Lifestyle
Can you make music from Joshua trees — or is that wild science? Yes.
Artist Scott Kildall waves his microcontroller over a Joshua tree, recording wavelengths of light that are not perceptible by humans.
Carlos Jaramillo for NPR
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Carlos Jaramillo for NPR
The artist Scott Kildall is waving his hand over the contours of a Joshua tree, just inches from its spiky green, bayonet-like leaves.
“If I get too close to it, it will prick me and draw blood,” he says. “And it’s done that before.”
In his palm, he has a microcontroller — just about the size of a credit card. It’s got a few wires sticking out, and an infrared sensor, which picks up wavelengths of light just beyond what the human eye can perceive.
“It’s kind of like magic,” Kildall says. “And the magic is just revealing something that’s right beyond our levels of perception.”
The magic is part of Kildall’s latest sound installation — a work he calls Infrared Reflections. He developed the piece as an artist-in-residence at Joshua Tree National Park this spring, and it transforms near-infrared light bouncing off the iconic scraggly yuccas into a shimmering mosaic of otherworldly music — essentially turning the Joshua tree into an instrument.
Kildall is neither a computer scientist nor a musician, though he does play the ukulele. This artwork relies on both disciplines, as Kildall needs to build sensors, route their data to a computer, process and smooth that data, and convert it all into something beautiful for the ear.
“With art and technology, you have to constantly think about wearing multiple hats. Are you an IT person? Are you an artist? And you have to be able to troubleshoot on the fly,” he says.
The installation relies on a fundamental interplay between the sun and the Joshua tree. When sunlight hits the plant, cells in its healthy leaves soak up lots of red and blue light, and reflect back most of the green – which is why the clusters of piercing leaves at the end of the Joshua tree’s branches appear green to the human eye. (It’s also why most plants on Earth appear green to us.)
Spiky Joshua trees grow in Arthur B. Ripley Desert Woodland State Park, north of Los Angeles.
Carlos Jaramillo for NPR
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Carlos Jaramillo for NPR
But other types of light rain down on the Joshua tree too, including wavelengths we can’t see, like near-infrared light. The plant’s shaggy, grayish-brown bark doesn’t reflect much of that infrared light, but its healthy leaves — packed with compounds like water, carbohydrates and defense chemicals — reflect much more. And that’s exactly what Kildall sees as he passes his sensor from the yucca’s dead bark to its green, leafy buds.
“Beyond our perceptions lies a whole realm of invisible data,” he explains. “And so what I do is I find some sort of invisible phenomena such as water quality or air quality or infrared light reflection, and then map that data into sounds, so that we can hear that data.”
That technique is known as sonification, and Kildall has previously designed installations that sonify water flow in trees, or tap into the electrical signals of mushrooms. Infrared Reflections follows in that vein, but it’s much more site-specific — it’s meant to be played on the Joshua tree, which is endemic to the Mojave Desert.
Kildall needs a speaker and a bag of equipment on site to make his music.
Carlos Jaramillo for NPR
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Carlos Jaramillo for NPR
With that in mind, earlier today Kildall lugged his laptop, a box of electronics and a giant speaker into a field full of Joshua trees at the Arthur B. Ripley Desert Woodland State Park, north of Los Angeles.
Gusts of wind scream through the high desert here, and Kildall eyes individual Joshua trees with the eagerness of a kid at Guitar Center, ready to pick out an axe.
“I see one Joshua tree that’s about a hundred feet away that is moving a little bit in the wind and has multiple leafy sections and bark sections,” he says. “And that one really looks like it is asking to be sonified.”
Kildall’s speaker sits next to several Joshua trees.
Carlos Jaramillo for NPR
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Carlos Jaramillo for NPR
After a short walk, Kildall sets down the speaker and begins fiddling with his laptop. It’s perched on a camp chair, in direct sun, and refuses to boot up — a reminder, Kildall says, of how preparing for a field installation is like planning a NASA space mission (though with non-lethal stakes.)
“You want to reduce the number of points of failure. And so with the system I have, I have backup electronics, I only have one laptop. So that’s the only point of failure that I’m really worried about.”
But not to fear. The machine soon boots up, along with a local Wi-Fi network — which connects the small infrared sensor to the computer — and Kildall is ready to rock.
A view of Joshua trees at Arthur B. Ripley Desert Woodland State Park.
Carlos Jaramillo for NPR
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Carlos Jaramillo for NPR
Here’s the same landscape viewed through a thermal infrared camera. It captures a different part of the infrared spectrum from what Kildall is picking up with his sensor, but gives a sense of how these plants appear differently when viewed at different wavelengths of light.
Carlos Jaramillo for NPR
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Carlos Jaramillo for NPR
As he caresses the air just above the tree, the yowling of a theremin rises and falls from the speaker, lending an eerie soundtrack to the already alien-looking landscape. A few hikers walk by, but seem unphased by the guy performing reiki on a Joshua tree. The high desert is known for its eccentrics, after all.
