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Chile’s new constitution finalised after turbulent process

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Chile’s new constitution finalised after turbulent process

Santiago, Chile – Gaspar Dominguez briskly walked down the steps of Santiago’s majestic former Congress constructing into the cruel brightness of the winter solar in downtown Santiago. The 33-year-old medic has spent the previous yr within the constructing – now a nationwide monument – writing Chile’s new structure as a part of a 154-strong meeting.

He hugged and congratulated his colleagues who gathered exterior; they’d simply completed drafting the textual content that would change the course of the nation’s historical past and set precedents for equal rights worldwide.

“On high of social rights, housing rights and training rights, the structure innovates on issues of equality,” Dominguez informed Al Jazeera.

He mentions equal participation quotas for girls in public establishments and guaranteeing LGBTQ+ inclusion in political areas.

“It’s not sufficient to only say we’re all equal, now we have to take affirmative motion,” he added.

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On Monday, the meeting will hand over the completed draft textual content to President Gabriel Boric earlier than it’s made out there to the general public. Chileans can have two months to evaluate the doc and resolve its destiny in an compulsory referendum on September 4.

Dominguez, who’s the meeting’s vice chairman, hailed the structure as a democratic victory and is assured with the ultimate consequence: “We’re very enthusiastic about it,” he mentioned.

Requires a brand new structure arose following protests in the course of the Chilean spring of 2019 when hundreds of thousands took to the streets demanding social reform regardless of heavy-handed repression from state forces.

Hundreds have been injured and dozens have been killed, fuelling discontent and exacerbating mistrust of political actors, particularly in direction of the conservative Pinera authorities which held energy on the time.

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‘Chained to Pinochet’

The nation’s present structure was singled out as the foundation explanation for staggering inequality and excessive prices of dwelling as a result of it advocated unregulated privatisation and favoured neoliberal insurance policies.

Protesters deemed the doc illegitimate because it was written in 1980 in the course of the Pinochet dictatorship. In October 2020, an amazing majority of 79 % of Chileans voted to draft a brand new constitution.

“We’ll nonetheless be chained to Pinochet so long as we’re dominated below his structure,” mentioned Erika Gonzalez, voluntarily handing out summarised, illustrated editions of the brand new textual content in downtown Santiago.

Requires a brand new structure arose following protests in the course of the Chilean spring of 2019 [File: Marcelo Hernandez/Getty Images]

Gonzalez was an lively member of the socialist social gathering in the course of the 17-year-long Pinochet dictatorship, which led to 1990. Underneath Pinochet’s navy rule, socialists have been compelled to flee the nation or function underground. Many have been tortured and murdered.

“It’s time to be achieved with Pinochet for as soon as and for all,” she mentioned, with tears in her eyes.

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She believes the brand new structure may also help rework Chile by making certain equal entry to training, particularly. “A rustic that’s educated is crucial for me.”

However not everybody shares her enthusiasm for the textual content. “It’s only a e-book with foolish illustrations,” mentioned one passer-by, aggressively flicking by way of the pages. One other shouted, “Reject it!” One rushed by muttering the phrase, “Lies!”

Conservative response

Chile’s proper wing staunchly opposed the thought of the brand new structure and solely gained a minority of seats within the writing meeting, whose members have been chosen by election in Could 2021.

Conservative constituent Ruggero Cozzi, a 35-year-old lawyer, mentioned he believed the meeting failed in its goal.

“I believed we’d obtain a textual content that may give us unity and social cohesion, however we didn’t,” he informed Al Jazeera. “It’s been a priceless yr, exhausting, however above all, disappointing.”

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Cozzi defended the free market system that the structure is undoing, and believed privatisation is the explanation for Chile’s comparatively robust infrastructure in contrast with different Latin American nations.

“Getting the state to organise the whole lot gained’t consequence within the adjustments which are wanted, and has not ended nicely for different Latin American nations” he warned.

Cozzi is lobbying for Chileans to reject the structure within the September referendum – and polls are tipped in his favour. The newest knowledge from pollster Cadem reveals that 51 % of Chileans would reject it.

Nevertheless, latest election outcomes have been troublesome to foretell. In 2021’s presidential election, far-right candidate Jose Antonio Kast claimed the lead within the primaries, solely to be comfortably overwhelmed by left-wing former scholar chief, Gabriel Boric, within the closing vote.

It was the primary time in Chile’s democratic historical past {that a} candidate who didn’t lead in primaries went on to win the presidency.

