Fitness
What's in your day? Scientists have analysed how we should spend our time for optimum health
It’s known as the “Goldilocks day”: the “just right” way to allocate your time to various activities for optimal health.
Sounds like a handy guide to life, right? But is it even possible?
We already have guidelines around how much physical activity adults should get each week. So how many hours each day should we spend standing, sitting or sleeping?
New Australian research published in Diabetologica provides an hour-by-hour breakdown of daily activities to reduce the risk of cardiometabolic diseases, which include disorders of the heart, diabetes and chronic kidney disease.
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The study, from Swinburne University and the Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, analysed more than 2,000 people in the Netherlands, 684 of whom had type 2 diabetes.
Over seven days, they had their waist circumference, blood glucose and insulin levels, cholesterol, blood pressure and triglycerides (a type of fat found in blood) measured.
By examining how participants with the healthiest results divvied up their time, the researchers came up with what they say is an optimum day for cardiometabolic health.
Christian Brakenridge from Swinburne’s Centre for Urban Transitions led the research, and says the activity plan is “like a North Star” — something to aim towards.
“I think people might kind of baulk at the idea of these strong quantitative guidelines, but the take home message here is we really want people to sit less, move more and sleep for appropriate durations,” Dr Brakenridge says.
The average Australian sits for about eight hours a day but desk-based office workers can spend around 10 hours seated.
And most of us only get two hours of physical activity each day (that’s light and moderate activity combined), which is about half of what the study recommends.
Light physical activity includes slow walking or doing chores, and moderate to vigorous activity can be brisk walking, jogging or difficult tasks like shovelling.
Dot Dumuid is a time-use epidemiologist at the University of South Australia. For years she’s studied the healthiest ways to spend our time.
She provided statistics for the new study, and noted its narrow focus on cardiometabolic risk factors.
“I like when studies put other outcomes in there as well, like cognition, for example.”
Dr Dumuid says very few study participants managed four hours of activity day in, day out.
“There’d be a few super-achievers … but that’s not feasible for heaps of people.
“You could do it, but you’d have to give up something else.”
And that activity trade-off is where things get interesting.
Adjusting the levers of your life
The perfect day for your heart might be quite different to the perfect day for your brain.
Dr Dumuid has studied the “optimum” 24 hours for a range of health outcomes, and is particularly interested in what happens when you take time from one category and put it in another.
For example, physical activity is great for heart health. But if it comes at the cost of sleep, Dr Dumuid says that can be detrimental for those with anxiety and depression.
And people need to spend more hours sitting than moving if they want to optimise academic performance and cognitive function, as that’s when we usually do things like study, read or play music.
While Dr Dumuid is yet to come up with a “Goldilocks day” for adults, she has one that she says is most beneficial for the mental, physical and cognitive function of children aged 11 and 12.
But even with children, priorities can shift, and if exams are approaching, a student might need to temporarily adjust the dial to manage their time differently.
To help with this, Dr Dumuid developed an online tool which lets students rank what’s most important to them to give a more personalised 24-hour breakdown.
“One size rarely fits all in population health,” she says.
More than one optimum day
No matter how much time we want to invest in being happy and healthy, not everyone has complete agency over how they spend their day.
There can be many limitations depending on where you live, what you earn and whether your capacity is restricted, for example, by chronic health conditions.
And the daily activity combinations researchers looked at in the new study didn’t incorporate things like social interactions, which can improve mental and physical health.
So how many hours a day should we spend socialising? Recent research in Nature found there’s no universal balance between solitude and socialising.
In fact, solitude (when the person chooses it) can reduce stress levels.
This is another reason why Dr Dumuid thinks we’ll never have one single optimum day for overall health.
Instead, perhaps we’ll one day have multiple “best days” with different purposes.
“In the future you might wake up and decide ‘OK, today I want to preference my mental health, let me see what my options are.’
“Then you focus on something else the next day, and then over a week you can balance it out to be a good, healthy week.”
Dr Brakenridge hopes his findings will be used by the federal government to update current health guidelines so they can better reflect the full spectrum of human behaviour.
He says Australia should look to Canada, which has the world’s first 24-hour movement guidelines that lay out how much time adults should spend doing aerobic activities, muscle strengthening, sleeping, sitting and using a screen.
Get the latest health news and information from across the ABC.
