Health
For women over 60, here is the number of daily steps needed to protect heart health
We’ve all heard the widespread recommendation of hitting 10,000 steps per day for optimal health, but some groups — such as women over age 60 — may not need that many.
That’s according to a new study published in JAMA Cardiology, which found that women between the ages of 63 and 99 only needed an average of 3,600 steps per day to reduce their heart failure risk by 26%.
“[This was] after accounting for differences in age, race and ethnicity, and clinical factors known to increase one’s risk of heart failure,” said lead author Michael J. LaMonte, PhD, research professor of epidemiology and environmental health in UB’s School of Public Health and Health Professions, in a statement to Fox News Digital.
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“That is far fewer than the often targeted 10,000 steps per day,” he noted.
Researchers from University at Buffalo in New York observed 6,000 U.S. women between ages 63 and 99, gathering data about their physical activity, sedentary time and heart health.
Women between the ages of 63 and 99 only needed an average of 3,600 steps per day to reduce their heart failure risk by 26%. (iStock)
During a period of 7½ years, there were 407 cases of heart failure in the group.
The risk was found to be 12% to 17% lower for every 70 minutes of light activity (housework, self-care and other daily tasks) and 30 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity (climbing stairs, doing yard work, walking or jogging).
Heart disease risk was found to be 12% to 17% lower for every 70 minutes of light activity, such as housework, self-care and other daily tasks. (iStock)
For every 90 minutes of sedentary time, the heart failure risk increased by 17%, the researchers found.
To measure their physical activity, the participants wore a tracking device on their hips for a week.
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“Even the lighter-intensity activities of daily living and walking seem to be associated with a lower risk of heart failure in older women,” said LaMonte.
“So, our data suggest that physical activity amounts and intensity below what’s currently recommended in public health guidelines could be beneficial for heart failure prevention in later life.”
To measure their physical activity, the participants in a new study wore a tracking device on their hips for a week. (iStock)
The study evaluated risk for two different types of heart failure, including heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).
With this condition, also known as diastolic heart failure, the heart muscle contracts as it should, but the left ventricle remains stiff and prevents the heart from filling properly with blood, according to the American Heart Association’s website.
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“HFpEF is the most common form of heart failure seen in older women and among racial and ethnic minority groups, and at present there are few established treatment options — which makes primary prevention all the more relevant,” LaMonte told Fox News Digital.
“This type of heart failure is increasingly common in women, older adults and racial-ethnic minority groups,” Lamonte told Fox News Digital.
The study evaluated risk for two different types of heart failure, including heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), the most common form of heart failure seen in older women. (iStock)
“Unfortunately, there presently are no established therapies to treat this heart failure subtype, making its prevention that much more important. The relevance only increases with population aging, as women are expected to outnumber men in the 80+ group over the coming decades.”
LaMonte added, “The potential for light intensity activities of daily life to contribute to the prevention of HFpEF in older women is an exciting and promising result for future studies to evaluate in other groups, including older men.”
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The risk of heart failure, including HFpEF, became “significantly lower” at around 2,500 steps per day, according to the release.
The risk dropped by 25% to 30% at the 3,600-step mark.
Potential limitations
There were some limitations of the study, the lead researcher noted.
“The observational study design requires caution against interpreting causation on the basis of associational results,” LaMonte told Fox News Digital.
“We only had a single accelerometer measure, and activity habits could change during follow-up, so repeat measures would be preferable.”
“Even lighter-intensity activities of daily living and walking seem to be associated with a lower risk of heart failure in older women.”
The researchers also did not have newer biomarkers of cardiac injury and volume overload, he said, which would have resulted in richer analysis of activity that may lower heart failure risk.
“Our cohort is older, postmenopausal women, so other studies need to confirm these results in men and younger individuals,” LaMonte said.
Importance of exercise for older women
Dr. Bradley Serwer, a cardiologist and chief medical officer at VitalSolution, a Cincinnati, Ohio-based company that offers cardiovascular and anesthesiology services to hospitals, was not involved in the study but noted the importance of physical activity for heart health.