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Boric’s victory additional affirmed Chile’s need to interrupt from its conservative previous and embrace drastic social change. Incumbent since March, Boric has been supportive of the constitutional course of and is rallying for the brand new constitution to go.

‘Lot of aggression’

Claudia Heiss, head of political science of the Institute of Public Affairs, Universidad de Chile, equally defends the textual content and high quality of its content material.

“It might have been higher if the left- and the right-wing constituents discovered extra factors to agree on. The tone was not optimum and there was quite a lot of aggression,” she informed Al Jazeera.

”However if you happen to take a step again and take a look at it from the rebellion and the choice to put in writing a brand new structure, it has typically been a very good course of.”

If the brand new textual content is rejected, the present structure will stay in place. Nevertheless, Heiss believed there was no turning again, no matter September’s final result.

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“One might be much less dramatic in regards to the virulence of the general public debate we see immediately. Whether or not accredited or rejected, the Nineteen Eighties structure is not viable,” she affirmed.

“Chile has to advance in a extra social-democratic course, with larger equality, with higher distribution, and that’s inevitable.”

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Climate activists glue themselves to Munich airport runway, pausing traffic

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Climate activists glue themselves to Munich airport runway, pausing traffic

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A group of climate protesters have been arrested in Germany after breaking into an airport and gluing themselves to the runway. 

Six activists broke through security fencing at Munich airport in the German state of Bavaria on Saturday, according to the news outlet dpa.

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Approximately sixty flights were canceled after the half-dozen protesters glued themselves to the tarmac, forcing officials to temporarily close the airport.

CLIMATE ACTIVISTS ARRESTED FOR BLOCKING AIRSTRIP IN MASSACHUSETTS

Climate activists lie on an access road for runways at the Munich airport. German officials and local media say authorities closed down Munich airport temporarily after six climate activists broke through a security fence and glued themselves to access routes leading to runways. ( (Karl-Josef Hildenbrand/dpa via AP))

An additional fourteen flights into Munich were forced to divert to other nearby airports to avoid the disruption. 

Climate protest coalition Last Generation took credit for the stunt, claiming it was intended to draw attention to the German government’s inaction on the airline industry’s environmental impact.

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CLIMATE GROUP TAKES RESPONSIBILITY FOR US OPEN CHAOS, OFFERS WARNING: ‘NO TENNIS ON A DEAD PLANET’

Munich Germany Bavaria Airport Climate Activists Protest Glue Runway

Climate activists stuck to a runway access road at Franz-Josef-Strauß Airport early Saturday morning. Climate protection activists paralyzed Munich Airport after breaking into the inner area of the airport grounds. The activists from the group Last Generation were protesting flying, the most polluting form of transportation, said the German news agency dpa on Saturday.  (Karl-Josef Hildenbrand/picture alliance via Getty Images)

All six protesters were arrested and charged by law enforcement.

 “Trespassing in the aviation security area is no trivial offense. Over hundreds of thousands of passengers were prevented from a relaxed and punctual start to their Pentecost holiday,” German Airports Association General Manager Ralph Beisel told dpa.

Munich Germany Bavaria Airport Climate Activists Protest Glue Runway

Police and firefighters stand on a runway access road at Franz-Josef-Strauß Airport around climate activists who have stuck themselves there. According to their own statements, members of the so-called Last Generation had planned to enter the airport grounds in order to block at least one of the two runways.  (Photo: Karl-Josef Hildenbrand/dpa (Photo by Karl-Josef Hildenbrand/picture alliance via Getty Images))

“Such criminal actions threaten air traffic and harm climate protection because they only cause lack of understanding and anger,” German Interior Minister Nancy Faeser wrote about the protests on social media platform X.

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The Munich incident was just one of many similar protests around the world against air transportation. Last Generation has performed at least two similar airport disruptions in Germany since last year.

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Russian court seizes two European banks’ assets amid Western sanctions

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Russian court seizes two European banks’ assets amid Western sanctions

Freezing hundreds of billions of dollars in lenders’ assets was part of dispute over gas project halted by sanctions.

A Russian court has ordered the seizure of the assets, accounts, property and shares of Deutsche Bank and Commerzbank in the country as part of a lawsuit involving the German banks, court documents showed.

The banks are among the guarantor lenders under a contract for the construction of a gas processing plant in Russia with the German company Linde. The project was terminated due to Western sanctions.

European banks have largely exited Russia after Moscow launched its offensive on Ukraine in 2022.

