Montana
Understanding the Pesticide Problem in Montana’s Waterways – Flathead Beacon
Are pesticides a problem in Montana’s waters? How many of these chemicals, which include insecticides, herbicides, fungicides and more, commonly used on lawns and farms alike, have made their way into our waterways? How can we still control pests and keep our waters clean for future generations? The Pesticide Stewardship Partnership Program (PSPP) is an ambitious initiative led by assistant research professor Dr. Rachel Malison at University of Montana, Flathead Lake Biological Station (FLBS) and is funded by a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency grant. The PSPP is working to answer these questions in western Montana — the headwaters of the Columbia River Basin. To chart a course for sustainable pest management in Montana’s future, Malison said, the program aims to build a network of partners, collect data to detect if pesticides are in Montana waterways, and to provide education on sustainable pesticide practices and alternatives, and more.
This story starts in the field. Big Sky Watershed Corps member Chloe Czachor, who is serving her term at FLBS with PSPP, carefully pulls her weathered FLBS expedition off a gravel road near Ronan, Montana. The nearby irrigation ditch will be her fifth sampling stop of the day, another step in her largely solitary journey to collect samples from western Montana waterways that will be used to test for the presence of pesticides. In its first year of sampling, the PSPP is aiming to collect around 650 samples from rivers, streams and other waters in Montana’s portion of the Columbia River Basin. Most of these waterways have never been sampled for pesticides before, Czachor said, and whether they are contaminated with pesticides is unknown.
Czachor unloads her gear from the back of the vehicle, including an instrument that measures water characteristics like temperature and pH, a large glass bottle and water-resistant notebooks, and carries the gear over to the ditch which eventually flows back into the river. The instrument’s probe goes in the water to start measuring while Czachor wades into the stream and fills the bottle with water. After writing in the site name and location, Czachor enters the instrument’s readings into the notebook before pulling it out of the water. Then, she hauls her gear back to the vehicle, finds the next stop on Google Maps and starts driving again.
Later, at the PSPP team’s base at the FLBS, Czachor unloads the coolers filled with water sample bottles from her latest sampling run. These samples will join hundreds of others that the PSPP has gathered so far from across western Montana. Samples are delivered once a week to the Montana Department of Agriculture Analytical Laboratory in Bozeman, which analyzes each sample for 103 pesticide compounds. This is only a fraction of the number of different pesticides used in Montana, Czachor said, but detecting the presence of these chemicals can also indicate that other chemicals might also be present.
Czachor’s sample collecting work started in April. As the team’s main sample collector, she said that she has driven all over western Montana while sampling. Staff from FLBS and other volunteers are able to help Chloe sample part of the time, but she is leading the effort.
The travel takes a physical toll, Czachor said. “It’s long hours and I definitely need to be doing more yoga after how wrecked my body feels after being that long in the car. … These cars are so old, there’s no sort of lumbar support in the seats.” However, she said that she doesn’t mind when she is alone for so long on sampling runs. “I’m an introvert at heart,” she said. “I have my music and I have my podcasts and my audiobooks.” Sometimes, Czachor said that she calls friends while on long sampling drives. On the longest days, she said she focuses on the value of the experience for her career in conservation and on the unique opportunity of helping build a large-scale pesticide monitoring program where none existed before. “I’ve seen some pretty incredible places through this work, places that I would have never known existed. As someone new to Montana, I can’t think of a better way to see so much of the state. And to be seeing these beautiful places and know that I’m helping to protect them in some way is very rewarding,” Czachor said.
Czachor’s travels are guided by Research Coordinator Janelle Groff and Research Scientist Diane Whited. Together, they developed the maps of pesticide sampling sites the program uses and create the routes that Czachor and others travel each week on sampling trips. Whited used a variety of geospatial data to create maps of how likely waterways are to be contaminated with pesticides, based on different land uses and their proximity to surface water. Using these risk maps, the team then randomly created a roster of potential sampling locations on waterways with varying risks of pesticide contamination and near a range of land uses, from agriculture to residential areas to National Forests.
