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Ukraine-Russia conflict: War crimes of the last century

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Ukraine-Russia conflict: War crimes of the last century

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The Worldwide Legal Court docket opened an investigation into doable battle crimes after Russian President Vladimir Putin permitted a “particular navy operation” in Ukraine Feb. 24, a somber reminder of the variety of battle crimes dedicated over the past century.

The United Nations says that battle crimes should happen throughout an armed battle, and examples could embrace homicide, merciless therapy and torture, taking of hostages, deliberately directing assaults in opposition to the civilian inhabitants, and extra.

One skilled beforehand instructed Fox Information Digital that the ICC will examine potential battle crimes dedicated by people.

“With respect to the scenario in Ukraine, the ICC prosecutor could examine allegations of battle crimes, crimes in opposition to humanity and the crime of genocide,” Dustin Lewis, analysis director on the Harvard Regulation College Program on Worldwide Regulation and Armed Battle, mentioned. 

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RUSSIA INVADES UKRAINE: LIVE UPDATES

Russian President Vladimir Putin attends a gathering with Russian Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu on the Kremlin, in Moscow on February 14, 2022. 
((Picture by Alexei Nikolsky/Sputnik/AFP by way of Getty Photographs))

“The ICC is empowered to train jurisdiction solely over pure individuals. In different phrases, it might institute proceedings solely in opposition to particular person people. The ICC has no jurisdiction over the entities with which these people could also be affiliated, resembling a authorities or a navy,” he added.

This is a take a look at some battle crimes of the previous century:

Armenian Genocide

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From 1915 to 1916, tons of of 1000’s of Armenians died after the Ottoman Turks started mass deportations from japanese Anatolia, which resulted in mass numbers of individuals dying from hunger or illness, in response to the BBC.

Earlier than starting the mass deportations, the Younger Turk regime hanged tons of of Armenians within the streets of Istanbul, in response to Yale College.

The Worldwide Affiliation of Genocide Students estimates that the variety of deaths have been “greater than 1,000,000,” however that quantity is disputed. Armenians declare that the variety of deaths is 1.5 million, whereas the Republic of Turkey says that it is 300,000.

A number of senior Ottoman officers have been tried in reference to the genocide. For instance, Mehmed Kemal, a neighborhood governor, was discovered responsible on the trial and was hanged for his involvement within the mass killing of Armenians, in response to the report.

Whereas Turkey does not deny the staggering variety of Armenian deaths, its authorities says that the “Armenian deaths don’t represent genocide,” in response to Radio Free Europe.

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UKRAINE WAR CONDITIONS BECOME BREEDING GROUND FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASE OUTBREAKS

People lay flowers at the Armenian Genocide Memorial Complex on Tsitsernakaberd Hill on Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day, which commemorates to commemorate the victims of the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire.

Individuals lay flowers on the Armenian Genocide Memorial Advanced on Tsitsernakaberd Hill on Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day, which commemorates to commemorate the victims of the Armenian Genocide within the Ottoman Empire.
(Picture by Hayk BaghdasaryanTASS by way of Getty Photographs)

German Battle Crimes throughout World Battle II

Whereas many battle crimes have been dedicated throughout World Battle II, probably the most heinous was the Holocaust, when the Nazi German regime killed six million European Jews.

Nazi chief Adolf Hitler thought of the Jews an inferior race who have been a risk to German racial purity, and enacted legal guidelines that focused Jews, excluding them from German society, in response to the USA Holocaust Museum.

In September 1941, each particular person designated as a Jew in Nazi Germany was required to put on a yellow star, which made them a goal, in response to Historical past.com.

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Between 1941 and 1945, throughout World Battle II, Nazi Germany started the Holocaust dying camps, the place six million Jews have been killed. Officers in Germany transported Jews to those dying camps, the place they have been disadvantaged of meals, water, bogs, warmth, and medical care, in response to the USA Holocaust Museum.

It wasn’t till Might 1945 when the Holocaust got here to an finish, when the Allied Powers started to overrun focus camps after which liberate those that had survived, in response to the museum.

Algerian Battle

The Algerian Nationwide Liberation Entrance fought France between 1954 and 1962 within the Algerian Battle, and historians estimate that round 250,000 to 300,000 Algerians died through the battle, the College of North Carolina says.

In 1954, the Nationwide Liberation Entrance launched a variety of armed revolts all through the nation and demanded that the nation be declared impartial, and France despatched troops to the nation to observe the scenario, in response to the Atlantic.

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By August 1945, the Nationwide Liberation Entrance focused civilians and incited a mob that killed greater than 120 folks, in response to the report. In response, French troops and “vigilante committees” killed between 1,200 and 12,000 Muslims.