Kildall has designed three more “instruments” to be played like this, along with the theremin sound.
His favorite combines the drone of a theremin with spiraling arpeggios.
Another sounds more like haunting electric guitars, reverberating in a cathedral.
The final sound is more pared-back and simple — resembling a kid plinking at the piano.
“In some ways, it feels a little bit more direct and accessible because we all kind of understand how to press notes randomly on the piano,” Kildall explains. “And as I move the sensor over these sort of leafy spots in the sun, those will produce a higher pitch on the piano.”
As he slides the sensor further down the branch, to the bark, the notes get lower and lower, moving deeper into the bass clef.
Kildall holds his device a few inches above a spiky Joshua tree to avoid getting pricked.
Carlos Jaramillo for NPR
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Carlos Jaramillo for NPR
It’s a fascinating way to make music. The infrared-sensing technology at the heart of the work also happens to be something scientists have employed for decades.
“From our aircraft or satellites, we use it to separate the living vegetation from the dead vegetation,” says Greg Asner of Arizona State University in Hawaii. “That’s very important in a grassland — is the grassland dry and ready to go up in smoke in a fire, or is it wet and green and living? And so we can translate that to fire fuel load for grasslands.”
Joshua trees viewed through a thermal infrared camera.
Carlos Jaramillo for NPR
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Carlos Jaramillo for NPR
Asner has also soared above the Amazon basin, measuring infrared signals from a plane — which allows him to tease out individual tree species, based on the fingerprints of infrared light that bounce off the trees.
“When I fly over a tropical rainforest with the infrared sensors, the maps literally are like Willy-Wonka-candy-store-style variation. They are amazing to look at,” he says.
“So there’s this enormous diversity of plants when you look at them in infrared light. And unfortunately, a lot of people just see them as green because that’s all we can see with our limited eyesight. There’s much more variety out there. And it’s a very beautiful world when you look at it in the infrared.”
Asner says he’s thrilled to see artists now experimenting with the same technology.
Left: A close up view of a Joshua tree. Right: A thermal infrared view of Kildall holding his device in front of a Joshua tree.
Carlos Jaramillo for NPR
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Carlos Jaramillo for NPR
“Our studies for decades now have been stuck in the halls of science. And this will help translate what we have come to understand, utilize, love as scientists — it’s going to translate it to a much wider audience.”
Kildall says, in some sense, that’s his goal.
“One of the things I like to do is to engage people with nature and issues of climate change and issues of ecology through means other than science articles,” he says. “Science articles are great. I read them all the time. However, they don’t engage people on a more visceral storytelling level, as artwork does.”
And though this installation was conceived and developed with the Joshua tree at its center, it could work with the infrared reflections of other plants, if Kildall calibrates his code — which is a good thing, since Kildall calls San Francisco home.
“There aren’t any Joshua trees in San Francisco, so I might have to go to Golden Gate Park and see what I come up with.”
Lifestyle
Julio Iglesias accused of sexual assault as Spanish prosecutors study the allegations
Spanish singer Julio Iglesias smiles during his star unveiling ceremony at the Walk of Fame in San Juan, Puerto Rico, Thursday, Sept. 29, 2016.
Carlos Giusti/AP
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Carlos Giusti/AP
BARCELONA, Spain — Spanish prosecutors are studying allegations that Grammy-winning singer Julio Iglesias sexually assaulted two former employees at his residences in the Dominican Republic and the Bahamas.
The Spanish prosecutors’ office told The Associated Press on Wednesday that the allegations were related to media reports from earlier this week that alleged Iglesias had sexually and physically assaulted two women who worked in his Caribbean residences between January and October 2021.
Iglesias has yet to speak publicly regarding the allegations. Russell L. King, a Miami-based entertainment lawyer who lists Iglesias as a client on his website, didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment by the AP.
The Spanish prosecutors’ office that handles cases for Spain’s National Court said that it had received formal allegations against Iglesias by an unnamed party on Jan. 5. Iglesias could potentially be taken in front of the Madrid-based court, which can try alleged crimes by Spanish citizens while they are abroad, according to the court’s press office.
Seeking justice in Spain over the Caribbean
Women’s Link Worldwide, a nongovernmental organization, said in a statement that it was representing the two women who had presented the complaint to the Spanish court. The group said that the women were accusing Iglesias of “crimes against sexual freedom and indemnity such as sexual harassment” and of “human trafficking for the purpose of forced labor and servitude.”
The organization said the women in their testimony also accused Iglesias of regularly checking their cellphones, of prohibiting them from leaving the house where they worked and demanding that they work up to 16 hours a day, with no contract or days off.
The organization said it did not reach out to authorities in the Bahamas or the Dominican Republic, and that it didn’t know whether authorities in those Caribbean nations have initiated an investigation.
Gema Fernández, senior attorney at Women’s Link Worldwide, said in an online press conference Wednesday that “Spanish legislation regarding sexual violence, gender-based violence and trafficking could be an interesting option” for the two women making the allegations against Iglesias.