The sampling effort is divided into different types of sites, Groff said. Even though the program will collect many samples, the large area and variety of land uses the program aims to monitor mean that a limited number of samples can be collected at each site. However, pesticide concentrations can change over time as different pests emerge on nearby lawns and farms, stream flows rise and fall, and other seasonal changes shifts occur. PSPP monitors a broad area while also tracking changes in pesticide concentrations over time by dividing monitoring into three types of sites, Groff said. At a small set of focal sites, samples are collected every two weeks or once a month to detect potential changes over time. The larger set of baseline sites are only visited once or twice a year but span a much broader area. Focal and baseline sites are located on waterways at high risk of pesticide contamination. Together, these sites allow the program to monitor a large geographic area and understand changes over time, Groff said. In addition to testing focal and baseline sites, she said the program also tests reference sites, which are located in areas with low chances of pesticide contamination, like stream locations in National Forest or near remote headwaters. The results from these samples, which should show very low levels of pesticides, help substantiate that the testing regimen is accurate and provide data on baseline pesticide levels in the environment, Groff said.
Using this roster of potential sampling sites, Groff builds routes for Czachor to follow on her weekly trips. She said that building these routes involves Google Maps and “a lot of zooming” since she must ensure that Czachor can safely park her vehicle near each site and can physically reach the water. Groff also provides a list of alternative sites for each of Czachor’s trips, in case a site is inaccessible or the stream or ditch is dry when she reaches it.
The sampling effort just launched in the spring of 2025, Groff said, and extensive data will likely not be available for some time. In the future though, she said that this data will help Montana residents understand and address pesticide contamination in their waters by identifying where it is occurring and what pesticides are involved. The fate and transport of pesticides from land to water is very complex because there are so many pesticides and they have different characteristics, which means that some reach water more easily than others. The data collected will help individuals understand the water conditions around them and guide larger scale collective efforts to reduce the amounts of pesticides in the water, Groff said. She also said that knowing where pesticides are common in the water will help guide education about pesticide use, another key part of PSPP’s mission.

On a rainy and cold day on Flathead Lake, Rachel Malison stands by the rail of the boat and speaks to the small crowd about the PSPP program and the importance of using good stewardship practices to control pests. Malison is speaking at the annual FLBS Research Cruise, where people from neighboring communities can learn about research at the station and see demonstrations while cruising Flathead Lake on the chartered boat. Malison explains to the group that the available tools for controlling pests are like a Swiss Army knife, and that people tend to pull out the pesticides first to tackle a pest problem, like they pull out the knife first even though another tool might be just as or more effective. She says that sustainable pest management requires using all the tools available in a careful and judicious manner, including proper use of pesticides, to keep pests controlled and waters clean.
Opportunities like this are part of the PSPP’s broader educational project, Malison said. PSPP uses both direct outreach, like speaking at the Research Cruise or giving presentations to homeowner’s associations, and indirect outreach through partners like the Montana Watershed Coordination Council to spread information about proper pesticide use and best stewardship practices, she said. The education work also covers important water science concepts, like the idea that water moves pollutants, including how large rain events or excessive lawn watering can move chemicals on the land into the groundwater or nearby streams. “For a lot of the outreach and education, we’ve been realizing that we need to start by sharing more about how water moves and how our actions influence what is carried with that water when it’s moving” she said. This education is “trying to help people know that there are more options to pest management and that their actions can make a difference,” Malison said.
“That part of the program is going to grow and continue to get bigger as the program progresses,” Malison said, with PSPP being only in its second year. She said that the program is developing more outreach materials and going to more events, like the Northwestern Agricultural Research Center Field Day or the Bigfork Monday Market. The pesticide sampling work will help guide this outreach, she said, letting the team identify areas with particularly high levels of pesticides and target outreach to the have the maximum impact. “If we find pesticides in waters near different land uses, we can share that information with people and also provide ideas on how land uses could be modified to help protect our waters,” Malison said.
These outreach efforts have already had impacts, said Malison, such as one homeowner’s association that it now considering a buffer strip between its lawns and nearby ponds to reduce the movement of pesticides into the water after hearing a talk from her. Although reaching everyone or making large changes to pesticides use may be difficult, Malison said that even small changes, like spraying lawns twice a year instead of four times, can reduce the amount of chemicals that enter the water.
For Malison, this work has personal meaning. “We live here, I have children, I want their children to have healthy rivers and functioning ecosystems too. We produce chemicals and we use them, it’s not just going away, so we need to make the best decisions we can to protect our waters.”
Josh Pike is a Missoula-based environmental journalist with a focus on water issues. He works as a journalism intern for the Flathead Lake Biological Station.
Montana
Montana man starts free ride service to keep drunk drivers off the roads
KALISPELL — A Flathead County man is turning a personal rock bottom into a lifeline for his community by starting a free, late-night ride service to keep drunk drivers off the roads.
