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CRYJ — A model for youth restorative justice in Montana

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CRYJ  — A model for youth restorative justice in Montana



About 200 teens from around the valley walk through the door at the Center for Youth Restorative Justice each year to reconcile offenses that affected their communities.

Spending one to three months working on accountability, roughly 95% of participants will walk out that door having completed “restorative agreements,” entered into by the teens and their families, according to CRYJ Executive Director Catherine Gunderson.

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While moving to 110 East Idaho Street a few years ago increased the nonprofit’s visibility in Kalispell, Gunderson hopes it also translates to people learning more about restorative justice and what it offers teens in their community. The nonprofit was honored last year by the Montana Board of Crime Control. 

Restorative justice seeks to reduce the number of teens entering the justice system or time spent in school suspensions. Through a restorative justice program, teens work on acknowledging and taking responsibility for their actions; identifying factors contributing/leading to an offense; when possible, making amends with victims and engaging in personal growth and development.

The Kalispell-based nonprofit serves teens referred to the program by probation officers, school resource officers, or school administrators. Most teens in trouble with the law do not go to court. What types of offenses or issues teens get referred to CRYJ for is a mix. As a teen, many incidents arise out of impulsive decisions. In addition to youth court referrals tied to illegal activities, CRYJ addresses a wider range of harmful behaviors affecting today’s youth such as vaping and bullying.

“It’s basically a way for youth to have an alternative accountability process. It is youth court diversion, meaning it’s intended to be a way for youth, first-time offenders or otherwise, to not have a permanent record and have a chance to learn from an experience before going sort of deeper into this system,” Gunderson said.

“It’s sort of like we’re at a place when youth are sort of just dipping their toe in there, or starting to get into trouble for things and that’s sort of the trajectory [with no intervention],” she said.

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Teens who decide to participate in the program may not see charges filed, school suspension time reduced and won’t have to engage further with probation or court. There is no fee for youths to participate in the optional program.

Gunderson attributes the 95% completion rate to the individualized plans CRYJ creates for each participant. 

The process starts with a family conference where staff gets to know a teen to build a plan.

“What are the supports that they need? What is the self-reflection that they need on choices that they have made? What resources might they need to be connected to, to feel more a part of the community whether that’s the school community or Kalispell? Managing family dynamics, navigating friend groups, stressors, mental health — all of these things have such an impact on our behavior,” Gunderson said.

THE QUONSET hut on Idaho Street serving as home for CRYJ opens to a large, brightly-lit room divided by various seating arrangements conducive to working with small groups, and a kitchen, giving it a homey feel. Throughout the building are photos of past participants, some of whom still live and work in the community today.

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The goal was to create a comfortable space for teens to talk about difficult topics and share personal experiences in facilitated discussions, which they may not be used to doing. It is not therapy, however, Gunderson said, but rather an opportunity for self-reflection and introspection in a supportive environment. Group discussions and activities are also an opportunity to practice respectful, active listening and communication.

A slate of upcoming peer workshops is posted for teens to join. Topics focus on what’s relevant to teens or what participants want to learn more about such as substance use, mental health (what is depression; what is anxiety), safe dating, navigating healthy friendships, school culture, what are impulsive decisions, what is anger management, conflict resolution and life skills such as cooking.

A multipurpose area in the back of the building contains an array of art supplies, yoga mats, fidget toys, a spinning wheel of questions and a wooden block tower with questions written on each block. Art created by the teens hangs on the walls.

“We love questions,” Gunderson said, smiling. “It’s an icebreaker or a teen can grab one, read the questions, reflect on it.”

There will be personal conversations where staff members may be the first people a teen might open up to about issues such as anxiety or drug use, for example. Staff will facilitate the discussion to get participants to think more deeply about their habits, however, CRYJ is not a residential or drug treatment or therapy program. Staff will ensure teens receive the services they need. Rather than just handing a teen a business card or a phone number they may never call, staff will make the call to ensure an appointment is scheduled with the appropriate provider. 

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“I think people forget it’s a kid,” Gunderson said. 

The program’s ultimate goal is for teens to make amends with victims deeply impacted by an incident. Sometimes facing a victim is the scariest part of the program, according to Gunderson. She shared an anecdote about a teen who shoplifted and didn’t get caught, but the teen’s parents insisted on going to the store to return the item and apologize and the teen asked if they could go to the police instead.

