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Ancient Alaskan Site May Explain How First People Reached North America

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Ancient Alaskan Site May Explain How First People Reached North America


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A buried campsite in Alaska’s Tanana Valley is offering a sharper picture of what the first migrations into North America may have looked like, right down to campfires, stone flakes, and a mammoth tusk set in time. Researchers argue that the newly analyzed evidence from the Holzman archaeological site shows people were present in Interior Alaska about 14,000 years ago, and that their tool-making traditions hint at technological continuity with the later, famous Clovis culture farther south. 

The study, published in Quaternary International, doesn’t “solve” the peopling of the Americas on its own, but it strengthens a key section of the chain: what was happening in Alaska in the centuries just before Clovis appears across much of mid-continental North America. For a debate often dominated by big routes and big dates, Holzman brings the story back to the intimate scale of daily work – processing ivory, shaping stone, and returning to the same landscape across generations. 

Late Pleistocene extent of glaciation at 14 and 13 ka (Dalton et al., 20202023) with the Beringia landmass, and ancient archaeological sites >13 ka. Clovis sites from (Anderson and Miller, 2017).Ancient lakes at approximately 14 ka include Glacial Lake Atna at the 777 m asl level (Wiedmer et al., 2010) and in Beringia (Bond, 2019).

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A 14,000-Year-Old Campsite in the Tanana Valley

The Holzman site sits in Alaska’s middle Tanana Valley, a region archaeologists consider especially important because it preserves deeply layered, well-dated traces of Late Pleistocene life. In the paper, the authors describe multiple occupation layers, with the oldest (Component 5b) dated to roughly 14,000 years ago and containing a nearly complete mammoth tusk along with evidence of hearths and stone-working debris. 

Just above that, the team reports a later layer dated around 13,700 years ago that looks like a focused production episode: abundant quartz artifacts and a clear emphasis on mammoth ivory reduction. That layer also produced what the researchers describe as the earliest known ivory rod tools in the Americas, made with techniques that later become more visible in Clovis contexts, explains Phys.org.

Findings associated with the Holzman archaeological site

Findings associated with the Holzman archaeological site. (Wygal et al. Quaternary International (2026)

This matters because it places people with a sophisticated organic-technology tradition (ivory working doesn’t preserve as readily as stone) in eastern Beringia earlier than or alongside the first big expansions south of the ice sheets. In other words, Alaska is not just “a corridor people passed through,” but a place where key technologies may have been refined before dispersal.

 

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Why Mammoth Ivory Tools Are the Real Clue

Stone tools are the durable headline, but mammoth ivory is the more surprising thread. At Holzman, the authors link clusters of quartz flakes and working areas to the carving and shaping of ivory into rods and blanks – materials that would have been valuable, portable, and useful for composite hunting tools. 

Phys.org summarizes the connection the researchers are drawing: ivory rods made at Holzman (around 13,700 years ago) appear to use carving techniques later seen in Clovis contexts (around 13,000 years ago). That doesn’t mean “Clovis came from Alaska” in a simple, one-step way, but it does support the idea that some technological roots of later Paleoindian traditions could have been laid in the north during earlier movements through Beringia and Interior Alaska. 

This is also where the Tanana Valley’s broader record becomes important. The region has yielded multiple stratified sites with early dates, so Holzman is being presented as part of a wider cultural landscape, one that can connect Siberian-Beringian adaptations to later expansions deeper into North America.

Beringia (the Bering Land Bridge region) once linked Asia and North America during lower sea levels. (NOAA/Public domain)

Beringia (the Bering Land Bridge region) once linked Asia and North America during lower sea levels. (NOAA/Public domain)

The Route South: Land Corridor, Coastline, or Both?

Migration into the Americas is not about a single “path,” but timing can still rule routes in or out. The Holzman evidence supports the idea of a southward movement of ancestral Clovis-era populations sometime between 14,000 and 13,000 years ago, after reaching and circulating within eastern Beringia. 

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That interior story intersects with the long-running “ice-free corridor” debate. Ancient Origins has previously reported research suggesting the ice-free corridor may not have been viable for the earliest migrations until relatively late (around 13,800 years ago for full opening, in that report), which would imply that initial entry into the Americas could have relied more heavily on coastal or other alternatives, with interior pathways becoming more usable later. 