Adam Bruzza started Big Sky Sobriety Shuttle LLC, a free ride share service for people who have been drinking, after realizing he was struggling with addiction.
Maddie Keifer reports – watch the video here:
MT man starts free, late-night ride service to keep drunk drivers off the roads
“I just wanted to give people who do still drink the option for a safe, sober ride home,” Bruzza said.
Bruzza said a devastating mistake behind the wheel became a turning point where he decided enough was enough.
“I was charged with a DUI October 22 of 2024,” Bruzza said.
After a few months focused on his sobriety, Bruzza channeled his energy into his community by starting the shuttle service.
He operates the shuttle in his personal pickup truck. Riders can reach him by phone, text or social media at any time of day or night at no cost.
“I just wanted to give others the opportunity to not get a life changing charge,” Bruzza said.
Bruzza works with bars to connect riders with his service. Although the Big Sky Sobriety Shuttle is a new endeavor, he has already seen a big impact.
“The community response without a doubt has been unconditional love and support that makes my heart all warm and fuzzy,” Bruzza said.
Bruzza also shared a message for others who may be struggling with addiction.
“Your life is worth it, there are people that care out there and it is okay to ask for help,” Bruzza said.
To learn more, click here to visit the Facebook page.
Montana
Montana Lottery Big Sky Bonus results for April 19, 2026
The Montana Lottery offers multiple draw games for those aiming to win big.
Here’s a look at April 19, 2026, results for each game:
Winning Big Sky Bonus numbers from April 19 drawing
05-13-15-17, Bonus: 01
Check Big Sky Bonus payouts and previous drawings here.
Feeling lucky? Explore the latest lottery news & results
When are the Montana Lottery drawings held?
- Powerball: 8:59 p.m. MT on Monday, Wednesday, and Saturday.
- Mega Millions: 9 p.m. MT on Tuesday and Friday.
- Lucky For Life: 8:38 p.m. MT daily.
- Lotto America: 9 p.m. MT on Monday, Wednesday and Saturday.
- Big Sky Bonus: 7:30 p.m. MT daily.
- Powerball Double Play: 8:59 p.m. MT on Monday, Wednesday, and Saturday.
- Montana Cash: 8 p.m. MT on Wednesday and Saturday.
- Millionaire for Life: 9:15 p.m. MT daily.
Missed a draw? Peek at the past week’s winning numbers.
This results page was generated automatically using information from TinBu and a template written and reviewed by a Great Falls Tribune editor. You can send feedback using this form.
Montana
Rural Highway Stalker In White Pickup With Dark Windows Terrifying Montana Women
The Ole’ Mercantile is a busy place by Grass Range, Montana, standards.
The community of roughly 125 people sits along a long, lonely network of two-lane highways connecting Billings with points north along Montana’s Hi-Line.
For drivers pushing toward Lewistown, Malta or Glasgow, the store’s lights are often the first sign of anything for miles.
Of late, they may also offer a chance of identifying the person driving a truck local women say is stalking these roads.
Owner Krista Manley told Cowboy State Daily her store is outfitted with a top-of-the-line camera system that offers a 360-degree view with no blind spots. Four overlapping cameras capture her property, the Wrangler Bar and the full stretch of Highway 87 frontage running through town.
Fergus County investigators now hope that footage — and Manley’s willingness to comb through hours of it — can help identify the driver of a newer white Ford four-door pickup with dark tinted windows, no front license plate and a chrome grill guard.
The truck is at the center of the most recent reported highway stalking incident.
Lizette Lamb, a 48-year-old traveling health care worker, says she was nearly run off the road the evening of April 10.
Now a growing chorus of similar accounts from women across north-central Montana are popping up on social media.
At The Ole Merc
Travis Lamb, Lizette’s husband, took to Facebook to post about what happened to his wife on one of the loneliest stretches of highway in Montana.
Travis told Cowboy State Daily Lizette pulled into the Ole’ Merc Conoco in Grass Range between 7 and 8 p.m. to grab a drink. She later remembered a pickup was backed in alongside the cafe: a newer white Ford four-door.
“Kind of gave her the heebie-jeebies,” he said. “My wife has worked in a prison and stuff like that, so she’s used to kind of going with her gut.”
She bought a drink, got back in her Ford Bronco Sport and headed north on Highway 19 toward Glasgow.
About a mile and a half down the road, she realized the white pickup was behind her. Through the dark tint, she could make out the silhouettes of two men.