Fitness
Health Watch: Fitness Friday – exercise and dementia
...RED FLAG WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 11 PM PDT SATURDAY FOR GUSTY WINDS AND LOW HUMIDITY FOR THE SIERRA FRONT... * Affected Area...Fire Weather Zone 420 Northern Sierra Front including Carson City, Douglas, Storey, Southern Washoe, Western Lyon, and Far Southern Lassen Counties. * Winds...West 20 to 30 mph with gusts up to 45 mph. * Humidity...Afternoon minimums of 12 to 20 percent. * Duration...2 to 5 hours Friday with 3 to 8 hours Saturday. * Impacts...The combination of gusty winds and dry fuels can cause fire to rapidly grow in size and intensity before first responders can contain them. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... Avoid outdoor activities that can cause a spark near dry vegetation, such as yard work, target shooting, or campfires. Follow local fire restrictions. Check weather.gov/reno for updates and livingwithfire.info for preparedness tips. &&
...LAKE WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 11 PM PDT SATURDAY FOR WASHOE LAKE... * WHAT...Southwest winds 20 to 30 mph with gusts up to 45 mph for Washoe Lake. * WHERE...Greater Reno-Carson City-Minden Area. * WHEN...Until 11 PM PDT Saturday. * IMPACTS...Small boats, kayaks and paddle boards will be prone to capsizing and should remain off lake waters until conditions improve. * ADDITIONAL DETAILS...Winds may briefly subside tonight before increasing again early Saturday morning. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... Check lake conditions before heading out and be prepared for a sudden increase in winds and wave heights. Consider postponing boating activities on the lake until a day with less wind. &&
Fitness
Can VR Fitness Replace Traditional Exercise? – TechRound
In 2025, the global Virtual Reality fitness market was estimated to be worth between $30 – $50 billion dollars and by the mid 2030’s, it is likely to be estimated to be worth up to 400 billion dollars. Big name companies like Meta, Apple, Sony, Samsung and Nike, are investing a lot of money into the field.
One 2025 study by the University of Victoria found that more people utilising VR fitness programs were exercising for longer periods of time. VR based fitness users actively worked out sessions that were an average of 34% longer and VR fitness users were also 2.2 times more likely to complete weekly physical workout requirements than users of traditional home workout equipment.
The real question is, how viable is the market and how much of an opportunity is there for VC-funded startups that are working on the future of fitness technology?
Why Virtual Fitness is Worth Watching
VR fitness is built to solve the problem of the dropout of users of home fitness programs. According to studies, traditional home workouts suffer from dropout rates of 50% within three months. Repetitive workouts become boring and are a drain on motivation.
However, exercising in VR allows fitness to be gamified and VR fitness studies have uncovered an important phenomenon: users perceive their heart rate and effort to be lower than it is and are likely to work out even harder than in traditional settings.
Can You Actually Become Fitter With VR Fitness?
There is no shortage of virtual fitness games out there and yes, you can actually become fitter through a faster heart rate and all while ‘playing a game’ that might not seem so exhaustive when compared to the gym. Active VR games can create an effective aerobic workout and burn calories on par with biking or light jogging.
These games produce real results and the research backs it up. Active VR workouts consistently produce heart rates in the aerobic zone. Game examples include Beat Saber, Supernatural, Les Mills Body Combat VR and Thrill of the Fight.
Opportunities to Expand into Mental Well-Being Through VR
VR fitness isn’t just about physical output. Immersive environments have documented effects on stress and mood, exercising in a virtual forest or on a clifftop coastline produces different psychological responses to a gym mirror.
This mental wellness dimension is opening a new product category: VR fitness platforms that blur into mindfulness apps, targeting the significant overlap between corporate wellness programmes and mental health investment.
What Are The Limitations of Virtual Fitness?
Currently the biggest weakness in VR fitness is the lack of options for strength training. The types of movements that build and maintain muscle mass, like squats and deadlifts, can’t be effectively done in VR without some added equipment. One of the few companies that have started to tackle this problem is Black Box VR, which offers gyms combining VR and cable resistance.
Startups Worth Keeping an Eye On in The VR Fitness Sector
There are a handful of innovative startups in the VR fitness industry that are worth watching in 2026 and beyond- from subscription-based fitness tools to interactive challenges that help increase stamina and even strength:
Supernatural
In 2023, Meta completed its acquisition of Supernatural and integrated the VR fitness platform into the expanding Meta Quest ecosystem. The service offers users daily workouts set in immersive real-world locations, enhanced by licensed music and guided instruction.
As a subscription-based platform, Supernatural has consistently demonstrated some of the strongest retention rates in the consumer VR market, highlighting the viability of the VR fitness subscription model. In 2026, Meta announced that Supernatural would be spun off into a new independent company, Supernatural Health, led by the platform’s original founders. Supernatural Health is expected to relaunch in autumn 2026 with higher subscription pricing, reflecting a renewed focus on growing the platform as a standalone fitness business.