“That’s what restorative justice is. It’s not just that a law was broken. It’s that there was a relationship involved, trust involved,” Gunderson said. “It can be way harder to face that than have a paper ticket and a fine,” she said.

Yet, the experience can have an impact. 

“… It can be the most profound experience for everyone involved to understand where each other is coming from, and for a teen to realize an impulsive decision has consequences, or has an impact that I didn’t even think of. Understanding that is, has a huge impact on whether or not they do it in the future,” Gunderson said.

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When making amends is not possible, teens may participate in a Community Impact Circle, which is a structured conversation between CRYJ families — to discuss harm, personal and family impact, resiliency and building community relationships. 

“So there’s still that sense of like hearing from other youth and adults about incidents and how they’re processing it and impact and moving forward and the same types of reflections,” she said.

COMMUNITY BUILDING is also an integral piece of CRYJ programming. A sense of belonging to the community beyond family or school is often not in the immediate purview of teens. To help teens understand they are community members, CRYJ partners with volunteers and businesses to participate in events like cleaning up graffiti, for example, or projects such as assembling grief care packages for families affected by the deaths of teens in a car crash.

“It gives youth a sense of purpose and belonging,” she said.

This year, CRYJ established a three-month paid internship for teens who went through the program.

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“They are really set up well to mentor and help with creating workshop content they feel is important, or do a special project, or be in our group settings and … bring that perspective and maturity,” she said.

When teens walk out of CRYJ they receive a “completion bag” filled with journals, resource books and goodies, but the hope from staff is that they leave with a renewed sense of purpose, motivation, self-awareness and empathy.

“Let’s help you take responsibility for what happened and then let’s help you think about who you want to be as you walk out the door,” she said.

CRYJ IS Montana’s only youth-based restorative justice organization and is being looked at as a model to replicate in other communities, according to the Montana Board of Crime Control.

Last year, CRYJ received the Montana Board of Crime Control’s Innovative Community Improvement Award. CRYJ received the award based on its strong collaboration with schools, juvenile probation, school resource officers, and the courts to provide alternatives to suspension, expulsion, and referrals to the juvenile justice system, said Rachel Gemar, a juvenile justice specialist and grant coordinator with the Montana Board of Crime Control.

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“CRYJ has been so successful because of the many years of consistent program development, community education, and cross-system collaboration led by Catherine Gunderson and her team. MBCC supports the replication of CRYJ’s program model, but we also recognize that it will take time for local jurisdictions to build sustainable programs,” Gemar said.

CRY J’s success has helped fuel a growing interest in restorative practices across the state and was a program model for the crime control board’s Delinquency Prevention Program Grant, notes Gemar. 

“The grant was designed to divert at-risk and justice-involved youth using a combination of restorative practices, mentoring, and coordination of care,” she said. 

For more information visit https://restorativeyouthjustice.org.

Reporter Hilary Matheson may be reached at 758-4431 or hmatheson@dailyinterlake.com.

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    Jenga blocks with handwritten questions on them to help facilitate discussions at the Center for Restorative Youth Justice in Kalispell on Wednesday, April 3. (Casey Kreider/Daily Inter Lake)
 Casey Kreider 
 
 
    A staff member asks a teen to reflect on the impact of the incident that brought them to Center for Restorative Youth Justice, ways to repair any harm caused and how to move forward in a positive way. (Photo provided by CRYJ)
 
 
    An area for meetings and conversation at the Center for Restorative Youth Justice in Kalispell on Wednesday, April 3. (Casey Kreider/Daily Inter Lake)
 Casey Kreider 
 
 
    CRYJ teens work alongside community volunteers to clean up graffiti in a pedestrian tunnel in Kalispell. (Photo provided by CRYJ)
 
    A small portion of the artwork on display at the Center for Restorative Youth Justice in Kalispell on Wednesday, April 3. (Casey Kreider/Daily Inter Lake)
 Casey Kreider 
 
 



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Montana smokejumper Sam Forstag aims to flip House seat blue

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Montana smokejumper Sam Forstag aims to flip House seat blue


Montana hasn’t elected a Democrat to the House since the late 1990s. Smokejumper Sam Forstag, who jumps out of planes into the remote wilderness to put out wildfires, is trying to change that. Forstag joins “The Takeout” to lay out his progressive campaign in the deep-red state.



