic poetry set? Lingerie? Nameplate necklace? Plush book pillow? License plate frame? Bath bomb? Socks? Dog sweater? Whiskey glass? Tarot deck? Of course you do! And you’re in luck: What a time to be alive.
Around the Globe
Austen’s novels have been translated into more than 40 languages, including Polish, Finnish, Chinese and Farsi. There are active chapters of the Jane Austen Society, her 21st-century fan club, throughout the world.
Playable Persuasions
In Austen’s era, no afternoon tea was complete without a rousing round of whist, a trick-taking card game played in two teams of two. But should you not be up on your Regency amusements, you can find plenty of contemporary puzzles and games with which to fill a few pleasant hours, whether you’re piecing together her most beloved characters or using your cunning and wiles to land your very own Mr. Darcy.
#SoJaneAusten
The wild power of the internet means that many Austen moments have taken on lives of their own, from Colin Firth’s sopping wet shirt and Matthew Macfadyen’s flexing hand to Mr. Collins’s ode to superlative spuds and Mr. Knightley’s dramatic floor flop. The memes are fun, yes, but they also speak to the universality of Austen’s writing: More than two centuries after her books were published, the characters and stories she created are as relatable as ever.
Bonnets Fit for a Bennett
For this summer’s Grand Regency Costumed Promenade in Bath, England — as well as the myriad picnics, balls, house parties, dinners, luncheons, teas and fetes that marked the anniversary — seamstresses, milliners, mantua makers and costume warehouses did a brisk business, attiring the faithful in authentic Regency finery. And that’s a commitment: A bespoke, historically accurate bonnet can easily run to hundreds of dollars.
Most Ardently, Jane
Austen was prolific correspondent, believed to have written thousands of letters in her lifetime, many to her sister, Cassandra. But in an act that has frustrated biographers for centuries, upon Jane’s death, Cassandra protected her sister’s privacy — and reputation? — by burning almost all of them, leaving only about 160 intact, many heavily redacted. But what survives is filled with pithy one-liners. To wit: “I do not want people to be very agreeable, as it saves me the trouble of liking them a great deal.”
Stage and Sensibility
Austen’s works have been adapted numerous times for the stage. Some plays (and musicals) hew closely to the original text, while others — such as Emily Breeze’s comedic riff on “Pride and Prejudice,” “Are the Bennet Girls OK?”, which is running at New York City’s West End Theater through Dec. 21 — use creative license to explore ideas of gender, romance and rage through a contemporary lens.
Austen 101
Austen remains a reliable fount of academic scholarship; recent conference papers have focused on the author’s enduring global reach, the work’s relationship to modern intersectionality, digital humanities and “Jane Austen on the Cheap.” And as one professor told our colleague Sarah Lyall of the Austen amateur scholarship hive, “Woe betide the academic who doesn’t take them seriously.”
W.W.J.D.
When facing problems — of etiquette, romance, domestic or professional turmoil — sometimes the only thing to do is ask: What would Jane do?
Culture
I Think This Poem Is Kind of Into You
A famous poet once observed that it is difficult to get the news from poems. The weather is a different story. April showers, summer sunshine and — maybe especially — the chill of winter provide an endless supply of moods and metaphors. Poets like to practice a double meteorology, looking out at the water and up at the sky for evidence of interior conditions of feeling.
The inner and outer forecasts don’t always match up. This short poem by Louise Glück starts out cold and stays that way for most of its 11 lines.
And then it bursts into flame.
“Early December in Croton-on-Hudson” comes from Glück’s debut collection, “Firstborn,” which was published in 1968. She wrote the poems in it between the ages of 18 and 23, but they bear many of the hallmarks of her mature style, including an approach to personal matters — sex, love, illness, family life — that is at once uncompromising and elusive. She doesn’t flinch. She also doesn’t explain.
Here, for example, Glück assembles fragments of experience that imply — but also obscure — a larger narrative. It’s almost as if a short story, or even a novel, had been smashed like a glass Christmas ornament, leaving the reader to infer the sphere from the shards.
We know there was a couple with a flat tire, and that a year later at least one of them still has feelings for the other. It’s hard not to wonder if they’re still together, or where they were going with those Christmas presents.
To some extent, those questions can be addressed with the help of biographical clues. The version of “Early December in Croton-on-Hudson” that appeared in The Atlantic in 1967 was dedicated to Charles Hertz, a Columbia University graduate student who was Glück’s first husband. They divorced a few years later. Glück, who died in 2023, was never shy about putting her life into her work.
But the poem we are reading now is not just the record of a passion that has long since cooled. More than 50 years after “Firstborn,” on the occasion of receiving the Nobel Prize for literature, Glück celebrated the “intimate, seductive, often furtive or clandestine” relations between poets and their readers. Recalling her childhood discovery of William Blake and Emily Dickinson, she declared her lifelong ardor for “poems to which the listener or reader makes an essential contribution, as recipient of a confidence or an outcry, sometimes as co-conspirator.”
That’s the kind of poem she wrote.
“Confidence” can have two meanings, both of which apply to “Early December in Croton-on-Hudson.” Reading it, you are privy to a secret, something meant for your ears only. You are also in the presence of an assertive, self-possessed voice.
Where there is power, there’s also risk. To give voice to desire — to whisper or cry “I want you” — is to issue a challenge and admit vulnerability. It’s a declaration of conquest and a promise of surrender.
What happens next? That’s up to you.
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