After years of battles and tons of of 1000’s of civilians killed, the French declared a ceasefire and the Algerian folks voted to change into impartial of France in 1962.

One French officer, Paul Aussaresses, admitted to torturing in addition to killing Algerian prisoners of battle, in response to the BBC. A French courtroom convicted Aussaresses of defending the utilization of torture in 2002.

The post-war amnesty prevented Aussaresses and others from being tried for battle crimes, in response to the BBC.

Russo-Georgian Battle

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The Russo-Georgian battle started on August 8, 2008, when Russian forces moved into Georgia and started the primary battle in Europe of the twenty first century, in response to the Atlantic Council.

Throughout the battle, which lasted 5 days, a number of hundred civilians and navy members died, in response to the Brookings Institute, however the preventing displaced between 100,000 and 200,000 people.

The Worldwide Legal Court docket opened an investigation into battle crimes dedicated through the battle, however has confronted a number of challenges.

The European Court docket of Human Rights dominated in January 2021 that Russia was liable for a number of human rights violations through the battle, which incorporates murdering Georgian civilians, in addition to looting and burning properties, in response to the Guardian.

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A view of the Babyn (Babi) Yar Holocaust Memorial Center in Kyiv on March 2, 2022. 

A view of the Babyn (Babi) Yar Holocaust Memorial Heart in Kyiv on March 2, 2022. 
(Hoto By Dimitar Dilkoff/AFP Through Getty Photographs)

Wars between Russia and Chechnya

After adopting a structure that declared Chechnya impartial in 1992, Russian troops entered the nation in 1994 with the aim of taking down the independence motion, in response to the BBC. The battle, which lasted 20 months, killed an estimated most of 100,000 folks. It lasted from 1994 to 1996.

The second battle between Russia and Chechnya started in the summertime of 1999, as Chechen fighters battled with troops from Russia on the border of Chechnya-Dagestan, in response to the BBC. Throughout that summer season, the Chechen rebels battled in Dagestan in an try and create an Islamic state. The second battle went from 1999 to 2000, with Russia declaring direct rule over the nation.

Human Rights Watch alleged that Russian forces dedicated “grave abuses,” which embrace battle crimes, through the battle.

In a listening to earlier than the U.S. Senate Committee on International Relations, Peter Bouckaert, a researcher at Human Rights Watch, offered proof of the battle crimes.

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Bouckaert said that Russian forces performed a “carpet-bombing marketing campaign,” which resulted within the “overwhelming majority” of civilian deaths through the battle.

“The Russian forces have used highly effective surface-to-surface rockets on quite a few events, inflicting dying tolls within the tons of within the Central Market bombing in Grozny and in lots of smaller cities and villages,” Bouckaert mentioned. 

He added that Russian forces turned a lot of Chechnya right into a “wasteland.”

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‘A Complete Unknown’ First Reactions Praise ‘Shockingly Moving’ Bob Dylan Biopic: Timothée Chalamet’s Performance Is a ‘True Tour De Force’

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‘A Complete Unknown’ First Reactions Praise ‘Shockingly Moving’ Bob Dylan Biopic: Timothée Chalamet’s Performance Is a ‘True Tour De Force’

The first reactions to Timothée Chalamet‘s “A Complete Unknown” have started rolling in on social media ahead of the Bob Dylan biopic’s Christmas release date, with members of the press praising Chalamet, Monica Barbaro and more for their performances in the film.

“Timothée Chalamet slides into Bob Dylan with an effortless yet focused determination. Fearless in some hypnotic moments,” Variety‘s senior awards editor Clayton Davis wrote on X. “For me, it’s Monica Barbaro and Elle Fanning that anchor the story of an illusive, mysterious man that remains in that sphere. James Mangold helms with confidence, with gorgeous sets and costumes. Much respect to one of the best to do it.”

Film critic Scott Menzel said Chalamet “delivers the performance of the year,” adding: “A true tour-de-force where Chalamet is never seen. Chalamet’s performance is not just about the voice and look but rather all of the little nuances and mannerisms that he perfectly brings to his life in his portrayal of Bob Dylan. Great supporting performances too from Monica Barbaro as Joan Baez and Edward Norton as Pete Seeger.”

While the reactions to “A Complete Unknown” have been mostly positive so far, the biopic received some negative responses, including Los Angeles film critic Ryan Swen, who used some Dylan lyrics to describe his reaction: “It’s vile and deceitful — it’s cruel and it’s mean. Ugliest thing that you have ever seen.”

The Playlist’s Gregory Ellwood, meanwhile, called the film “superb” and “shockingly moving,” adding: “Chalamet is fantastic. Monica Barbaro is incredible. We need a Joan Baez spin off movie.”

