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EU digital enforcement barometer amid rising pressure from US Big Tech

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EU digital enforcement barometer amid rising pressure from US Big Tech

The European Commission will conclude several investigations launched against Big Tech in the coming months. As US tech giants pressure the EU to retreat and align with laissez faire tone struck by the incoming Trump administration, we take stock of the ongoing probes.

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The two-year anniversary of the introduction of the EU Digital Markets Act (DMA) – rules that aim to ensure fair competition in online platforms – is approaching, and with it come deadlines in outstanding probes into US tech giants Apple, Meta and Alphabet. 

We look at the enforcement action the European Commission has taken up till now, and what to expect under the EU executive’s new mandate and the second administration of US President Donald Trump. 

Incoming Trump administration

In September 2023 the Commission identified six gatekeepers under the Digital Markets Act: Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta and Microsoft, who together account for 22 core platform services that fall under the scope of the rules. Last year, it added hotel renting website Booking.com to the list. They all had six months to comply with the rules. 

Under the DMA, these companies need to ensure they offer more choice and more freedom to end users and business users.

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However, the new Republican administration led by Donald Trump, which will be inaugurated on 20 January, is likely to pose new challenges for the Commission. 

Some of the Big Tech CEOs have spoken out against stringent EU regulation, and changed some of their fact-checking and inclusion policies in the US. If those changes were to apply in the EU as well, that would raise questions about the compliance with the DMA’s sister-legislation, the Digital Services Act (DSA), which obliges platforms to tackle illegal content and protect minors online.

Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg has sought to improve his relationships with the incoming president: following Trump’s election victory in November, Zuckerberg flew to Florida and dined with the Republican at his Mar-a-Lago club. 

Earlier this month, Meta announced that it would replace Meta’s fact-checkers in the US with a “community notes” system similar to Elon Musk’s platform X. 

EU Commission changes

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Henna Virkkunen, the EU Commissioner for Tech Sovereignty, Security and Democracy, told a press conference last week that despite these developments, the Commission is “fully enforcing the regulations – both the DSA and the DMA – there have not been any delays.” 

“Everyone doing business here needs to respect the rules. What we want to achieve is a fair and safe environment,” she added. 

J. Scott Marcus, a researcher at the Brussels based think tank the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), told Euronews that the change of US administration “will create far more political tensions relative to the DSA than it does for the DMA.”

“The Trump administration is likely to complain incessantly about the protections that DSA provides for, against dissemination of lies and disinformation into the EU. The DMA, by contrast, is largely a matter between the firms and the EU, and the US government is not as much involved,” he added. 

On the EU-side, the situation has changed as well: the DMA was spearheaded by Margrethe Vestager, long-time EU competition chief who dealt with many high-profile competition cases, but will now be taken over by Spain’s Teresa Ribera, who has a background as a national energy minister. 

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Antitrust is just part of her portfolio, she is also in charge of climate and industry dossiers. Whether this will mean a change of course, remains to be seen.  

Daniel Friedlaender, Senior Vice-President at tech lobby CCIA, said that the DMA process was “needlessly politicised, moving away from the intended goals and towards decisions by tweet.”

“If a review can help get back to the initial clear objectives, namely to increase contestability and fairness, then a pause for reflection can help,” he added.

Outstanding probes

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The Commission started its first DMA probes last year. On 25 March, the EU executive opened non-compliance investigations into Alphabet – Google’s owner – Apple and Meta. In the meantime, the EU enforcer has sent preliminary findings to Apple and Meta.

Regarding Apple, the investigation found in June that the App Store rules were in breach of the DMA as they prevent app developers from freely steering consumers to alternative channels for offers and content. 

Concerning Meta, the Commission considered in July that its binary decision to force citizens to either pay or give up their data to use the service does not comply with the DMA.

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After receiving the findings, gatekeepers can defend themselves and reply in writing. The Commission has 12 months starting from the opening of the proceedings to adopt a non-compliance decision. In case of an infringement, the gatekeepers risk fines up to 10% of their total worldwide turnover and up to 20% in case of repeated infringements.

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The other investigations launched in March 2024 concern Alphabet’s rules on steering in Google Play, whether Alphabet favours its own services such as Google shopping in search results on its search engine and whether Apple’s measures prevent users from freely choosing browsers outside Apple’s ecosystem.