She slowed down and edged toward the shoulder to let them pass. They slowed with her. She sped up. They sped up.
By the time she reached Bohemian Corner 23 miles up the road, Travis Lamb said, his wife knew something was wrong.
There were no other vehicles in the lot, so she didn’t bother pulling in. She tried to call Travis. No service.
She tried 911. The phone beeped, displayed a red message and disconnected.
Truck Gets Aggressive
The white truck continued to shadow Lizette along Highway 191. About two miles from where the road crosses the Missouri River, coming into a construction zone, the pickup got aggressive.
Travis said the truck rode so close to the Bronco’s bumper that his wife could no longer see its windshield, only the grille.
Then it pulled out as if to pass and swerved into her, he said, in what he described as an attempted PIT maneuver — the law-enforcement technique of clipping a fleeing vehicle’s rear quarter to spin it out.
PIT stands for Precision Immobilization Technique, and this tactic is used to stop a fleeing vehicle by forcing it to turn sideways, causing the driver to lose control and stop.
“She was fortunate, kind of timed it to when they went to turn into her and hit her, she sped up,” Travis Lamb said. “And they missed.”
That’s when Lizette Lamb pulled her Springfield XDM 9mm pistol out of the center console. She didn’t point it, but she made sure they could see it.
The white pickup hit its brakes, threw a U-turn in a spray of dust and gravel, and headed back toward Grass Range.
The Video
“I thank God that it did happen to her and not somebody else, because I know my wife is more than capable of defending herself,” said Travis Lamb, an Iraq War combat veteran, who eventually reached out to Manley at the Ole Merc.
Then, when Manley reviewed the surveillance video from the Merc’s camera system, she found no sign of a white Ford truck.
“We have not found evidence of them at our store or at the three businesses that come along the highway right there,” Manley said. “That doesn’t mean it didn’t happen.
“My default is to absolutely believe women, and she (Lizette) was, she was rattled.”
Manley holds a Ph.D. in cognitive psychology and ran the research team at Procore Technologies before going into business for herself.
When reviewing the video, Manley logged the times Lizette arrived and left, and then watched the highway for an hour after.
“We’re absolutely not arguing the authenticity of the report in any way, shape or form,” said Manley. “In my previous life before I had the store, I actually was a memory and cognition researcher. I understand how stress impacts memory.”
The Echoes
Travis Lamb’s Facebook post went off like a flare.
He tallied 36 accounts of similar experiences in roughly the same swath of country stretching across prairie and badlands in one of the least populated parts of Montana.
The pattern in many of the comments was consistent enough to be unsettling: a white pickup, often a Ford, sometimes with out-of-state plates, tailgating women on isolated stretches of two-lane after dark.
One commenter described being followed by a white truck north of Grass Range three years ago around 10 p.m., tailgated with brights on at more than 80 mph until the truck peeled off in a different direction.
Another described a white Ford pickup near Harlowton trying to force her to stop, then waiting for her at a gas station. Another recalled a white pickup with North Dakota plates in the same area.
In Wyoming, one poster described two men in a white truck with Washington plates on Highway 120 between Cody and Meeteetse who tailgated her, tried to push her off the road, then cut in front and slammed on the brakes.
Other women described different vehicles — a dark Escalade, a small white car, a black double-cab — but the same script: tailgating, refusing to pass, brake-checking, dead zones with no cell service.
Easter Night
One name in that Facebook thread was Joni Hartford of Lewistown, who told Cowboy State Daily she had her own near-identical encounter on Easter evening just days before Lizette Lamb’s.
Hartford, who works in insurance, had dropped off some belongings to her son, a football player at Rocky Mountain College in Billings.
She stopped at a gas station on her way out of town “for a pop,” climbed back into her red 2014 Ford F-150 and headed north on Highway 87 around 7:30 or 8 p.m.
“I noticed it right after I left Billings,” Hartford said of the pickup behind her. “It was right behind me and I kept thinking, ‘God, this vehicle is super close.’”
About 15 miles out of town, past the racetracks, she pulled toward the white line and slowed to 60 mph on a long straightaway, hoping the truck would go around. It wouldn’t.
“He was so close behind me, I couldn’t see his taillights, but I could see his marker lamps on his mirrors, his tow mirrors,” Hartford said. “So I knew it was a Ford pickup, and I knew it was like a three-quarter or a 1-ton. It was a big pickup.”
She couldn’t make out the color in the dark. She called her husband.
