Crypto
TVA awarded $18 million in credits to Knoxville cryptocurrency mine
What is the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)?
The Tennessee Valley Authority, based in Knoxville, is the nation’s largest public power provider, but also fills other big roles.
The resolution of a Freedom of Information Act lawsuit shows the Tennessee Valley Authority promised $18 million in electricity incentives over five years to Bitdeer, a cryptocurrency miner operating in Knoxville as Carpenter Creek.
The total amount paid out by TVA was closer to $21 million, according to records from the Knoxville Utility Board, due to the crypto miner’s actual consumption. From 2020 to 2025, Carpenter Creek paid nearly $113 million to KUB in utility charges, with nearly 20% of that offset by TVA incentive credits. The crypto mine also received a $125,000 grant from TVA.
The lawsuit to obtain the information was filed in 2024 after TVA refused to disclose its agreements with the crypto company to mine Bitcoin. Carpenter Creek used 86 megawatts of energy in the last quarter of 2025, enough to power tens of thousands of homes.
While TVA initially withheld the contracts under various exemptions, the documents were released in November after the contract obligations were complete. As part of the settlement, TVA agreed to pay $9,440.88 in attorney’s fees and costs. The plaintiff, reporter Melanie Faizer, was represented by attorney Paul McAdoo of the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press.
TVA says data center growth to double by 2030
Though TVA says it no longer seeks out data centers or crypto miners as customers, it did provide an unknown number of incentive contracts to those companies from about 2018 through 2023 that helped draw them to the region.
Now those data centers and cryptocurrency mines are putting pressure on the energy consumption landscape.
As of 2025, they accounted for 18% of TVA’s industrial power use, up from just 1% in 2019. TVA projects data center growth could double by 2030, and recently announced plans to add 150 megawatts of power to xAI’s Memphis data center.
Those incentives “were bad policy,” said Stephen Smith, executive director of the advocacy group Southern Alliance for Clean Energy. Those types of operations typically don’t employ many people, which is one of the reasons TVA, under former CEO Jeff Lyash, discontinued the incentives. TVA has long kept its economic incentive contracts secret.
“There’s no independent entity that looks over TVA’s shoulder on this,” Smith said. “There’s nobody external to the agency that is reviewing their policy, whereas for somebody like Southern Company or Duke Energy … the regulators can have visibility on these incentive packages.”
Lawmakers push for transparency
Federal lawmakers are seeking more transparency from TVA. U.S. Reps. Steve Cohen and Tim Burchett recently reintroduced the TVA Increase Rate of Participation Act, which aims to end what they describe as “obscure and opaque” decision-making by the federal utility.
Cohen said the current planning process relies on “hand-picked” organizations rather than broad stakeholder input, a practice he said must change to meet the region’s growing energy needs.
Energy planning also affects the cost to residential consumers, according to the Southern Alliance for Clean Energy, which argues TVA has “prioritized industrial customers over the public.” The nonpartisan group Think Tennessee found Tennessee ranked 45th nationally in savings from energy-efficiency programs, resulting in higher bills for residents. That same report showed a decline in energy reliability.
TVA said it’s investing $11 billion over the next three years to build power generation and expand the grid. In a February webcast, TVA also said it’s now considering a separate rate category for larger electricity consumers like the data centers.
“Our focus is to protect consumers from subsidizing energy for other customers,” TVA spokesperson Scott Fiedler said.
In a follow-up request to obtain TVA’s other incentive contracts to crypto mines, the utility said its records don’t specify companies as “cryptocurrency companies” and so it was “unable to identify or locate further records.” A second request to obtain some of those contracts is pending.
Risks to utilities
The crypto miners’ presence could pose a credit risk for utilities like KUB that have come to rely on the income from an unstable and risky industry. Carpenter Creek’s monthly payments to the KUB averaged $1.8 million per month in 2024 as KUB’s largest industrial customer.
