Crypto
Argentina is a record cryptocurrency adopter
According to a study by US magazine Forbes, using data from the firm SimilarWeb, Argentina has the highest cryptocurrency adoption rate of any country in the Western Hemisphere, when calculated by percentage of its population. Out of the 130 million visitors to 55 of the biggest cryptocurrency trading platforms in the world, some 2.5 million came from this country.
Most, it seems, are looking to save. “Argentina is an anomalous market where many people purchase USDT [shorthand for ‘Tether,’ a cryptocurrency that is pegged to the U.S. dollar] and don’t leave room for much more,” stated Maximiliano Hinz, Latin American head of crypto trading platform Bitget. “We don’t see this elsewhere. Argentines buy Tether in cash and do nothing with it.”
Argentina has established no regulations to reduce the risk in the use of stablecoins, such as Tether, which can seem like a perfect way of saving. On the other hand, cryptocurrencies linked to the greenback are consistent with the concept of dollarisation, but it is up to the user to find a secure way of buying them, keeping them and using them.
Strangely enough, Forbes informed that the most reliable trading platforms and markets in the works are not the options most used by Argentines. Perhaps for this reason, the same publication identified in its article about the 20 most reliable cryptocurrency trading platforms that none of the five main cryptocurrency suppliers in Argentina make the list, due to deficient internal controls and a lack of regulatory supervision.
On March 25 this year, the Argentine Securities and Exchange Commission (CNV) announced a registration requirement for “all those using website, social networks or other media, sending deals/ads to individuals residing in Argentina” and receiving funds by the use of technology.
Up to June 20, the public register shows 48 firms, most of which are relatively small companies operating locally. Those most used by Argentines did not complete the CNV’s form.
“It’s extremely important to know who is selling you assets or who you’re trading with, since, even though there is an increasing number of clear regulations for cryptocurrencies with the CNV’s new regulation, there is still the possibility of cons or fraud, as was the case with FTX internationally or Zoe Cash in Argentina,” warned Matías Reyes, Country Manager of cryptocurrency platform TRUBIT, in conversation with Noticias.
“The handling of cryptocurrencies offers many opportunities, but it is important to take certain precautions, especially given the most common risks in the ecosystem.
“Price volatility is one: cryptocurrencies are decentralised virtual assets, which means that the purchase and sales price is regulated automatically by supply and demand, even though there are some that keep their price stable, their liquidity in the market has to be reviewed,” the accountant and virtual finance expert specified.
These recommendations are supplemented with some of common knowledge, such as not forgetting passwords or not losing the keys giving access to assets.
“Argentina is trending in the use of cryptocurrencies due to several economic and social factors. The persistent inflation and devaluation of the Argentine peso have led citizens to find ways to preserve their capital, finding in cryptocurrencies an appealing alternative,” said Reyes.
“Besides, the limited accessibility to foreign currency has driven the use of cryptocurrencies as a saving method and protection against economic uncertainty,” he highlighted.
Asked which operations are required to convert cryptocurrencies into actual dollars in this country without losing value, Reyes answered: “In Argentina, with most exchanges you have the possibility of buying any virtual asset with digital dollars (USDT or USDC mostly) and vice versa, that is, exchanging a cryptocurrency for this stablecoin, combined with this, if users have a dollarised account, it can be transferred to their bank and withdrawn by any means authorised by the institution; for these transactions no monetary value is lost for the dollars, but there can be conversion fees.”
According to the expert, who has more than 15 years’ experience in the financial market, it is important to operate with cryptocurrency trading platforms with the most liquidity, and for that, he recommends reviewing the site CoinMarketCap, one of the major and most relevant websites in the ecosystem. It is also advisable to check that cryptocurrency trading platforms are regulated by the CNV, which allows for more transparency in transactions and prevents cons.
“Operating with cryptocurrencies or virtual assets is quite simple, although it is necessary to meet some requirements. Firstly, you have to be over 18 and pass the identity verification process (KYC), where you will be asked your National Identity Document (DNI).
“If a transfer from a virtual bank account is required, there may be other requirements, but generally these are enough. Lastly, it is a good idea to know the basics on how cryptocurrencies work and the risks they carry, that way you can trade more confidently,” the specialist said.