Black Box VR

Purpose-built VR gyms seem to be the focus of Black Box VR. Combining resistance machines and immersive environments is an interesting approach, especially with the existing VR home ecosystems providing frictionless workouts. Black Box VR’s franchise model suggests that they believe the hybrid VR/gym model will bring an edge over the competition when compared to only a software solution.
HOLOFIT

HOLOFIT is a virtual reality fitness platform developed by Holodia that transforms cardio workouts into immersive experiences. Using a VR headset, users can row, cycle, run, or perform bodyweight exercises while exploring virtual worlds and completing interactive challenges.
The platform connects with rowing machines, exercise bikes and ellipticals, making workouts more engaging and motivating through gamification, virtual coaching and online competitions.
Fitness
Exercise Tips From Dr. Schwartz for Summer Fitness – MyRye.com
Special promotional content provided by White Plains Hospital
There is no time like the present to get your fitness routine back on track—or start one for the first time, advises Dr. Michael Schwartz, an Orthopedic Surgeon and Sports Medicine Physician at White Plains Hospital Physician Associates.
Here’s what Dr. Schwartz wants you to keep in mind as you get moving this summer.
(PHOTO: Dr. Michael Schwartz, orthopedic surgeon and sports medicine physician at White Plains Hospital Physician Associates.) Credit: Contributed.Q: If I’m completely new to exercise or have taken considerable time off, how can I get started again this summer?
A: It’s important to start slow, maybe two to three days a week. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that most people get about 150 minutes of physical activity a week, along with at least two days of strength training. And remember:
- Those minutes can be broken up throughout the week to help make the task more manageable.
- You can follow the recommended amount of time, but you don’t want to go too hard or too fast when you first start out.
- If you’re not used to running, start with a walk and then work your way up to more intense workouts. You can also do a lot of simple strength training at home with just a chair—search online for videos or apps to find the right routine for you.
- You should rest between exercises to give your muscles time to recover, repair, and rebuild.
Q: I hear a lot about overuse injuries. How can I avoid that?
A: These injuries can be common, which is why I often advise a combination of cardiovascular activities like running, rowing, and biking. If you switch up what you’re doing, then you’ll be using different muscle groups and hopefully not working one of them too hard.
Q: Workout trends seem to come and go. Is there one that you think is more beneficial than others?
A: People were really into their bikes when the pandemic hit and that was great. Some people enjoy Pilates, some like HIIT (high intensity interval training) workouts—these are great because they balance strength and cardiovascular focuses. This also benefits your metabolic function, which is great for your overall health. The best exercise routine to follow is one that you are actually going to do consistently: Find something you like, and then work it into your routine.
Q: Knowing the importance of both cardio and strength training, is there a way for a person to determine how much of each they need?
A: This is going to be unique for each person. It’s certainly something that you could talk to a personal trainer about if you’d like a personal assessment and one-on-one guidance. For most people, it’s about doing what you can.
For instance, walking is a great way to get a workout without fancy equipment or hiring a personal trainer. Just put on some sneakers and go. And, eventually, you can turn those walks into more intense workouts by adding hills, hiking on different terrains, or even rucking, adding weight to a backpack so you can turn your walk into a strength-training routine.
Q: How might a person’s approach to fitness change as they age?
A: When we’re younger, it’s important to build a strong foundation through cardio and strength training to develop muscle, endurance, and overall fitness. This sets us up for long-term health. But as we age—often starting in our 40s—muscle and bone density naturally begin to decline. That’s when strength training becomes even more essential, particularly for women navigating changes during and after menopause. Maintaining strength helps preserve mobility, balance, and core stability as we continue to age, which are critical for preventing falls and staying active without pain.
Q: We’ve all heard the phrase, “No pain, no gain.” But how can you tell the difference between healthy soreness and an injury?
A: Some soreness following exercise is normal, and it is important to allow your body rest periods for your muscles to recover. On the same note, you also need to be in tune with your body. An acute pain could mean that you pulled or otherwise injured something and you should see an orthopedist. Regular muscle soreness shouldn’t last more than a few days.
Dr. Michael Schwartz is an Orthopedic Surgeon and Sports Medicine Physician at White Plains Hospital Physician Associates. To schedule an appointment, call 914.849.7897.
This article originally appeared on Health Matters, a White Plains Hospital publication.
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