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Why tensions with neighbours have stalled North Macedonia’s EU bid

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Why tensions with neighbours have stalled North Macedonia’s EU bid

EU ambassadors failed to approve the opening of the next chapter of EU accession talks with Skopje last week.

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In the rural highlands where North Macedonia’s north-east borders Bulgaria’s west, workers swelter in the late September heat.

They’re entering the final stages of building a strategically critical high-speed road connecting the capitals of Skopje and Sofia.

The road is part of the planned ‘Corridor 8’ route linking Italy’s Adriatic coast by sea to Albania, then stretching all the way through North Macedonia to the port of Varna on Bulgaria’s Black Sea coast. A rail connection along the same corridor is also in the works.

When complete, it will anchor the Western Balkan nations of Albania and North Macedonia into Europe’s transport and trading network, quite literally paving their way into the European Union, while also providing NATO with a strategic military corridor.

But the rail and road project, like North Macedonia’s bid to join the European bloc, has been rigged with obstacles, delays and disputes.

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The country’s populist prime minister Hristijan Mickoski has accused Bulgaria of failing to commit to the rail route on its territory, saying the railway will end in a “dead end” on the Bulgarian border. He has threatened to divert the EU funds dedicated to the project to another route known as Corridor 10, which would link Skopje with Belgrade and Budapest to the north, where Eurosceptic nationalists considered close to Mickoski are in government. 

The corridor dispute comes amid what Bulgarian officials see as a further unravelling in relations between the two countries, which have plunged to a new low since the right-wing VMRO-DPMNE party scored victory in North Macedonia’s parliamentary and presidential elections last May. 

A long-standing dispute with Greece over North Macedonia’s name has also resurfaced, as nationalists in Skopje informally refer to the country as ‘Macedonia’ in what officials in Athens see as a blatant violation of the 2018 Prespa agreement.

It meant there was no unanimous agreement among EU ambassadors last week to open the first negotiating chapters on North Macedonia’s accession to the bloc. Neighbouring Albania, meanwhile, has been given the green light.

EU bets on cash-for-reforms strategy

Despite Albania now overtaking its neighbour, officials in Brussels and Skopje still hope the recently-installed Macedonian government will remain focused on its accession path.

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The EU executive is betting on its new €6-billion Growth Plan for the Western Balkans, under which it will inject investment into the seven Western Balkan candidate countries over the next three years in return for reforms designed to bring their economies and societies closer to the EU.

The €6 billion – which consists of €2 billion in grants and €4 billion in concessional loans – will be distributed according to each country’s GDP and population, but only made available once they have implemented so-called ‘reform agendas’ designed to align their laws, standards and practices with those of the EU.

Another unique feature of the Growth Plan is that countries that fail to hit their reform targets could see the funds allocated to them diverted to other countries in the Western Balkans region.

EU sources say the model is designed to create “competition” between neighbours and incentivise quicker reforms.

“Luckily, the new North Macedonian government has really bought into the EU accession process as did the previous government,” a diplomatic source said. “When the new government was sworn in, there were no major deviations from the reform agenda negotiated by the previous government.”

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“But the proof is in the pudding. We’ll need to wait and see if they implement these reforms,” the diplomat added.

The cash-for-reforms model is part of Brussels’ plan to accelerate reforms on a raft of issues including the rule of law, the independence of the judiciary and the fight against corruption. The reform agendas are expected to be endorsed as early as October, meaning the first “pre-financing” payments could be disbursed by the end of this year. 

All countries – with the exception of Bosnia and Herzegovina – have to date submitted their draft reform agendas, as officials in Sarajevo are still deciding how the country’s parliamentary assembly should endorse the plans.

“If a country doesn’t meet its commitment under their reform agendas, the money allocated to it could be transferred to another country in the Western Balkans, creating an element of competition completely new compared to previous financing instruments,” an EU official explained.

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Another EU official, speaking on condition of anonymity, added that tackling corruption was one of the biggest challenges in North Macedonia and other candidate countries in the region, but that the EU executive had robust mechanisms to safeguard its funding.

“Corruption is present. But we have a policy of zero tolerance for corruption and very strict frameworks in place,” the EU official said, “If it happens, and it does, our mechanisms kick in.”

Member states wield veto power

But even if Skopje successfully meets all its targets and reaps the benefits of the Growth Plan, it can only progress on its path to EU membership if it continues to mend the relationship with neighbouring Bulgaria.

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That will prove challenging as lawmakers in Sofia and Skopje continue to exchange combative rhetoric.

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Each member state must give its explicit green light to the opening of each step in the EU accession process.