KUB, in an emailed statement, said that “while the majority of a customer’s electric bill goes toward the cost of purchasing power from TVA, loss of a large customer from KUB’s service area results in decreased revenue for KUB to operate and maintain the electric system.”
The KUB said that Carpenter Creek paid up front for the electrical infrastructure upgrades required to support its operations on KUB’s system.
Melanie Fazier is a journalist and professor of practice at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville. Email: mfaizer@utk.edu.
Crypto
Crypto’s Liquidity Outlook Darkens as Fed Hawkish Pivot Pushes Hike Odds to 77%
Key Takeaways
- Wintermute warned tighter Fed policy could slow key liquidity channels into crypto markets.
- Officials lifted the median 2026 rate outlook as inflation concerns broadened.
- Tighter monetary policy can raise funding costs and reduce risk appetite, limiting demand across all three channels.
Warsh-Led Fed Reprices Rate Expectations as Inflation Risks Move Higher
Crypto markets entered a tighter liquidity environment after the Federal Reserve held rates steady while signaling a firmer stance on inflation. Wintermute, a crypto market maker and liquidity provider, said the shift created a more challenging backdrop for digital assets reliant on sustained capital inflows.
Referring to the Fed’s policy shift and its implications for capital flows into digital assets, Wintermute wrote:
“For an asset class that needs liquidity arriving through ETFs, stablecoins and DATs, a Fed leaning toward tightening is the opposite of what gets those funnels flowing.”
Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) channel institutional capital into crypto markets, stablecoins provide dollar-linked liquidity used for trading and settlement, and digital asset treasuries commonly refer to corporate or institutional balance sheets allocating funds to crypto. Tighter monetary policy typically raises borrowing costs and reduces risk appetite, which can slow inflows across all three channels.
Federal Reserve officials, at Kevin Warsh’s first meeting as chair, removed any easing bias and shifted projections toward tighter policy. The median 2026 rate outlook rose to 3.8% from 3.4%, with nine of 18 policymakers now expecting at least one hike this year and 17 flagging upside inflation risks. Markets reacted quickly, pushing December hike odds to about 77% from roughly 24% a month earlier.
Officials also shortened the policy statement to 130 words from 341, reinforcing the sharper change in tone. Brent crude fell 8.2% during the week on expectations tied to a reopening of the Strait, yet Wintermute noted that the Fed’s inflation concern appeared broader than energy.
Iran Breakdown Forces Crypto to Absorb Weekend Repricing
Geopolitical tensions added pressure after an Iran agreement expected to be signed on June 19 unraveled before completion. Israel’s strikes in southern Lebanon led Iran to exit negotiations, delaying a planned signing ceremony in Switzerland. Qatar has since worked to keep talks alive into late June, leaving the outcome uncertain.
Attention now shifts to upcoming macro data and diplomacy. The May Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) report will provide updated inflation readings, while Qatar’s mediation efforts will shape near-term geopolitical risk and energy market stability.
Wintermute highlighted the near-term catalysts tied to both macro data and diplomacy:
“May PCE on Friday, and the Qatar talks are the near-term catalysts.”
Market structure amplified the impact. U.S. equities were closed for Juneteenth, delaying repricing, while crypto traded through the weekend and absorbed the shift immediately.
BTC fell 3.8% for the week, dropping from near $67,000 to around $62,000 before stabilizing in the low $60,000s. ETH declined 1.2% and fell back below the $2,000 level, while altcoins were broadly flat. The move triggered about $600 million in long liquidations versus under $90 million in shorts, extending June’s pattern of one-sided unwinds.
Crypto
Man arrested for allegedly stealing $50,000 during meeting to purchase cryptocurrency
SINGAPORE – A man was arrested for allegedly stealing cash amounting to $50,000 from a victim during a meeting to purchase cryptocurrency late at night on June 21.