The Commission has also said that it has started gathering information to clarify whether Amazon may be preferencing its own brand products on the Amazon Store. 

A third non compliance investigation aimed at Apple was also opened in June into the tech giant’s new contractual terms for developers to access alternative app stores and the possibility to offer an app via an alternative distribution channel.

A Commission spokesperson said last week that the technical phase of those investigations were still ongoing, adding “we need to be sure we win those cases in court, we need to be strong enough.”

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Emma Thompson’s ‘Down Cemetery Road’ Renewed for Season 2 at Apple TV

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Emma Thompson’s ‘Down Cemetery Road’ Renewed for Season 2 at Apple TV

“Down Cemetery Road,” the Apple TV thriller series starring Emma Thompson and Ruth Wilson, has been renewed for a second season.

The news comes on the heels of the show’s Season 1 finale, which aired on Wednesday. Season 2 will “reunite Zoë Boehm (Thompson) and Sarah Trafford (Wilson) chasing down another twisted mystery,” according to a provided synopsis. “After a woman falls in front of a train Zoë is called in to investigate, but this seemingly simple case soon upends her life as she and Sarah find themselves navigating the glamorous but ruthless world of black market antiquities. Matters take a deadly turn when they stumble into the path of a brutal serial killer who will stop at nothing to cover up his crimes.”

Thompson also executive produces “Down Cemetery Road” alongside writer Morwenna Banks; Jamie Laurenson, Hakan Kousetta and Tom Nash at 60Forty Films; and Mick Herron, the author of the 2003 novel the show is based on. Börkur Sigþórssen (“Insomnia”) will serve as lead director for the second season.

“I’m so thrilled that ‘Down Cemetery Road’ has been enjoyed enough to warrant a second season,” Thompson said in a statement. “The thought of working with the team again, with wonderful Morwenna Banks in the writer’s seat and the indomitable Ruth Wilson who is the best and most brilliant co-star any aging Dame could desire, is frankly far more than I feel I deserve. Zoë Boehm is a punkishly delicious avatar and I can’t wait to pull on her knock-off Doc Martens again. Thanks to everyone who watched! We are go for the next one and it’s all down to you.”

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Added Jay Hunt, creative director, Europe at Apple TV: “Audiences around the world fell in love with ‘Down Cemetery Road’ and I am glad the unlikely duo of Zoë and Sarah will be back with their unique form of acerbic wit.”

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Israeli official issues stark warning after chilling Syrian military war chants surface

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Israeli official issues stark warning after chilling Syrian military war chants surface

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A group of soldiers of the Syrian army was documented chanting a jihadi declaration of war on Israel during a military parade in Damascus on Tuesday, prompting a minister for the Jewish state to issue a chilling prediction.

Amichai Chikli, Israel’s minister of Diaspora Affairs, posted on X, “War is inevitable.” Chikli embedded a video from Visegrád 24 that showed Syria’s new army marching through Damascus. Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa attended the military parade.

The footage, according to Fox News Digital’s independent verification of the Arabic, showed them chanting “Gaza, Gaza, our rallying cry, Victory and steadfastness, night & day. We rise against you, enemy, we rise. From mountains of fire we make our way. From my blood I forge my ammunition. From your blood, rivers will flow.”

SYRIA’S NEW PRESIDENT TAKES CENTER STAGE AT UNGA AS CONCERNS LINGER OVER TERRORIST PAST  

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Military personnel perform during a military parade, as Syrians mark the first anniversary of Bashar al-Assad’s fall, in Damascus, Syria, Dec. 8, 2025. (Khalil Ashawi/Retuers)

In a statement to Fox News Digital about his posts on X, Chikli said, “The harrowing testimonies coming from our Druze brothers about what is happening in Sweida leave no doubt. A regime that kills like ISIS, rapes like ISIS, and destroys like ISIS everything that is not itself — it is ISIS, even if it wears a suit and plays basketball.”

The Trump administration is pushing for a security deal between Syria and Israel that would stabilize the heartland of the Middle East. Al-Sharaa met with Trump in the White House last month.

Speaking at a Jerusalem Post conference on Wednesday in Washington, D.C., Tom Barrack, who is U.S. ambassador to Turkey and special envoy to Syria, said Damascus is not interested in aggression toward Israel, according to the newspaper.