A court in St Petersburg ruled in favour of seizing 239 million euros ($260m) from Deutsche Bank, documents dated May 16 showed.

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Deutsche Bank in Frankfurt said it had already provisioned about 260 million euros ($283m) for the case.

“We will need to see how this claim is implemented by the Russian courts and assess the immediate operational impact in Russia,” the bank added in a statement.

The court also seized the assets of Commerzbank, another German financial institution, worth 93.7 million euros ($101.85m) as well as securities and the bank’s building in central Moscow.

The bank is yet to comment on the case.

In a parallel lawsuit on Friday, the Russian court also ordered UniCredit’s assets, accounts and property, as well as shares in two subsidiaries, to be seized. The ruling covered 462.7 million euros ($503m) in assets.

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UniCredit said it “has been made aware” of the decision and was “reviewing” the situation in detail. The bank was one of the most exposed European banks when Moscow launched its invasion of Ukraine, with a large local subsidiary operating in Russia.

It began preliminary discussions on a sale last year, but the talks have not advanced. Chief executive Andrea Orcel said UniCredit wants to leave Russia, but added that gifting an operation worth three billion euros ($3.3bn) was not a good way to respect the spirit of Western sanctions on Moscow over the conflict.

Russia has faced heavy Western sanctions, including on its banking sector, since the start of the war in Ukraine. Dozens of US and European companies have also stopped doing business in the country.

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Ukraine's divisive mobilization law comes into force as a new Russian push strains front-line troops

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Ukraine's divisive mobilization law comes into force as a new Russian push strains front-line troops

KYIV, Ukraine (AP) — A divisive mobilization law in Ukraine came into force on Saturday, as Kyiv struggles to boost troop numbers after Russia launched a new offensive that some fear could close in on Ukraine’s second-largest city.

The legislation, which was watered down from its original draft, will make it easier to identify every conscript in the country. It also provides incentives to soldiers, such as cash bonuses or money toward buying a house or car, that some analysts say Ukraine cannot afford.

Lawmakers dragged their feet for months and only passed the law in mid-April, a week after Ukraine lowered the age for men who can be drafted from 27 to 25. The measures reflect the growing strain that more than two years of war with Russia has had on Ukraine’s forces, who are trying to hold the front lines in fighting that has sapped the country’s ranks and stores of weapons and ammunition.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy also signed two other laws Friday, allowing prisoners to join the army and increasing fines for draft dodgers fivefold. Russia enlisted its prisoners early on in the war, and personnel shortages compelled Ukraine to adopt the new measures.

Russian troops, meanwhile, are pushing ahead with a ground offensive that opened a new front in northeastern Ukraine’s Kharkiv region and put further pressure on Kyiv’s overstretched military. After weeks of probing, Moscow launched the new push knowing that Ukraine suffered personnel shortages, and that its forces have been spread thin in the northeast.

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Russian President Vladimir Putin said on Friday during a visit to China that the Russian push aims to create “a buffer zone” rather than capturing Kharkiv, the local capital and Ukraine’s second-largest city.

Still, Moscow’s forces have pummeled Kharkiv with strikes in recent weeks, hitting civilian and energy infrastructure and prompting angry accusations from Zelenskyy that the Russian leadership sought to reduce the city to rubble. On Friday, Mayor Ihor Terekhov said that Russian guided bombs killed at least three residents and injured 28 others that day.

Moscow denies deliberately targeting civilians, but thousands have died or suffered injuries in the more than 27 months of fighting.

The U.S. last week announced a new $400 million package of military aid for Ukraine, and President Joe Biden has promised that he would rush badly needed weaponry to the country to help it stave off Russian advances. Still, only small batches of U.S. military aid have started to trickle into the front line, according to Ukrainian military commanders, who said it will take at least two months before supplies meet Kyiv’s needs to hold the line.

Thousands of Ukrainians have fled the country to avoid the draft since Russia’s all-out invasion in February 2022, some risking their lives as they tried to swim across a river separating Ukraine from neighboring Romania and Hungary.

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Late on Friday, Ukraine’s border service said that at least 30 people have died trying to cross the Tisza River since the full scale-invasion.

Romanian border guards days earlier retrieved the near-naked, disfigured body of a man that appeared to have been floating in the Tisza for days, and is the 30th known casualty, the Ukrainian agency said in an online statement. It said the man has not yet been identified.

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Follow AP’s coverage at https://apnews.com/hub/russia-ukraine

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