Responding to EU ambassadors’ failure to move on accession talks with North Macedonia, former Bulgarian premier Boyko Borissov – who leads the biggest party in the Bulgarian parliament and chairs its foreign affairs committee – said Skopje had to “face the consequences of its actions,” accusing Mickoski’s government of blaming Bulgaria for delays in its membership bid.

Borissov recently called for the resignation of North Macedonia’s deputy prime minister and transport minister after a war of words involving the Corridor 8 route linking the country’s capitals.

Bulgaria will vote in its seventh election in just three years on October 27, following multiple failures to form a government.

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NATO head and Trump meet in Florida for talks on global security

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NATO head and Trump meet in Florida for talks on global security

BRUSSELS (AP) — U.S. President-elect Donald Trump and the head of NATO have met for talks on global security, the military alliance said Saturday.

In a brief statement, NATO said Trump and its secretary general, Mark Rutte, met on Friday in Palm Beach, Florida.

“They discussed the range of global security issues facing the Alliance,” the statement said without giving details.

It appeared to be Rutte’s first meeting with Trump since his Nov. 5 election. Rutte had previously congratulated Trump and said “his leadership will again be key to keeping our Alliance strong” and that he looked forward to working with him.

Trump has for years expressed skepticism about the Western alliance and complained about the defense spending of many of its member nations, which he regarded as too low. He depicted NATO allies as leeches on the U.S. military and openly questioned the value of the alliance that has defined American foreign policy for decades. He threatened not to defend NATO members that fail to meet defense-spending goals.

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Rutte and his team also met Trump’s pick as national security adviser, U.S. Rep. Michael Waltz, and other members of the president-elect’s national security team, the NATO statement said.

Rutte took over at the helm of NATO in October.

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US scrambles as drones shape the landscape of war: 'the future is here'

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US scrambles as drones shape the landscape of war: 'the future is here'

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FIRST ON FOX: The U.S. Army this week took steps to advance American military capabilities by ordering close to 12,000 surveillance drones small enough to fit in a backpack as the reality of battle shifts in favor of electronic warfare. 

Conflicts around the globe, particularly the war in Ukraine, have drastically changed how major nations think about conducting war, explained drone expert and former U.S. Army intelligence and special operations soldier Brett Velicovich to Fox News Digital.

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The nearly three-year-long war in Ukraine has often depicted scenes not witnessed since World War II, with children loaded onto trains, veins of trenches scarring the eastern front and renewed concern over how the geopolitics of this conflict could ensnare the entire Western world. 

1,000 DAYS OF WAR IN UKRAINE AS ZELENSKYY DOUBLES DOWN ON AERIAL OPTIONS WITH ATACMS, DRONES AND MISSILES

A UJ-22 Airborne (UkrJet) reconnaissance drone prepares to land during a test flight in the Kyiv region of Ukraine on Aug. 2, 2022. (Sergei Supinsky/AFP via Getty Images)

But Ukraine’s scrappy response to its often outnumbered and at times outgunned reality has completely changed how major nations look at the modern-day battlefield. 

“Think about how we fought wars in the past,” Velicovich, a Fox News contributor, said, pointing to the Vietnam War. “When you were fighting the enemy over that trench line, you didn’t know who was over that hill. You saw a red hat and you fired at it.” 

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“Now you have the ability to see what’s over that hill and maneuver your forces quickly based on that,” he added. 

A report by The Wall Street Journal this week said the U.S. Army secured potentially its largest-ever purchase of small surveillance drones from Red Cat Holding’s Utah-based Teal Drones. 

This move is a significant step that the U.S. has been eyeing for more than a decade after terrorists first began employing small-drone tactics against the U.S. military in the Middle East.

According to Velicovich, who routinely visits Ukraine to advise on drone technology, the U.S. is trailing its top adversaries like Russia and China when it comes investment in drone capabilities.  

Ukraine soldiers drone trenches

Ukrainian soldiers look for a drone in a trench at their infantry position in the direction of Kupiansk, Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine, on March 10. (Diego Herrera Carcedo/Anadolu via Getty Images)

US BRIEFED UKRAINE AHEAD OF PUTIN’S ‘EXPERIMENTAL INTERMEDIATE-RANGE BALLISTIC’ ATTACK

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While the U.S. invested heavily in sophisticated systems like Predator and Reaper drones — which are multimillion-dollar systems designed for intelligence collection and lengthy navigation flight times and possess missile strike capabilities — it is the small, cheaply made unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) which are changing battlefield dynamics. 

“These handheld, small UAS systems that you are able to take a drone with a bomb strapped to it [have become] basically an artillery shell now. It’s guided artillery shells,” Velicovich said in reference to Unmanned Aircraft Systems, which include not only the UAV, but also the controller manned from the ground. “Frankly, it’s changing how countries are going to fight wars in the future, and the U.S. has been so slow to get ahead of this.”