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Amazing America: Smokejumpers share how job evolved through the years

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Amazing America: Smokejumpers share how job evolved through the years


In this week’s Amazing America, NBC Montana is highlighting smokejumpers and their efforts to keep our communities safe during wildfire season.

NBC Montana caught up with a current and a former smokejumper to learn more about the work they do and how the job has changed throughout the years.

Jim Kitchen was a smokejumper for 20 seasons, fought over 100 fires and raised his three daughters on a smokejumper base, where he served as base commander.

Kitchen says he’ll never forget his first jump, when he started training in Fairbanks, Alaska, in 1987.

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“I went, ‘That was amazing,’ and he goes, ‘Yeah,’ and I go, ‘Have you ever done anything as amazing in your life? I mean, we just made our first jump,” said Kitchen.

Kitchen told NBC Montana when he laughed his crew had to do 50 pushups.

Kitchen saw several changes during his career, including women entering a historically male-dominated field. He told NBC Montana Deanne Shulman, the first woman smokejumper, paved the way for the industry.

He recalled a time when he was on a trip to Washington, D.C. , in the early ’90s to coordinate emergency response, when a U.S. Department of State official asked him a question.

“He goes, ‘I didn’t realize men were smokejumpers.’ And I had to go, ‘Peter, I’ll have you know, there’s quite a few of us, and actually, it’s the women that are rare,’” said Kitchen “The early ladies in smokejumping, they always met and exceeded the bar, and they were instrumental in doing these winter details.”

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Another change he oversaw as base commander, was moving from round parachutes used in World War II, to the ones used today.

“Ram-Air parachutes that inflate make the shape of the wing and they actually have about a 20 mph forward speed. And so you can you can fly those in much windier conditions, higher elevations,” said Kitchen.

Kitchen says the job requires you to roll with the punches and make quick decisions on the fly.

He said while training new jumpers, he taught them early to prepare and never hesitate.

“The only thing that we ask of you is that you take all the information that you can and then make a decision,” said Kitchen.

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Nick Holloway, a current Missoula smokejumper, who’s been working for 14 seasons, says it’s important to rely on your training, stay positive and persevere.

“Having done this for a few years, it’s just trying to know that essentially every season is a marathon, it’s not a sprint. Just stay healthy, stay focused and keep having a good time,” said Holloway.

NBC Montana asked both men what they were most proud of during their time jumping.

Kitchen recalled fighting a fire near the Grand Canyon, when he and his crew decided to manage a fire instead of suppressing it when they ponderosa pine trees.

The crew let the fire burn to a plateau, “The Ponderosa pine has about a 20 to 30-year fire return interval in that area,” said Kitchen. “That’s one of the high points as far as land stewardship of my career is seeing fire on a landscape escape and not necessarily suppressing it but allowing it to burn, because then you’re saying it’s good for decades after that.”

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Holloway told NBC Montana, while he has “too many to count,” he’s most proud that recently he jumped a 3- to 5-acre fire at Yellowstone National Park.

The fire grew to 8 acres, “So seven days later we got around everything, put it all out and essentially with a good product upon departure. So it’s just a classic example of a smokejumper fire.”

Holloway says staying fit for annual trainings, regardless of experience, is critical to staying fire-ready.

“Pushups, pullups, sit-ups, a certain amount and then a mile and a half in a certain time as well,” said Holloway.

Kitchen told NBC Montana he still does his pullups, pushups and sit-ups.

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“Many of my colleagues are still in really fit shape even in their 60s, 70s and 80s,” he said.



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Southwest Montana residents share public comments on Roadless Rule repeal | Explore Big Sky

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Southwest Montana residents share public comments on Roadless Rule repeal | Explore Big Sky


Without federally planned public meetings about planned repeal of the 2001 policy, organizations host events in Bozeman and across the state

By Jen Clancey STAFF WRITER 

As more residents arrived to a Gallatin County Fairgrounds building on March 12, organizers unfolded and added chairs to rows of people ready to listen or offer public comment about the planned repeal of the 2001 Roadless Rule. The meeting was led by a group of organizations creating public input opportunities about the rescission of the conservation policy, and Bozeman was the second to last meeting location in a series of seven across the state. 