“Listening to what (the two women) are seeking and their definitions of justice, it seems to us that filing a complaint with the Public Prosecutor’s Office of the National Court of Spain was the path that best suited their definition of justice. That is why we are supporting them along this path,” Fernández said.
Jovana Ríos Cisneros, executive director of Women’s Link Worldwide, asserted that Spanish prosecutors have decided to take statements from the two women and granted them the status of protected witnesses.
“Being heard by the Prosecutor’s Office is a very important step in the search for justice,” she said.
Fernández said prosecutors have not set a date to take statements from the women and noted that prosecutors have up to six months to determine whether the information they receive warrants a criminal prosecution. Those six months could exceptionally be extended to a year, she added.
The Prosecutor’s Office did not immediately return a message seeking comment.
A singer under scrutiny
Spanish online newspaper elDiario.es and Spanish-language television channel Univision Noticias published the joint investigation into Iglesias’ alleged misconduct.
Ríos said the two women initially contacted elDiario.es, which began investigating the allegations but also advised the women to seek legal help.
Spanish government spokeswoman Elma Saiz said that the media reports regarding Iglesias “demanded respect.”
“Once again I can reaffirm this government’s firm and complete commitment to take on any act of violence, harassment or aggression against women,” Saiz said Tuesday after the media reports were published.
Panky Corcino, spokesman for the Attorney General’s Office in the Dominican Republic, declined to comment, saying he couldn’t confirm or deny an investigation.
By law, any case in the Caribbean country that involves sexual aggression or violence must be investigated by prosecutors, even if no one has filed a complaint.
The 82-year-old Iglesias is one of the world’s most successful musical artists after having sold more than 300 million records in more than a dozen languages. After making his start in Spain, he won immense popularity in the United States and wider world in the 1970s and ’80s. He’s the father of pop singer Enrique Iglesias.
Julio Iglesias won a 1988 Grammy for Best Latin Pop Performance for his album “Un Hombre Solo.” He also received a Lifetime Achievement Award at the Grammys in 2019.
Spain’s culture minister said Wednesday that its left-wing government, which holds women’s rights and equality among its priorities, will also consider stripping Iglesias of the state’s Gold Medal of Merit in the Fine Arts that he was awarded in 2010.
“It is something we are studying and evaluating, because evidently we feel obliged to do so when faced by such a serious case,” Culture Minister Ernest Urtasun said.
Lifestyle
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Lifestyle
MLK concert held annually at the Kennedy Center for 23 years is relocating
Natalie Cole and music producer Nolan Williams, Jr. with the Let Freedom Ring Celebration Choir at the Kennedy Center in January 2015.
Lisa Helfert/Georgetown University
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Lisa Helfert/Georgetown University
Let Freedom Ring, an annual concert in Washington, D.C., celebrating the life of Martin Luther King Jr., has been a signature event at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts for more than 20 years. Aretha Franklin, Gladys Knight and Chaka Khan have performed, backed by a choir made up of singers from D.C. area churches and from Georgetown University, which produces the event.
But this year’s event, headlined by actor and rapper Common, will not be held at the Kennedy Center.
Georgetown University says it is moving Let Freedom Ring to D.C.’s historic Howard Theatre in order to save money.
For Marc Bamuthi, it wouldn’t make sense to hold it at the Kennedy Center this year.

Until March 2025, Bamuthi was the Kennedy Center’s artistic director for social impact, a division that created programs for underserved communities in the D.C. region. He regularly spoke at the MLK Day event. “I would much rather that we all be spared the hypocrisy of celebrating a man who not only fought for justice, but who articulated the case for equity maybe better than anyone in American history … when the official position of this administration is an anti-equity position,” he said.
President Trump has criticized past programming at the Kennedy Center as “woke” and issued executive orders calling for an end to diversity in cultural programming.
In February 2025, Trump took over the Kennedy Center and appointed new leadership. Shortly thereafter the social media division was dissolved. Bamuthi and his team were laid off.
Composer Nolan Williams Jr., Let Freedom Ring‘s music producer since 2003, also says he has no regrets that the event is moving.

“You celebrate the time that was and the impact that has been and can never be erased. And then you move forward to the next thing,” said Williams.
This year, Williams wrote a piece for the event called “Just Like Selma,” inspired by one of King’s most famous quotes, “The arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends towards justice.”
Williams says sometimes the quote is “interpreted in a passive way.”
“The arc doesn’t just happen to move. We have to be agents of change. We have to be active arc movers, arc benders,” said Williams. “And so throughout the song you hear these action words like ‘protest,’ ‘resist,’ ‘endure,’ ‘agitate,’ ‘fight hate.’ And those are all the action words that remind us of the responsibility that we have to be arc benders.”
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The Kennedy Center announced Tuesday that its celebration of Martin Luther King Jr. next week will feature the Missionary Kings of Harmony of The United House of Prayer for All People’s Anacostia congregation.
The audio and digital versions of this story were edited by Jennifer Vanasco.

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