TRUMP TEASES ‘LOADING UP’ ABRAHAM ACCORDS WITH NEW NATIONS AFTER MIDDLE EAST SHAKEUP

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Syria’s President Ahmed al-Sharaa delivers a speech on the first anniversary of Bashar al-Assad’s fall, in Damascus, Syria Dec. 8, 2025. (Khalil Ashawi/Reuters)

“Syria joining the anti-ISIS coalition was unthinkable not long ago.” Barrack said the U.S. and Syria have eliminated nine Hezbollah cells and several Islamic State cells over the past few weeks. “After Oct. 7, Israel doesn’t trust anyone,” he said at the event, adding “That’s why we’ve offered to serve as a peacekeeping force. Verification replaces trust.”  

Barrack claimed Jerusalem sees Syria as “the softest play” in the complex Mideast security situation. “Syria has no alternative path,” he said. “And neither does Israel, if it wants to avoid perpetual military confrontation on every border.” He said the Abraham Accords, which normalized diplomatic relations between moderate Sunni states United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Morocco and Israel, could be expanded to Syria.

U.S. Ambassador to Turkey and Special Envoy to Syria Tom Barrack, speaks during a press conference after his meeting with Lebanese President Joseph Aoun at the presidential palace, in Baabda, east of Beirut, Lebanon, Monday, Aug. 18, 2025. (AP Photo/Hussein Malla)

The Associated Press reported that al-Sharaa said at a conference over the weekend in Qatar that “There are currently negotiations, and the United States is participating and engaged in those negotiations.”

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The Syrian president wants Israel to withdraw its forces from Syria and recommit to a 1974 truce agreement.

ISRAEL RELEASES BODY-CAM VIDEO OF DEADLY SYRIA RAID TARGETING MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD-AFFILIATED TERRORISTS

Israeli forces secure the area around Beit Jann after detaining two suspects and coming under fire in one of the most serious clashes on the Syrian front this year. (IDF)

Israel says it seized the 400-square-kilometer (155-square-mile) demilitarized buffer zone in southern Syria in a preemptive move to prevent militants from moving into the area after Islamist insurgents toppled Assad.

Israeli troops have regularly carried out operations in villages and towns inside and outside the zone, including raids snatching people it says are suspected militants. At least 13 people were killed in an Israeli operation against suspected terrorists last month.

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When questioned about his record as an al Qaeda member (the U.S. scrapped its $10 million bounty for al-Sharaa’s arrest for terrorism last year) at the Doha Forum in Qatar, the Syrian president said: “What is the definition of terrorism or a terrorist? Saying that I was a terrorist and judging me as a terrorist is politicized… we saw wars in Afghanistan, in Iraq — all of those that were killed were innocent.”

TRUMP TO SIGN ORDER LIFTING SANCTIONS ON SYRIA

He added that “Judging people as terrorists needs to be proven. There’s been 25 years of us hearing this word in the world, but there’s a lot of confusion in understanding the word ‘terrorist.’ Terrorists, in my opinion, are those who kill innocent people — children and women — and who use illegitimate means to harm people.” He noted that he fought “honorably.”

Dan Diker, president of the Jerusalem Center for Security and Foreign Affairs, told Fox News Digital, “The ongoing security situation in Syria is of the utmost complexity. Israel and Syria, under U.S. mediation, are in highly intensive talks to reach a formal security arrangement between the two countries, while the Iranian regime and its proxies are engaging in armed subversion to prevent any possible agreement between the sides. The United States, CIA and military forces are reportedly deeply involved in securing and stabilizing the situation in Syria, which accounts for President Trump’s recent statements to Israel in helping maintain the framework in Syria.”

He added, “It must be emphasized that Iran’s Hezbollah proxy and associated cells and groups are doing everything to torpedo a security arrangement between the al-Sharaa government and the Israeli government. The Iranian regime and associated terror groups tried to assassinate al-Sharaa several times. They are mobilizing terror cells in southern Syria and sending them toward the Israeli border, which is what has triggered ongoing Israeli counterterrorism strikes, just like we saw in Bet Jinn.”