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“Regular exercise can help improve cardiovascular fitness by improving peripheral circulation, improving vascular tone, and controlling comorbidities such as high blood pressure, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia,” he told Fox News Digital.
Senior women should aim for a mixture of aerobic and weight-lifting exercises on a regular basis, a doctor said. (iStock)
“It is important to stay active both mentally and physically, especially over the age of 50.”
Ideally, senior women should aim for a mixture of aerobic and weight-lifting exercises on a regular basis, Serwer said.
For those who are over 50, he warned that high-impact exercises, such as running, may lead to overuse injuries.
“Low-impact activities such as cycling, walking, swimming or yoga can be highly beneficial,” he recommended.
“A simple message for older adults is, ‘Sit less and move more.’”
For those who haven’t exercised in a while, Serwer said it’s important to see a doctor to make sure they are healthy enough to start a fitness program.
“Once it’s determined you are healthy enough for exercise, I recommend starting slow and gradually building up,” he said. “Sometimes it is helpful to hire a personal trainer or join a gym with an exercise physiologist.”
For those who haven’t exercised in a while, a cardiologist said it’s important to see a doctor to make sure they are healthy enough to start a fitness program. (iStock)
LaMonte added, “A simple message for older adults is, ‘Sit less and move more.’”
Moving around the home, caregiving and walking are beneficial sources of movement for cardiovascular health in later life, he noted.
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“For those capable and interested in doing moderate-intensity activities, greater benefit is likely gained — but movement doesn’t have to be fancy or planned,” he said.
“Just try to be active in daily life and try to interrupt prolonged sitting with a little walking.”
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Missing out on adequate sleep could be taking years off your life.
New research from the Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), published in the journal Sleep Advances, found that poor sleep may shorten life expectancy more than other lifestyle factors like diet, exercise and loneliness.
The researchers analyzed nationwide CDC survey data, identifying trends associated with average life expectancy by county, according to a press release.
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The study found that lack of adequate sleep led to higher mortality risk in every U.S. state and was the top behavioral driver compared to other factors, only behind smoking.
Senior study author Andrew McHill, Ph.D., associate professor and director of the Sleep, Chronobiology, and Health Laboratory in the OHSU School of Nursing, noted in a statement that he did not expect sleep to be “so strongly correlated” to life expectancy.
Poor sleep is directly correlated with shorter life expectancy, the study reveals. (iStock)
“We’ve always thought sleep is important, but this research really drives that point home: People really should strive to get seven to nine hours of sleep, if at all possible,” he said.
“This research shows that we need to prioritize sleep at least as much as we do [in] what we eat or how we exercise.”
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In a previous interview with Fox News Digital, Dr. Daniel Amen, psychiatrist and owner of Amen Clinics in California, emphasized how important sleep is for brain function and longevity.
Researchers suggest people should prioritize sleep just as much as diet and exercise. (iStock)
“Sleep is so important,” he said. “When you sleep, your brain cleans and washes itself. And if you don’t sleep seven to nine hours at night, your brain looks older than you are — there’s less blood flow, and it increases inflammation in the brain.”
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“Your brain doesn’t have enough time to get rid of the toxins that build up during the day.”
Lack of adequate sleep can lead to poor decisions and foster toxic cycles, the doctor warned.
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“If your brain has less activity in the front part, not only are you tired, but you’re also hungrier, and you’re more likely to not make the best decisions,” he said.
“Which, of course, will stress you out, and then you won’t sleep well the next night.”
A doctor suggests being “purposeful” about going to bed and waking up each day. (iStock)
One small change to promote longevity and brain health is to try getting to bed 15 minutes earlier, Amen suggested.
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“Really be purposeful about not being distracted by Netflix or your phone,” he said.
“And when you get up in the morning, say to yourself, ‘Today is going to be a great day.’ The more positive you are, the better your brain.”
