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Argentina reveals secret WWII files on Hitler’s henchmen who fled before, after the war

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Argentina reveals secret WWII files on Hitler’s henchmen who fled before, after the war

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Multiple documents featuring some of the worst Nazi war criminals were released and declassified earlier this year by Argentine President Javier Milei. The more than 1,850 documents comprise thousands of pages detailing the South American country’s efforts to track and verify the whereabouts of thousands of Nazis who fled Europe after World War II.

The catalyst for the effort came from the Senate Judiciary Committee and its Chairman Chuck Grassley, R-Iowa, who was credited by the Simon Wiesenthal Center for his efforts in getting Milei to release the documents. 

Most of the materials relate to investigations carried out between the late 1950s and the 1980s and were digitized and made available on the nation’s General Archive website, along with secret, declassified presidential decrees from 1957 to 2005. 

The original batch of documents released online is divided into seven large files roughly centered around the main Nazi criminals covered in them. There are multiple documents related to Adolf Eichmann, the engineer of the “Final Solution,” the plan for the extermination of European Jewry. He lived under the name Ricardo Klement around Buenos Aires until being captured by Mossad agents on Argentine soil and taken in a secret operation to stand trial in Jerusalem in 1960.

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Adolf Eichmann, in a bulletproof cabin, puts on earphones to hear the reading of the act of accusation against him, Dec. 17, 1961. He was in charge of the extermination of Jews in Poland and then organized the deportation and extermination of Jews in 13 European countries. (Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images)

Eichmann’s case features prominently in the files and there is contradicting evidence that the leftist, populist government of Juan Perón not only knew Eichmann was in the country but also made efforts to protect him.

Multiple documents also exist detailing the lives of Josef Mengele, the “angel of death” doctor from Auschwitz-Birkenau camps who lived in Argentina and escaped to Paraguay and Brazil, where he died in 1979.

Documents detailing the hunt for Martin Bormann, Hitler’s lieutenant and right-hand man, as well as Croatian murderer, Ante Pavelic, deputy führer and defector Rudolf Hess and the so-called “butcher of Lyon,” Klaus Barbie, received special attention in the files.

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Three SS officers socialize on the grounds of the SS retreat outside of Auschwitz, 1944. From left to right they are: Richard Baer (Commandant of Auschwitz), Dr. Josef Mengele, and Rudolf Hoess (the former Auschwitz Commandant.) Mengele escaped to Argentina, later escaping to Paraguay and Brazil. (Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)

According to Harley Lippman, a member of the United States Commission for the Preservation of America’s Heritage Abroad and a board member of the European Jewish Association, the relevance of the release of the Argentinian documents cannot be understated.

“There are numerous questions that these documents can bring light to why a sophisticated society, far from the plagues of European antisemitism such as Argentina’s, agreed to hide Nazi criminals and their secrets for so long. What happened to the U-boats loaded with Nazi gold brought to the country and given to the authorities?” he asked.

“On the one hand, it is shameful that Argentina kept these documents a secret for so long, but on the other hand, we also need to acknowledge the enormous efforts being made by this government to make these documents public. While the historical significance is important, this is more important for Argentinians to be able to confront their demons as a society than for Jews,” Lippman said.

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This 1950 Argentine federal police memo, marked strictly secret and confidential, seeks intelligence on Josef Mengele, the notorious Nazi doctor from Auschwitz, suggesting that Argentine authorities were aware of his possible presence or activity in the region at that time. (General Archives of the Government of Argentina)

Adding to the large reveal, in May, while the Supreme Court of Argentina was undergoing renovations and transferring document collections to museums, a forgotten trove of 83 boxes of Nazi documents was discovered almost untouched in the basement of the institution. Upon inspection, the crates revealed documents intercepted by Argentine customs in 1941, sent from the German Third Reich Embassy in Tokyo, Japan, to Argentina’s capital, Buenos Aires, aboard the Japanese steamer Nan-a-Maru.

The documents had been sent as personal effects of embassy personnel but were intercepted under orders of the country’s minister for foreign affairs in order not to undermine Argentina’s neutral position in the war. The shipment became the subject of a probe by a commission investigating “anti-Argentine activities”, which led to the seizure and possession of the crates by the country’s supreme court, where they remained for nearly 84 years.

The finding of the boxes revealed multiple materials intended to propagate and consolidate the Third Reich’s and Hitler’s ideologies in Argentina and South America, possibly in an effort to bring neutral countries under the auspices of Germany.