“I said, ‘This pickup is tailgating me,’ and said, ‘It’s really kind of making me nervous, because if I had to stop for a deer, it would run me over. It would run me off the road,’” Hartford said.
“And he goes, ‘Well, just stop.’ And I said, ‘I am not stopping. I’m in the middle of freaking nowhere,’” she added.
She made it through Roundup with the truck still on her bumper.
North of town, climbing toward Grass Range, Hartford caught a lucky break with an Amish buggy sluggishly clapping up a blind hill and slowing traffic.
“I darted around the Amish buggy, right before the blind hill, and he couldn’t get around them, and I just gunned it, and I was going probably 90 mph just to put space between us,” Hartford said. “I never seen him again.”
Hartford carries a .380 pistol. She had it out and on the seat. She didn’t show it — between the dark and her tinted windows, she wasn’t sure the driver behind her would have seen it anyway.
When Lamb’s post crossed her Facebook feed, Hartford said the parallels stopped her cold.
“It’s the same exact situation,” she said. “I can’t say for certain it was the same person, but it sure seems like it was the same person.”
Hartford said she believes the driver is hunting for circumstance: single women, after dark, on a corridor he knows is desolate and short on cell coverage.
“They’re targeting them at gas stations,” she said. “That’s the only place they could have found me, because it’s the only place I’ve stopped.”
The Candidate
Penny Ronning, cofounder and president of the Yellowstone Human Trafficking Task Force, had a similar drive in 2022.
She remembers it as the only time in nearly a year of solo campaign travel across 41 Montana counties that she felt afraid.
Ronning, then a Democratic candidate for U.S. Congress, was driving from Billings to Havre for a campaign event.
Instead of taking the interstate, she chose the back roads — north out of Winifred on Highway 236, a route that runs about 30 miles of gravel through some of the most remote country in the state before dropping into the Missouri River Breaks, which Ronning compared to a Montana version of the Grand Canyon.
As she entered the gravel, a four-door white pickup with blacked-out windows pulled in behind her.
“That was what made it frightening,” Ronning said. “It was that I was followed.”
Ronning, who has spent years working on human trafficking policy and prevention, was careful to push back on the framing that has circulated on Facebook around the Lamb case — that the white-pickup encounters are likely abduction attempts tied to trafficking networks.
“Human trafficking is the use of force, fraud or coercion to compel a person into commercial sex acts or labor against their will,” Ronning said. “Just because someone is being followed, that doesn’t rise to the level of human trafficking.”
The most prevalent form of human trafficking in the United States, she said, is familial trafficking, one family member trafficking another.
In Montana, she said, labor trafficking is also common in construction, nail salons, illicit massage businesses, hospitality and domestic servitude in pockets of high-end real estate.
Sex trafficking almost always begins with someone the victim knows.
The Watch
Back in Grass Range, every white pickup that rolls past the four-corner blinking light is now turning heads.
Manley said her store has worked closely with the Fergus County Sheriff’s Office on past incidents, and her cameras are essentially a standing resource for investigators.
She also said the response on social media has dismayed her, commenters questioning whether these highway stalking incidents happened at all, or suggesting Grass Range itself isn’t safe.
She believes her store, and others like it in remote pockets of Montana, are informal refuges.
“We’ve all been there, whether it’s in a snowstorm or where we’re just uncomfortable driving like this where we’re just like, ‘Oh my gosh,’ you see the big lights and you’re like, there’s a beacon of safety, essentially,” Manley said.
She said that her eyes are open to potential threats along the isolated highways connecting Grass Range to the rest of the world.
“We know that it is a highway that has a reputation for, you know, trafficking, drug moving, all of those different things, and that’s why we are as diligent as we are,” said Manley. “We really care about the safety of our community, our employees, and our customers.”
Manley remains in contact with the Lambs.
“She told me, ‘I’m not going to quit looking,’” said Travis, explaining how Manley is arranging for the Lambs to review the footage themselves.
Travis figures that perhaps, “Instead of a white Ford, maybe it’s a tan Dodge.”
He added, “I’m hoping somebody’s like, ‘I know that pickup.’ That’s what I’m praying for.”
So is Lizette, who told Cowboy State Daily, she’s thankful for the response to her story. She’s also thankful she was traveling with her sidearm.
“Unfortunately, that’s the world we live in now. You know, Montana, in the middle of nowhere,” said Lizette, who encouraged anyone else with similar encounters to come forward.
“This is just a reminder that it is happening,” she said. “It is real.”
David Madison can be reached at david@cowboystatedaily.com.
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