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From Searchlight Pictures and director James Mangold (“Walk the Line”), “A Complete Unknown” follows a young Dylan as he arrives in New York in the early 1960s. The film tracks the music legend as he becomes a fixture in the Greenwich Village folk scene and befriends people like Joan Baez (played by Barbaro) and Pete Seeger (Edward Norton). The film ends after Dylan straps on an electric guitar at Newport Folk Festival in 1965, playing “Like a Rolling Stone” and revolutionizing the genre.

Speaking to Variety back in July, when the first trailer for the film was released, a dozen Dylan experts expressed cautious optimism toward “A Complete Unknown,” praising Chalamet’s performance of “A Hard Rain’s A-Gonna Fall.”

“A Complete Unknown” is written by Mangold and Jay Cocks, and based on Elijah Wald’s 2015 book “Dylan Goes Electric!” The rest of the cast includes Boyd Holbrook as Johnny Cash, P. J. Byrne as Harold Leventhal, Scoot McNairy as Woody Guthrie, Dan Fogler as Albert Grossman and Will Harrison as Bob Neuwirth, among others. The film is produced by Fred Berger, Alex Heineman, Peter Jaysen, Bob Bookman, Alan Gasmer, Jeff Rosen, Chalamet and Mangold.

Check out more first reactions below.

“Wow, #ACompleteUnknown. Timothée Chalamet’s performance in this is superior. James Mangold and his entire team pull off a technical feat from sound, editing, costume, cinematography to production design, down to the subtleties of makeup and hair. Loved it.” — Jazz Tangcay (@jazzt)

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“#ACompleteUnknown is absolutely incredible. Clocks in at nearly 2.5 hrs but flies by. The musical performances are perfectly placed, the story is captivating. Timothée Chalamet, Monica Barbaro, Elle Fanning, and Edward Norton all deliver unforgettable performances. I’m in awe.” — Tessa Smith (@MamasGeeky)

“A COMPLETE UNKNOWN looks and sounds great, a standard biopic that truly comes alive when its iconic characters make passionate music together. Timothée Chalamet is well-cast but Monica Barbaro and Edward Norton steal the show as Joan Baez and Pete Seeger.” — Abe Friedtanzer (@movieswithabe)

“A Complete Unknown manages to maintain tell us everything about Bob Dylan while telling us almost nothing about Bob Dylan. Some would say that was the target. The movie is ultimately about the power of the individual and talent and how what we all want can turn on a dime, repeatedly. Chalamet brings enormous power to this portrait of a man who just keeps leaving but then also keeps delivering surprises. Edward Norton’s turn is perfectly true to Seeger. Monica Barbero delivers a Baez of many facets, from fire to ice. And Elle Fanning is destined to be underrated in a complex turn as “the first NY girlfriend.” I really need to see it again to fully negotiate all that is there and all that is not there by design.” — David Poland (@DavidPoland)

“A COMPLETE UNKNOWN is a solid biopic, showing Bob Dylan as a deeply talented individual with a lack of social intelligence. Timothee Chalamet is excellent & Monica Barbaro is captivating as Joan Baez. Oscar nominatons for Best Picture, Cinematography, Sound, Costumes are possible” — Tim Gerber (@ZurrieSkate)

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Russia launched intercontinental ballistic missile toward Ukraine, air force says

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Russia launched intercontinental ballistic missile toward Ukraine, air force says

Russian troops launched various missiles, reportedly including an intercontinental ballistic missile from the Astrakhan region, in an early morning attack on Ukraine on Thursday.

Ukraine’s Air Force said on its Telegram account that it destroyed six Kh-101 cruise missiles using anti-aircraft combat.

The Russian attack hit critical infrastructure in the central-eastern city of Dnipro, according to the air force.

US EMBASSY IN KYIV CLOSED WEDNESDAY AS ‘POTENTIAL SIGNIFICANT AIR ATTACK’ LOOMS

A Ukrainian chaplain from the city of Dnipro Leonid conducts an evacuation from a frontline village, as local residents are urged to leave due to shelling on November 19, 2024 in the direction of Kurakhovo, Ukraine.  ((Photo by Kostiantyn Liberov/Libkos/Getty Images))

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This comes after Ukraine fired American-supplied long-range missiles into Russia on Tuesday, marking the first time for Kyiv to do so in the 1,000 days of war – a move that was authorized by President Biden on Sunday.

UKRAINE FIRES FIRST BARRAGE OF US-MADE LONG-RANGE MISSILES INTO RUSSIA, KREMLIN SAYS

Russian President Vladimir Putin

Russian President Vladimir Putin listens to Moscow-appointed head of Russian-controlled Zaporizhzhia region of Ukraine, Yevgeny Balitsky during their meeting at the Kremlin in Moscow, Russia, Monday, Nov. 18, 2024. (Vyacheslav Prokofyev, Sputnik, Kremlin Pool Photo via AP)

There are currently no reports on injuries or fatalities.