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The document recounts an Argentine police report describing a German fugitive, Walter Flegel, believed by some to be Martin Bormann, Hitler’s former deputy, living under a false identity in Argentina. It was later proven that the lead was incorrect and that Flegal was not Borman. Earlier this year Argentina President Javier Milei declassified and released over 1,850 documents detailing Argentina’s efforts to track and verify the whereabouts of thousands of Nazi war criminals. (General Archives of the Government of Argentina)

After opening the boxes along with prominent members of the country’s Jewish community, the court issued a statement saying that “given the historical relevance of the find and the potential crucial information it could contain to clarify events related to the Holocaust,” an exhaustive survey of all the material was ordered.

The contents of the crates have not yet been made public, but Milei’s office has said that once all the documents have been digitized, they will also be declassified and made available.

Argentina’s Chief of the Cabinet of Ministers, Guillermo Francos, has previously said Milei gave [such] order “because there is no reason to continue withholding that information, and it is no longer in the interest of the Republic of Argentina to keep such secrets”.

“Jews after World War II lived a golden age of about 80 years where antisemitism had subsided, at least apparently, and they could be productive and contributing members of society. This has now ended — partially because of the genocide committed against Israelis by Hamas on Oct. 7, 2023, with world opinion projecting on Israelis and Jews the false role of perpetrators of genocide in the war in Gaza, but also by bringing back the same old antisemitic views that had been alive in Germany and before then,” Lippman says.

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A police officer stands in front of a cache of Nazi artifacts discovered in 2017, during a press conference in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Wednesday, Oct. 2, 2019. Argentine authorities found the cache in a secret room behind a bookcase and had uncovered the collection in the course of a wider investigation into artwork of suspicious origin found at a gallery in Buenos Aires. (Natacha Pisarenko/AP Photo)

“The fact that many people under 30 do not know or understand [the meaning of] the Holocaust is part of the reason why antisemitism is on the rise again. “The Holocaust was the largest systematic industrial killing of humans in history. This happened only 80 years ago. Young people seem not to be able to grasp the scale of this, but these documents can bring back the memory of what the Holocaust really was,” he said, comparing the propaganda war currently faced by Israel and Jews under a progressive and projectionist guise.

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Beyond the lives of senior Nazis who escaped to South America on the so-called “ratlines”—possibly under the auspices of certain local governments—Lippman said the documents could also provide important information regarding the role played by Swiss and Argentine banks.

“The Holocaust was the greatest theft in history. Many Swiss banks [which were the depositaries of Jewish money] would not release funds to sometimes a sole survivor from a family who perished in the Holocaust without a death certificate for their loved ones. But Auschwitz did not issue death certificates — they only issued ashes.”

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Head of Ukraine’s security service Maliuk to be replaced, Zelenskiy says

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Head of Ukraine’s security service Maliuk to be replaced, Zelenskiy says

KYIV, Jan 5 (Reuters) – Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy said on Monday that he planned to replace the head of the country’s SBU security service, Vasyl Maliuk, as part of a wider reshuffle that has also seen a new presidential chief of staff.

Maliuk was appointed SBU chief in February 2023, having already served as acting head for months before.

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During his tenure, the service has carried out a number of high-profile operations, including an audacious drone attack on dozens of Russian strategic bombers stationed thousands of kilometers from Ukraine.

The SBU said he also oversaw a strike on a Russian submarine and three attacks on the bridge connecting Russia to the occupied Crimean peninsula, a crucial logistical node for Moscow.

Maliuk has been praised by analysts for improving the SBU’s effectiveness, after his predecessor Ivan Bakanov was dismissed by Zelenskiy in July 2022 for failing to root out Russian spies.

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Zelenskiy said on X that he had asked Maliuk instead to focus more on combat operations, adding: “There must be more Ukrainian asymmetric operations against the occupier and the Russian state, and more solid results in eliminating the enemy.”

The move comes days after Zelenskiy announced military intelligence chief Kyrylo Budanov would become his new chief of staff, and that he would seek to appoint new defence and energy ministers.

Reporting by Yuliia Dysa and Max Hunder
Editing by Gareth Jones and Toby Chopra

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles., opens new tab

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Mexican president rejects US sending troops to her country: ‘I don’t believe in an invasion’

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Mexican president rejects US sending troops to her country: ‘I don’t believe in an invasion’

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Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum on Monday condemned what she described as U.S. intervention in Venezuela and rejected the idea of American troops entering Mexico, reaffirming her government’s commitment to national sovereignty.

“We categorically reject intervention in the internal affairs of other countries,” Sheinbaum said at a press conference in Mexico City, according to an official transcript of the speech released by her office.