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Is the US dollar the world’s most successful cryptocurrency?
The U.S. dollar, to be clear, is not a cryptocurrency. But for many people, it is doing the job that cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin were originally intended to fill. To understand what is going on, and why the implications are so important for the global economy, it is worth going back to some of the original visions of Bitcoin.
Bitcoin got its start, back in 2008, during the dark days of the global financial crisis. At that time, the U.S. government, among many others, was bailing out banks and financial companies and “printing money” to strengthen the economy. While central banks like the Federal Reserve were not, literally, printing money and throwing it out of helicopters to people, they were doing some quite extraordinary things in the name of “quantitative easing.”
The idea behind quantitative easing (or “helicopter money”) was that central banks could inject confidence into the economy by, in effect, promising to buy just about any kind of financial asset if you had trouble selling it. And at that moment, the catalog of unsaleable assets ran to hundreds of billions of dollars.
With the benefit of hindsight, this looks like a good decision when the alternative was a repeat of the Great Depression. At the time, it looked both unfair and risky to many bystanders. Unfair because taxpayer money was being used to buy assets from people who probably deserved to go bankrupt in normal circumstances. And risky because printing so much money, in normal times, is recipe for higher inflation.
Bitcoin was deliberately designed, from the ground up, to make both of these options impossible. The strict release schedule for Bitcoin and the absolute limit of 21 million Bitcoins being issued meant that there was no way to “bail out” bad lenders or debase the value of the currency by issuing too much. The Bitcoin white paper specifically talks about resistance to corruption, and the Bitcoin network itself contains a reference to bank bailouts in the genesis block.
In the end, there was no hyperinflation in the major economies that practiced some form of quantitative easing, such as the U.S., U.K., and EU. However, hundreds of millions of people do live in countries with high inflation rates, and in the case of a few countries, are facing actual hyperinflation. For those people, Bitcoin should be especially appealing.
So it is all the more surprising to find that, 15 years since the end of the Great Recession, it is the U.S. dollar, not Bitcoin, that is the preferred choice of millions of people in emerging markets.
The appeal, for many of these people, is that to them, the U.S. dollar looks like an ideal stable, corruption-free digital asset. It’s extremely well known. It’s backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, and people have been using the dollar as a “safe haven” in periods of risk for decades.
American power, the huge range of American brands, and the vast reach of American culture have made the U.S. dollar the best-known currency in the entire world. When someone says, “the buck stops here” or refers to the “greenback,” we all know what they’re talking about. And, if you live far from the U.S. and don’t pay much attention to U.S. politics, then compared to your own currency, the U.S. dollar may well look very safe indeed.
Most of this situation has, in fact, been generally the case for decades. There are billions of U.S. dollars circulating around the world in cash, but for most people, that’s not a very safe or secure option. What has changed recently, however, is the ability of just about anyone anywhere to get access and hold dollars digitally.
Cryptocurrencies made it possible for anyone to have digital assets in a private, personal wallet, but few people had the technical knowledge or access to make this possible early on. More recently, cheap smartphones, better wallet software and, most importantly, stablecoins have recently made it possible for anyone, anywhere, to have what is, for all practical purposes, a U.S. dollar-denominated bank account. They see it as a safer alternative to their own currency, something easier to understand than crypto, and very preferable to carrying around U.S. dollars in cash.
And for many of those people, they don’t even realize they are using cryptocurrency infrastructure. Opera Mini Pay is one of the world’s most popular digital wallets and is a good example of what’s ahead. People all around the world can buy, sell and transact in U.S. dollars. And even though Opera Mini Pay runs on top of the Ethereum Layer 2 network CELO, all the fees and other services can be paid in U.S. dollars. No need to know anything at all about crypto.
The result is that even as crypto has laid down the path, when it comes to currencies, the overwhelming brand of the almighty U.S. dollar has ended up filling the gap Bitcoin brought to everyone’s attention.
Paul Brody is the Global Blockchain Leader for EY (Ernst & Young). He is also the chairman of the Enterprise Ethereum Alliance and the author of the book Ethereum for Business.
Note: These are the personal views of the author and do not represent the views of EY.
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