If the attack did involve an ICBM, it would mark a major escalation in the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and the first time such a weapon has been used.

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This is a breaking news story. Check back for updates.

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Are users deserting Elon Musk’s X en masse and where are they heading?

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Are users deserting Elon Musk’s X en masse and where are they heading?

The limited data on X user numbers makes measuring the full extent of the reported exodus from the platform almost impossible.

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Hundreds of thousands of dissatisfied users have reportedly fled Elon Musk’s X, previously known as Twitter, following Donald Trump’s re-election, with an estimated 115,000 accounts deactivated in the US alone on the day after the ballot.

Celebrities and prominent brands ditching the platform cite mounting concerns over the unchecked spread of misinformation, conspiracy theories and hate speech, as well as what they consider to be Musk’s role in facilitating Trump’s return to power.

“X is a toxic media platform and (…) its owner, Elon Musk, has been able to use its influence to shape political discourse,” news media The Guardian said in a statement announcing it would no longer be posting on the platform.

But, determining the exact number of users leaving X is challenging, as the platform does not regularly release global user data.

The Euroverify team takes a look at what we know about the number of users deserting X and the platforms to which they are migrating.

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How many people are on X and how many are leaving?

Estimates of X’s monthly global user base vary widely. The most generous estimates — used by research agencies and prominent business media — place the number of users at 611 million in April of this year, with a 6% drop to 588 million by September.

While many experts contest these figures, there has been a trend of declining user numbers on the platform since the 2022 Musk takeover, driven by departures in Western democracies. 

X is legally obliged to disclose its user numbers in the EU under the requirements of the bloc’s digital rulebook, the Digital Services Act (DSA).

Its reports show that the average number of EU monthly users fell from 111.4 million in the six months leading up to January 2024 to 106 million in the six months leading up to July.

Although it doesn’t reflect user numbers in other regions of the world, it is the only official data provided by X that shows a trend of decline in users.

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An analysis by Financial Times analysts also suggests X user numbers have fallen by almost a third in the UK and almost a fifth in the US in the year leading up to September 2024.

A closer look at the data shows that user numbers have fallen in 25 of 27 EU member states over the past year, with only Germany and Finland seeing an uptick in numbers.

The drop in user numbers has coincided with a decline in financial prospects, with some estimating the company has lost 75% of its value since it was bought by Musk.

Where are they migrating?

Bluesky, a platform developed by Twitter founder Jack Dorsey, is a popular destination for emigrating X users.

Its CEO Jay Graber revealed earlier this week that users had hit 20 million after averaging 1 million new users per day over a five-day period. Its user numbers have more than tripled since late August. 

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Mastodon, developed by a German non-profit, is also welcoming users from X. Its app downloads are up 47% on iOS and 17% on Android this month according to its creator Eugen Rochko.

But Meta’s Threads, rolled out last year, remains the direct competitor with most active users, estimated at around 275 million.

Could Bluesky be the next big thing?

Given its proximity to the original Twitter interface and its emphasis on content moderation, Bluesky is being widely tipped as the biggest threat to X.

“It certainly seems like an inflection point. Bluesky’s growth over the past couple of years has tended to be directly correlated with Elon Musk’s actions,” David Karpf, associate professor at the School of Media and Public Affairs at George Washington University, told Euronews.

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He believes Musk’s use of the platform to propel Donald Trump’s campaign has played a significant role in convincing more users to leave the platform.

“It’s all been a trickle (of users leaving) up until the past month or two,” he explained. “But it seems like what happened during the election (means that) an awful lot of people who were using X decided, this is not for me.”

Bluesky operates independently to ensure big corporations do not influence its decisions, and users are able to select and fine-tune the algorithm that decides the content they are exposed to through custom feeds.

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It has introduced new “anti-toxicity features”, such as the ability to detach your own post from a “quote post” made by another user. Replies to posts can also be hidden.

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It also has strong blocking features, often described as a “nuclear block”, designed to stamp out harassment and abuse.

But there are concerns that if politics becomes the motive for the exodus from X to Bluesky, the platforms could splinter into two echo chambers, split along political and ideological lines.

For American writer and media critic Parer Molloy, concerns about Bluesky becoming an ideological ‘bubble’ are unfounded: “It’s not about avoiding disagreement — it’s about fostering an environment where disagreements can actually happen productively,” she wrote this week.

“On platforms like X, the problem isn’t just opposing views — it’s the sheer volume of hate, harassment, and dehumanising rhetoric that gets amplified by algorithms.”

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