It has reportedly taken the U.S. Army some 15 years to start beefing up its Short Range Reconnaissance program with these backpack-sized drones, in part because there was a mental hurdle the Department of Defense needed to push through.

“It’s the mentality of senior leaders,” Velicovich explained. “These guys are hardened battle infantry guys. They didn’t grow up with fancy technology.”

“It really takes a lot of people understanding, changing their thought process. And that’s happening now because of the accelerating war in Ukraine, where they’ve seen how effective drones are,” he said, noting that drones can no longer be dismissed as gimmicks or toys of the future. 

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“Now it’s real. Now it’s here, the future is here,” Velicovich said. “We will never fight another war without drones.”

drone

The U.S. Army has acquired nearly 12,000 Black Widow drones from Red Cat’s Teal Drones in a move to beef up its short-range reconnaissance capabilities as battlefield realities turn to electronic warfare. (Red Cat Holdings)

Teal Drones worked to develop a UAS system based on battlefield needs identified by the U.S. Army, and eventually created the drone that has been dubbed the Black Widow, explained Red Cat CEO Jeff Thompson to Fox News Digital. 

BIDEN ADMINISTRATION TO ANNOUNCE $275 MILLION UKRAINE WEAPONS PACKAGE THIS WEEK

This sophisticated system is capable of being operated by a single man, can resist Russian jammers, has strike capabilities, and can fly in GPS-denied zones — an important factor that has been highlighted by the war in Ukraine.

“The Short Range Reconnaissance drone is really going to be able to help the warfighter be more lethal and be a safer soldier,” Thompson said.

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The U.S. Army greenlighted the purchase of nearly 12,000 drones. Each soldier kitted out with the Black Widow technology will be given what is called a “system,” which includes two drones and one controller — all of which can fit in one’s rucksack. 

Each system, including the drones and controller, costs the U.S. government about $45,000.

But, as Johnson pointed out, Ukraine’s armed forces are going through about 10,000 drones a month — which suggests the U.S. will need to acquire far more than 12,000 drones. 

drone Ukraine

A soldier with the 58th Independent Motorized Infantry Brigade of the Ukrainian Army catches a drone while testing it so it can be used nearby as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine continues, near Bakhmut, Ukraine, on Nov. 25, 2022. (Reuters/Leah Millis)

The war in Ukraine has shown that affordably made drones, particularly FPV drones, which stands for “first-person view,” can be made for as low as $1,000 a drone and frequently strapped with explosives and utilized as kamikaze drones. 

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But drone warfare is about significantly more than sheer quantity — it’s a “power game.”

“This is a cat and mouse game,” Velicovich said, explaining that drone and counter-drone technology, like jamming systems, are constantly evolving. “This is playing out at a level that most people don’t realize.”

“It’s like we were almost peering into the future,” he continued. “We are seeing what’s happening on the ground now, there in Ukraine, and eventually we’ll have to fight a war similar to it, and we just need to be ready.”

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At least 11 killed and dozens injured in Israeli strikes on Beirut

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At least 11 killed and dozens injured in Israeli strikes on Beirut

The strikes came a day after heavy bombardment of Beirut’s southern suburbs and as heavy ground fighting between Israeli forces and Hezbollah militants continues in southern Lebanon, with Israeli troops pushing further into the country.

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At least 11 people were killed and dozens more injured after Israeli airstrikes devastated parts of central Beirut on Saturday – with diplomats scrambling to broker a ceasefire in the country. 

The strike destroyed an eight-story building, leaving a crater in the ground, and was the fourth on the Lebanese capital in less than a week. 

Lebanon’s civil defence said the death toll was provisional as emergency responders were still digging through the rubble looking for survivors. 

A separate drone strike in the southern port city of Tyre killed one person and injured another, according to the country’s National News Agency. 

Israel’s military did not issue a warning for residents to evacuate prior to the strikes in central Beirut and would not comment on those strikes or on the one in Tyre. 

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The news comes as heavy ground fighting between Israeli forces and Hezbollah militants continues in southern Lebanon, with Israeli troops pushing farther from the border. 

US envoy Amos Hochstein travelled to the region this week in an attempt to broker a ceasefire deal to end the more than 13 months of fighting between Israel and Hezbollah, which escalated into full-on war over the last two months. 

More than 3,500 people have been killed and over 15,000 wounded by Israeli bombardment in Lebanon, according to the Lebanese health ministry. 1.2 million people, or a quarter of the Lebanese population, were reportedly displaced by the fighting. 

On the Israeli side, about 90 soldiers and nearly 50 civilians have been killed by rockets, drones and missiles in northern Israel and in fighting in Lebanon. 

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