The Holzman paper itself emphasizes dispersal south of the continental ice sheets during the 14–13 ka window, but it also sits within a field where multiple routes – coastal, interior, and mixed strategies – are actively weighed against new archaeological and genetic data. Rather than closing the debate, Holzman adds weight to the idea that Interior Alaska was populated early enough to feed later expansions, at least once conditions allowed those movements. 

Top image: Illustrative Alaska image, Columbia Glacier, Columbia Bay, Valdez, Alaska.  Source: Frank Fichtmüller/Adobe Stock

By Gary Manners

References

Sahir, R., 2022. Ice Wall Blocked Americas Land Route Until 13,800 years Ago. Ancient Origins Available at: /news-history-archaeology/ice-wall-0016560

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Karasavvas, T. 2018. Ancient Infant DNA Rewrites the History of Humans Entering North America. Available at: /news-history-archaeology/ancient-infant-dna-rewrites-history-humans-entering-north-america-009383

Wygal, B. T., et al. 2026. Stone and mammoth ivory tool production, circulation, and human dispersals in the middle Tanana Valley, Alaska: Implications for the Pleistocene peopling of the Americas. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618225004306?via%3Dihub

Arnold, P., 2026. Ancient Alaskan site may help explain how the first people arrived in North America. Available at: https://phys.org/news/2026-02-ancient-alaskan-site-people-north.html





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‘It was incredibly swift’: Why an Alaska family was removed to Mexico this week, one son sent to Tacoma ICE facility Friday

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‘It was incredibly swift’: Why an Alaska family was removed to Mexico this week, one son sent to Tacoma ICE facility Friday


ANCHORAGE, Alaska (KTUU) – Days after a Mexican woman and her three children were taken into custody by Immigrations and Customs Enforcement in Soldotna, with the mother and two youngest children deported within 36 hours to Tijuana, Mexico, the timeline of events and process of deportation is becoming clearer.

Sonia Espinoza Arriaga, a Mexican national who recently married Alexander Sanchez-Ramos, a U.S. citizen, spoke with Alaska’s News Source by phone Wednesday evening from a transit station in Tijuana with her 5-year-old and 16-year-old children who were deported with her.

Her 18-year-old son Alexis Arriaga was first taken into custody of Alaska’s Department of Corrections, according to Alaska immigration attorney Lara Nations, before being transferred to the Northwest ICE Processing Center in Tacoma, Washington, on Friday.

ICE detainees from Alaska typically spend a few days in DOC custody before transfer to the Tacoma Detention Center.

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Family says attorney advised them to continue normal life

Arriaga’s husband, Alexander Sanchez-Ramos, a U.S. citizen, said the family consulted with their attorney after the missed hearing and the notice of removal was issued. He said the attorney advised them to continue their daily lives while the firm worked on next steps.

“They said that this letter — to continue to live our life as we were, go to work, all that,” Alexander said. “And … that this could possibly happen. And if and when it happened, to contact them, so therefore they can go with these next, the next steps.

“So in reference to that question, yes, but we were assured that the process would be different.”

Coming to the US

Sonia Arriaga says she entered the United States in 2023 and turned herself in at the border, triggering removal proceedings, which is a civil court process to determine whether she qualified for asylum, another form of relief, or would be ordered to deport.

Arriaga said she fled her home in Jalisco, Mexico due to domestic violence and gang activity.

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She said her oldest son Alexis was brought to the United States separately several months after she and her younger sons arrived.

Alaska’s News Source asked Nations about the nature of Alexis’ immigration case and were told this week that attorneys are still gathering information about the family’s case.

Nations said she is unsure why Alexis is being separated from the family following their detention this week because those under 21 are considered minors in some civil proceedings, which means they tend to be included in a parent’s immigration proceeding.

Five-year-old, 16-year-old, 18-year-old & mother removed from home in Soldotna Tuesday morning, attorney says(Alexander Sanchez-Ramos)

Attorney: deportation was unusually swift

The family’s attorney confirmed the law generally permits ICE to make arrests and carry out removal orders. She said individuals have a 90-day window to file a motion to reopen a case after a removal order is issued, but noted that window does not prevent the government from acting on the removal order.

“ICE can effectuate the order in general. But it’s not a guarantee. Like, you will get 90 days and then you will be deported. No. There’s no, like, stay of the government’s ability to remove someone during that time period,” the attorney said.