According to the police, who were alerted to a case of theft in New Upper Changi Road at 11.55pm that day, the victim had arranged to meet the suspect to purchase USDT cryptocurrency amounting to $100,000.
While preparing to hand the money over to the suspect, the victim had placed a portion of the cash on a bench, the police said in a statement on June 23.
The 25-year-old suspect then allegedly grabbed $50,000 worth of the cash placed on the bench and fled the scene.
Police officers arrested the suspect after establishing his identity with footage from police and CCTV cameras, and recovered cash amounting to $7,450.
The suspect is expected to be charged with the offence of theft on June 24. If found guilty, he can be jailed for up to three years, fined, or both.
Crypto
Safaricom Teams With Chainalysis as AI Hunts Payments Linked to Illegal Wildlife Trade
Key Takeaways
- Safaricom, Google, and Meta joined a United for Wildlife taskforce in 2024 to crush illegal trafficking.
- AI will monitor M-Pesa to disrupt a $23B illicit market that puts 1M species at risk of extinction.
- Next, British Airways and Heathrow will launch public campaigns to tighten the net on global smugglers.
Squeezing the Financial Flows
Kenyan telecom giant Safaricom has joined forces with a coalition of international technology, payments, and cryptocurrency firms to dismantle the financial networks driving the illegal wildlife trade. The initiative was announced at a recent event convened by Prince William and The Royal Foundation’s United for Wildlife taskforce.
According to a report, the coalition brings together technology giants, including Google, Meta, Tiktok, and Alibaba. The companies have committed to completely eradicating wildlife trafficking from their platforms using artificial intelligence (AI)-driven detection and prevention systems to catch illicit listings before sales take place.
While social media and e-commerce platforms focus on front-end listings, the battle is simultaneously moving to the financial back-end. Illegal wildlife trafficking is an extensively lucrative enterprise, with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) estimating it generates up to $23 billion annually. It is a driving factor behind putting an estimated one million plant and animal species at risk of extinction.
To sever these financial lifelines, Safaricom—alongside its parent companies Vodafone and Vodacom—will deploy AI within its anti-money laundering (AML) and transaction monitoring systems. The AI will be integrated across M-Pesa, Africa’s leading mobile money platform, to flag and disrupt suspicious transactions linked to poaching and trafficking syndicates.
Concurrently, mainstream payment processors and major cryptocurrency analytics firms—including Paypal, Chainalysis, TRM Labs, and Luno—have pledged to use blockchain tracking and advanced digital forensics to hunt down and expose cross-border crypto wallets and alternative payment pathways used by wildlife smugglers.
The urgent need for digital and financial intervention is underscored by the historic devastation of Africa’s iconic megafauna, most notably the white rhinoceros. The species serves as a stark warning of how rapidly unregulated, criminal markets can push an animal to the absolute brink of extinction.
While intensive, century-long conservation efforts successfully revived the Southern White Rhino population to around 17,000, a resurgence in organized poaching over the last two decades has threatened to undo those gains. Rhino horn, which is composed of keratin (the same protein found in human hair and fingernails), has been sold on the black market for up to $60,000 per kilogram—making it more valuable by weight than gold or cocaine.
This immense profit margin shifted poaching from localized hunting to highly organized, transnational crime syndicates. By cutting off the modern payment infrastructure used by these syndicates, the new coalition aims to ensure other vulnerable species do not suffer the same fate.
A Unified Front
The private sector’s massive, coordinated pivot marks a turning point in environmental corporate responsibility, moving past standard non-profit donations toward deploying core tech architecture against criminal networks.
“What we see from the private sector today is a recognition that the illegal wildlife trade is both an environmental and a business issue,” said David Fein, co-chair of United for Wildlife.
Supporting the digital crackdown on the ground and in the skies, aviation leaders British Airways and Heathrow Airport also announced they will launch expansive public awareness campaigns to help travelers identify and report suspected wildlife products, tightening the net on smugglers globally.
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