“The history of Latin America is clear and forceful, the intervention has never brought democracy, it has never generated well-being or lasting stability. Only people can build their own future, decide their path, exercise sovereignty over their natural resources and freely define their form of government,” she said.

The U.S. military on Saturday carried out an operation in Caracas, extracting former Venezuelan leader Nicolás Maduro and his wife, Cilia Flores, from their compound.

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Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum answers questions during her morning press conference at Palacio Nacional in Mexico City on Jan. 5, 2026. (Raquel Cunha/Reuters)

Maduro and Flores were boarded onto USS Iwo Jima and flown to New York to face federal charges, with their arraignment taking place on Monday in Manhattan.

Maduro is charged with four counts: narco-terrorism conspiracy, cocaine importation conspiracy, possession of machine-guns and destructive devices, and conspiracy to possess machine-guns and destructive devices.

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His wife is charged with three counts: cocaine importation conspiracy, possession of machine-guns and destructive devices, and conspiracy to possess machine-guns and destructive devices.

Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro and his wife Cilia Flores are seen in handcuffs after landing at a Manhattan helipad, escorted by heavily armed Federal agents as they make their way into an armored car en route to a Federal courthouse in Manhattan on Jan. 5, 2026. (TheImageDirect.com)

Sheinbaum said that following the capture of Venezuela’s leader and his wife, and amid warnings from President Donald Trump that Mexico must “get their act together,” Mexican sovereignty and self-determination remain non-negotiable.

Trump told reporters aboard Air Force One that he thinks Sheinbaum is a “terrific person,” but the cartels are “running Mexico.”

“We’re going to have to do something. We’d love Mexico to do it, they’re capable of doing it, but unfortunately the cartels are very strong in Mexico,” Trump said.

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Sheinbaum said her country is cooperating with the United States to help fight against drug trafficking, organized crime and the flow of fentanyl.

President Donald Trump speaks at his Mar-a-Lago club, Saturday, Jan. 3, 2026, in Palm Beach, Fla, as Secretary of State Marco Rubio and War Secretary Pete Hegseth listen. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)

“I don’t believe in an invasion. I don’t even think it’s something they’re taking very seriously,” Sheinbaum told reporters in Spanish when asked about a potential U.S. intervention, according to Reuters’ translation of her remarks.

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She said Trump has repeatedly insisted during their phone conversations that the U.S. Army be allowed to enter Mexico.

“We have said no very firmly — first because we defend our sovereignty, and second because it is not necessary,” Sheinbaum told reporters.

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Free civic space in France, Italy and Germany under threat, study says

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Free civic space in France, Italy and Germany under threat, study says

France, Germany and Italy are the three European Union countries experiencing a worsening environment for civil society, according to a report by CIVICUS, the global alliance of civil society organisations and activists.

All three member states were downgraded from “narrowed” to “obstructed” — the third-lowest of five possible categories.

The annual report tracks the state of freedom of association, peaceful assembly and expression in 198 countries and territories, rating them as open, narrowed, obstructed, repressed or closed.

Across Europe, the most frequently reported violations include the detention of protesters, disruption of demonstrations, attacks on journalists, use of excessive force and public vilification.

“Far fewer people in Europe can exercise fundamental freedoms without significant barriers, largely due to intensifying crackdowns on protests and human rights defenders in some of Europe’s largest democracies,” Tara Petrović, Europe and Central Asia researcher for the CIVICUS Monitor, said.

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“European leaders, particularly within the EU, must push back on these trends so that the continent remains at the forefront of protecting rights and civic space.”

France’s downgrade reflects an accumulation of growing restrictions on peaceful protests and freedom of expression, alongside the misuse of laws to dissolve NGOs and intimidate activists in recent years.

Meanwhile, Germany’s civic space deterioration has occurred “at an alarming rate”, according to the report.

The drop is due to repression of those demonstrating for climate justice, migrant rights and against austerity measures.

“German authorities have paired political pressure with heavy-handed policing to suppress free expression, from storming a relocated event with UN Special Rapporteur Francesca Albanese to monitoring students who livestreamed it,” the report noted.

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The situation for civil society in Italy has worsened following new laws passed in 2025 that introduced dozens of new criminal offences, including harsher penalties for peaceful protests.

In Europe, Georgia and Serbia moved to the “repressed” category, the second-worst civic space rating, while Switzerland changed to “narrowed”.

This shift is largely due to intensifying crackdowns on human rights defenders and protests in some of Europe’s largest democracies.

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