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The attorney said the speed of the deportation was notable.

“Yes. It was very fast. We are very far away from Mexico here. And that was incredibly swift. The federal government usually is slow moving in general,” she said.

18-year-old son detained separately

Arriaga’s 18-year-old son, Alexis Arriaga, was not deported with the others. He was placed in the Anchorage jail and has since been transferred, according to the family. The reason he was separated from the rest of the family has not been confirmed.

ICE spokespeople had not responded to requests for comment on the Arriaga case as of the time of this report.

See a spelling or grammar error? Report it to web@ktuu.com

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Alaska

Why an Alaska family was removed to Mexico this week, one son sent to Tacoma ICE facility Friday

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on

Why an Alaska family was removed to Mexico this week, one son sent to Tacoma ICE facility Friday


Sonia Espinoza Arriaga, a Mexican national who recently married Alexander Sanchez-Ramos, a U.S. citizen, spoke with Alaska’s News Source by phone Wednesday evening from a transit station in Tijuana with her 5-year-old and 16-year-old children who were deported with her. Her 18-year-old son was first taken into custody of Alaska’s Department of Corrections, according to Alaska immigration attorney Lara Nations, before being transferred to the Northwest ICE Processing Center in Tacoma, Washington, on Friday.



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Alaska Army National Guard rescues overdue snowmachiner in remote area north of Bethel

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Alaska Army National Guard rescues overdue snowmachiner in remote area north of Bethel


 

An Alaska Army National Guard aircrew assigned to Bethel conduct a search and rescue mission to locate and extract an overdue snowmachiner during a mission coordinated through the Alaska Rescue Coordination Center in Western Alaska, Feb. 16, 2026. The aircrew searched for approximately three and a half hours, covering more than 100 square miles of terrain before eventually locating the individual about 110 miles north of Bethel, roughly 30 miles east of his last known location. (U.S. Army National Guard photo by Chief Warrant Officer 3 Nick Lime)

An Alaska Army National Guard aircrew assigned to Bethel conducted a successful search and rescue mission to locate and extract an overdue snowmachiner during a mission coordinated through the Alaska Rescue Coordination Center.

The mission opened Feb. 15 in response to a request for assistance from the Alaska State Troopers to perform a search for an overdue snowmachiner who had been snowmachining north of Pilot Station. The Alaska Army National Guard accepted the mission through AKRCC and launched a UH-60L Black Hawk helicopter from Bethel to search the area.

The aircrew searched for approximately three and a half hours, covering more than 100 square miles of terrain before eventually locating the individual about 110 miles north of Bethel, roughly 30 miles east of his last known location.

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One of the aircrew members involved in the mission, Chief Warrant Officer 3 Nick Lime, said the team first located the individual on the evening of Feb. 15 but was unable to immediately extract him due to challenging terrain and fuel limitations.

“We located him that night, and another crew member and I snowshoed about half a mile trying to link up with him,” Lime said. “But with fuel running low and the deep snow conditions, we couldn’t make it all the way in, so we dropped a survival radio and some water to make sure he could stay in contact and had what he needed overnight.”

On the morning of Feb. 16, with a storm approaching, the Army Guard aircrew returned to the area to deliver additional supplies.

“There was a storm coming in, so we flew up to drop supplies,” Lime said. “We were concerned about him being able to hold out in those conditions.”

Using the previously dropped radio, the aircrew re-established communications with the stranded snowmachiner. He had managed to free his snowmachine but reported that his feet were hurting and freezing.

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“We got him to ride it about 100 to 150 yards closer to the trail we had made the night before,” Lime said.
The crew then dropped a set of snowshoes to help him continue moving. When the snowmachine became stuck again, members of the aircrew transitioned to movement on foot.

“Once on the ground, I snowshoed another quarter mile to him,” Lime said. “I was able to link up with him and walk him back to the hawk.”

As Lime made his way toward the stranded snowmachiner, the Black Hawk pilots remained in radio communication with the individual, encouraging him to keep moving and continue working his way closer to the aircraft.

After reaching the aircraft, the crew brought the individual aboard and transported him to a medical facility in Bethel for evaluation.

The mission highlights the close coordination between the Alaska State Troopers, the Alaska Rescue Coordination Center, and the Alaska Army National Guard, as well as the aircrew’s ability to adapt to rapidly changing conditions in remote winter terrain.

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