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An Israeli army Merkava main battle tank crosses the barbed-wire fence into the U.N.-patrolled buffer zone separating Israeli and Syrian forces in the Golan Heights near the U.N. Quneitra checkpoint on March 2, 2025. ( Jalaa Marey/AFP via Getty Images)

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Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu recently visited reserve soldiers who were wounded in clashes with Syrian terrorists in Bet Jinn, where he said, “After Oct. 7, we are determined to defend our communities on our borders, including the northern border, and to prevent the entrenchment of terrorists and hostile actions against us, to protect our Druze allies, and to ensure that the State of Israel is safe from ground attack and other attacks from the border areas.”

He added, “What we expect Syria to do, of course, is to establish a demilitarized buffer zone from Damascus to the buffer zone area, including the approaches to Mount Hermon and the summit of Mount Hermon. We hold these territories to ensure the security of the citizens of Israel, and that is what obligates us. In a good spirit and understanding of these principles, it is also possible to reach an agreement with the Syrians, but we will stand by our principles in any case.”

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Israel bombards areas across southern Lebanon in latest truce violation

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Israel bombards areas across southern Lebanon in latest truce violation

Strikes hit hills and valleys as Israeli military keeps up pressure, it says, to force Hezbollah to disarm.

Israeli warplanes have carried out at least a dozen attacks across southern Lebanon, targeting what the military claims are Hezbollah training facilities in the latest flagrant near-daily violations that have further undermined a year-old ceasefire.

The raids hit hills and valleys in the Jezzine and Zahrani areas, including locations near al-Aaichiyeh, between al-Zrariyeh and Ansar, and around Jabal al-Rafie and the outskirts of several towns, according to Lebanon’s state news agency.

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Israel’s military said it struck a compound used by Hezbollah’s elite Radwan Force for weapons training, claiming the facilities were being used to plan attacks against Israeli forces and civilians.

Al Jazeera’s Zeina Khodr, reporting from Beirut described the ceasefire in Lebanon as “a one-sided truce, since Israel has continued near-daily attacks on the country.”

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Khodr said the latest attacks avoided densely populated areas. “The locations were in hills and valleys, not population centres,” she said, noting this marked a repeated pattern.

“In fact, just a few days ago, in the middle of the night, they did the same thing.”

The Israeli military said it also hit what it said were rocket-launching sites and other infrastructure, describing the operations as necessary to counter what it deemed violations of understandings between Israel and Lebanon.

However, the continued bombardment has drawn sharp criticism from the United Nations, which reported in November that at least 127 civilians, including children, have been killed in Lebanon since the ceasefire took effect in late 2024. UN officials have warned the attacks amount to “war crimes”.

Khodr explained that the attacks form part of a sustained military pressure campaign.

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“This is all part of military pressure on Hezbollah to force it to disarm,” she said. Israel wants the group “to give up its strategic weapons, its long-range weapons, its precision-guided missiles, its drones” which the Israeli military believes are stored in the Bekaa Valley and further inland.

But Hezbollah has sharply refused to relinquish its arsenal as long as Israel bombards and occupies parts of Lebanon. The group “doesn’t want to give up its weapons because it would view that as surrender”, Khodr added, noting that “Hezbollah and Lebanon do not have the upper hand. Israel enjoys air superiority.”

Tensions escalated further two weeks ago when Israel bombed Beirut’s southern suburbs, killing Hezbollah’s top military commander, Haytham Ali Tabatabai. The group has yet to respond, but said it will do so at the right time.

The attacks come as Lebanon and Israel recently dispatched civilian envoys to a committee monitoring their ceasefire for the first time in decades, a move aimed at expanding diplomatic engagement.

However, Hezbollah leader Naim Qassem criticised Lebanon’s decision to send former Ambassador Simon Karam to the talks, calling it a “free concession” to Israel.

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Lebanese officials have expressed frustration over Israel’s near-daily attacks.

“It is one of the reasons why Lebanon agreed to sit down for face-to-face talks with the Israelis,” Khodr said, “engaging in diplomatic talks that are seen as very sensitive in Lebanon, in the hopes that it would avoid war.”

President Joseph Aoun said last week that Lebanon “has adopted the option of negotiations with Israel” aimed at stopping the continued attacks, while Prime Minister Nawaf Salam called for a more robust verification mechanism to monitor both Israeli violations and Lebanese army efforts to dismantle Hezbollah infrastructure.

“But the US ambassador to Lebanon, Michel Issa, made it clear a few days ago that even though Lebanon is sitting down in a room with a longtime enemy, it does not mean that the Israeli attacks will stop,” Khodr said.

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