In June 2025, the U.S. The Department of Agriculture Secretary Brooke Rollins announced intentions to repeal the Roadless Rule. Adopted under the Clinton Administration, the law banned construction, re-construction and timber harvesting on more than 58 million acres of public land. In Montana, six million acres are protected as roadless. 

Hilary Eisen, the federal policy director at Wild Montana, explained that a group of public land advocates collected over 4,000 signatures and petitioned the chief of the U.S. Forest Service to hold public meetings regarding the Roadless Rule repeal, but the USFS did not respond. Thirteen organizations decided to group together and plan public meetings themselves instead. 

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“It needs to happen, like there needs to be community conversations about this very impactful change,” Eisen told Explore Big Sky. “So we’re hoping that maybe by demonstrating to the Forest Service how this works, that they will change their mind and they’ll hold meetings, but at the very least we are hoping that we can at least provide that opportunity.”

The event, centering on the Custer-Gallatin National Forest, began with a short panel with Ryan Callahan, CEO and president of Backcountry Hunters and Anglers, Lisa Stoeffler, former Bozeman Ranger District leader with decades of forest management experience, and Vasu Sojitra, a professional mountain athlete, filmmaker and adaptive sports advocate. 

Stoeffler described how protection has become more important since the Roadless Rule’s implementation, including threats of wildfire, water scarcity and climate change. 

“There’s simply no good reason to upend the good work done at a local level with no rationale for doing so,” Stoeffler said. While the USFS has stated that roads promote access to fighting wildfires, research as reported by Robert Chaney in Mountain Journal, has shown that fire starts happen more frequently when in proximity to a road. In the meeting, Stoeffler shared that there are ways to improve the roadless rule, but warned against broad changes in lieu of carefully weighing site-specific solutions. 

Sojitra also shared his perspective as an outdoors advocate with a disability.
“One of the biggest things for folks with disabilities is that we don’t need more roads to get places,” Sojitra said. “ We just need more programming to get to places.”

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Sojitra also explained that through adaptive programming, he was able to fall in love with the outdoors, like many in the room, and that protecting the environment and wilderness is vital to health.

Public comment began later, and residents lined up one after the other to share what the Roadless Rule means to them, whether or not they support it, and why. Bozeman resident Karissa Wedman shared her experience working in conservation and wildland firefighting. She described her appreciation for protected public lands and noted that as a 25-year-old, the Roadless Rule has been in place her entire life. 

“I would like to say something for people my age and younger,” Wedman said. “It’s that we don’t wanna lose this. We love this, and it’s scary to think of the rest of our lives without it.”

Another Bozeman resident, Scott Bischke, described his connection with outdoor spaces in Montana. 

“ We looked at the map today—just of all the road areas in Montana—and [I’m] confident to say that we have either recreated in each one of them or at the minimum been adjacent to them, fishing, hunting, enjoying the outdoors, all the different things that we do,” he said. 

He then directed his comments about the current administration and urged leadership to use the Roadless Rule to protect further lands “for the critters that live there and for future Americans to explore.” 

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Other commenters included a Gallatin Gateway resident speaking to protect forests for future generations, including his 8-year-old granddaughter, and an Ennis resident and board member of the Montana Logging Association, who argued that the Roadless Rule needs deep reform. 

The USFS is expected to release its proposed rule and draft environmental impact statement in late March or early April. When it’s released, Wild Montana will compile all of the comments collected in meetings, both verbal and written, and send the comments to the USFS. There will be hundreds, as attendance at meetings across the state was robust, Wild Montana Organizing Director Kascie Herron said. 

“I’ve been blown away personally by the amount of community response that we’ve seen in each of these towns [where] we’ve held these meetings,” Herron said. She described comments from people on both sides of the argument, and noted that it was important to host meetings that promoted the democratic process typically seen in major land management decisions. 

Helena was the final meeting location after Bozeman, and the coalition will now focus on communicating with attendees and preparing for the public comment stage.

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