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Humans have been chewing gum for thousands of years, long after the flavor fades and without any clear nutritional benefit.
The habit dates back at least 8,000 years to Scandinavia, where people chewed birchbark pitch to soften it into a glue for tools. Other ancient cultures, including the Greeks, Native Americans and the Maya, also chewed tree resins for pleasure or soothing effects, National Geographic recently reported.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, William Wrigley Jr. transformed chewing gum from a novelty into a mass consumer habit through relentless and innovative marketing. His brands, including Juicy Fruit and Spearmint, promoted gum as a way to calm nerves, curb hunger and stay focused.
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“Are you worried? Chew gum,” an article from 1916 said, according to Kerry Segrave’s book, “Chewing Gum in America, 1850-1920: The Rise of an Industry.” “Do you lie awake at night? Chew gum,” it continued. “Are you depressed? Is the world against you? Chew gum.”
Advertisements have long framed chewing gum as a tool for stress relief and mental sharpness. (Keystone View Company/FPG/Archive Photos/Getty Images)
In the 1940s, a study found chewing resulted in lower tension but couldn’t say why.
“The gum-chewer relaxes and gets more work done,” The New York Times wrote at the time about the study’s results.
Gum became an early form of wellness, and companies are trying to revive that idea today as gum sales decline, according to National Geographic.
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But only now are scientists finally beginning to understand the biology behind those long-standing beliefs.
Chewing gum may briefly affect attention and stress-related brain activity, according to studies. (iStock)
A 2025 review by researchers at the University of Szczecin in Poland analyzed more than three decades of brain-imaging studies to examine what happens inside the brain when people chew gum. Using MRI, EEG and near-infrared spectroscopy research, the authors found that chewing alters brain activity in regions tied to movement, attention and stress regulation.
The findings help clarify why the seemingly pointless task can feel calming or focusing, even once the flavor has faded.
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Chewing gum activated not only the brain’s motor and sensory networks involved in chewing, but also higher-order regions linked to attention, alertness and emotional control, the review found. EEG studies found brief shifts in brain-wave patterns linked to heightened alertness and what researchers call “relaxed concentration.”
Humans have chewed gum for pleasure for thousands of years, according to reports. (iStock)
“If you’re doing a fairly boring task for a long time, chewing seems to be able to help with concentration,” Crystal Haskell-Ramsay, a professor of biological psychology at Northumbria University, told National Geographic.
The review also supports earlier findings that gum chewing can ease stress, but only in certain situations. In laboratory experiments, people who chewed gum during mildly stressful tasks such as public speaking or mental math often reported lower anxiety levels than those who didn’t.
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Chewing gum did not, however, consistently reduce anxiety in high-stress medical situations, such as immediately before surgery, and it offered no clear benefit when participants faced unsolvable problems designed to induce frustration.
Some studies suggest chewing gum can reduce stress in mild situations but not extreme ones. (iStock)
Across multiple studies, people who chewed gum did not remember lists of words or stories better than those who didn’t, the researchers also found, and any boost in attention faded soon after chewing stopped.
Gum may simply feed the desire to fidget, experts suspect.
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“Although these effects are often short-lived, the range of outcomes … underscores chewing gum’s capacity to modulate brain function beyond simple oral motor control,” the researchers wrote.
“However, at this time, the neural changes associated with gum chewing cannot be directly linked to the positive behavioral and functional outcomes observed in studies,” they added.
A 2025 review analyzed decades of MRI, EEG and near-infrared spectroscopy studies on gum chewing. (iStock)
Future research should address longer-term impacts, isolate flavor or stress variables and explore potential therapeutic applications, the scientists said.
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The findings also come with caveats beyond brain science. Although sugar-free gum may help reduce cavities, Fox News Digital has previously reported that dentists warn acids, sweeteners and excessive chewing may harm teeth or trigger other side effects.
Fox News Digital has reached out to the study’s authors for comment.
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