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“Spotting” Salmonids: put your fish ID skills to the test!

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“Spotting” Salmonids: put your fish ID skills to the test!


Think you’ve got ‘em all? Check your answers with the descriptions below to see if you’re truly the master of spotting salmonids… 

Note: salmon undergo significant color and body shape changes during their spawning migration from saltwater to freshwater; the characteristics described below refer to their freshwater mature adult phase coloration, which is what you would expect to see in Idaho.

A) Chinook Salmon (Scientific name: Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

  • You can identify a Chinook Salmon by continuous dark spots on the top half of their body from their head to their tail, and spots are present throughout both lobes of the tail. These fish also have a black mouth with a black gumline. Body color ranges from olive green to brown: the females are slightly lighter in color than the males, and the males will sometimes have maroon/red on their belly and sides. 
  • Fun fact: Chinook Salmon are the largest of the Pacific salmon species and are also referred to as King Salmon.

B) Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

  • Coho Salmon look similar to Chinook Salmon and they can be challenging to tell apart, but not impossible! Coho also have continuous dark spots on the top half of their body from their head to their tail, but they only have spots on the upper lobe of their tail, the lower lobe is plain. Coho have a black mouth with a white gumline. Body color ranges from dark brown to maroon/red. 
  • Fun fact: Coho are native to Idaho and were extirpated years ago, but now, thanks to reintroduction efforts, they are making a comeback in our great state! Coho are also referred to as Silver Salmon.

C) Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

  • Sockeye Salmon are a little easier to tell apart from Chinook and Coho. Sockeye have no distinct spots and have a white mouth with a white gumline. Body color is a show stopper: solid bright red body and a green head, gorgeous! You may also encounter Kokanee Salmon in Idaho, which looks very similar to Sockeye, but are landlocked and do not migrate to the ocean.
  • Fun fact: The Snake River Sockeye Salmon run has the longest freshwater migration (about 900 miles) and the highest elevation gain (6,547 feet) of any Sockeye population in the world! Sockeye Salmon are also referred to as Red Salmon.

D) Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

  • Steelhead have evenly spaced dark spots throughout most of their body and onto their tail. Body color ranges from dark green to pale silver green with a distinct pink or red stripe down their side and a pink or red patch on their cheek. Their colors will usually intensify during their spawning season in the spring from mid-April to late June. Steelhead look very similar to Rainbow Trout but are usually much larger in size because they migrate to the ocean for increased food opportunities.
  • Fun fact: The catch-and-release Idaho state record for steelhead was recently broken in October 2023 – the lucky angler caught a whopping 41-inch steelhead! (New catch/release record steelhead landed | Idaho Fish and Game)

E) Cutthroat Trout (multiple Oncorhynchus species)

  • Cutthroat Trout are sometimes confused with Rainbow Trout, but their dark spots are sparse near their head and most spots are heavily concentrated towards their tail. Cutthroats earn their name by the bright red or orange slash on the underside of their chin. Body color is variable depending on the species of cutthroat and can range from pale gray-green to yellowish brown, with red or orange on their bellies during spawning season. Don’t be fooled! – Rainbow Trout x Cutthroat Trout hybrids (known as “cutbows”) are also common in Idaho and can show characteristics from both species. So, if the trout you’ve caught has an orange chin slash, more evenly distributed spots, and some white-tipped fins, then it is likely a hybrid.
  • Fun fact: Several previously well-known subspecies of cutthroat trout have been recently reclassified into four different species: Coastal, Westslope, Lahontan, and Rocky Mountain cutthroat trout. Although their taxonomic classification has changed, they still share the same identifying characteristics listed above when comparing them to other salmonids.

F) Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus)

  • Unlike all the species above, Bull Trout have light spots on a dark background. They have no spots on their dorsal fin, which is key to telling them apart from a Brook Trout or other salmonids. Bull Trout can also be identified by a bright white leading edge on the front of their pectoral and pelvic fins. Their bellies can turn orange during spawning. Bull Trout also look similar to Lake Trout, another char species in Idaho, but Lake Trout have a deeply forked tail and Bull Trout do not.
  • Fun fact: Bull Trout are listed as Threatened under the Endangered Species Act and are therefore catch-and-release only. Since Bull Trout have no black markings on their dorsal fins, an easy saying to remember while fishing is “no black – put it back!”

G) Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

  • Brook Trout are challenging to tell apart from Bull Trout (especially when they are small) in that they share these characteristics: light spots on a dark background, white leading edge on their pectoral and pelvic fins, and red or orange bellies during spawning. However, they have key differences that are important to remember, because Bull Trout are protected and Brook Trout are not. So, let’s seek the spots! First, Brook Trout spots extend onto their dorsal fin in a mottled pattern, whereas Bull Trout have a plain dorsal fin. Second, Brook Trout have distinct “squiggly worm tracks” on their back, called vermiculation, whereas Bull Trout do not have this spot pattern. Third, sometimes Brook Trout will have blue halos around a select few spots on their side, whereas Bull Trout have no blue halos.
  • Fun fact: Brook Trout are native to eastern North America and are the state fish of nine states – not surprisingly, most of them are eastern states!

So…how’d you do? Whether you aced it or have some serious studying to do, be sure to check out Idaho’s fishing regulations (Fishing Seasons and Rules | Idaho Fish and Game) before you head out on the water, you never know which of these species you may encounter. This is not an all-inclusive list of Idaho’s salmonids, but it’s a good starting point to go forth and impress your friends with your newly acquired fish ID knowledge. And remember, always seek the spots!



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Idaho Falls City Council delays vote on proposed alcohol ordinance – Local News 8

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Idaho Falls City Council delays vote on proposed alcohol ordinance – Local News 8


IDAHO FALLS, Idaho (KIFI) – A controversy is brewing as the City of Idaho Falls reviews its alcohol ordinance.

The goal is to consolidate four existing ordinances for beer, wine and liquor into a single law and ensure compliance with state code.

However, at its meeting last Thursday, the Idaho Falls City Council unanimously voted to remove the proposed ordinance from its agenda, in order to receive and consider additional public comment.

The proposed ordinance would:

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1. Require commercial establishments selling, dispensing or permitting consumption of alcohol – including beer, wine or liquor – to have an alcohol license, alcohol catering permit or a charitable event permit.

2. Business events with 20 or less employees consuming alcohol at the business would be allowed.

3. Require alcohol servers to complete training every three years.

4. Individuals who violate the law could be charged with a misdemeanor.

Idaho Falls City Council President Jim Francis said the changes were the culmination of months of collaboration between law enforcement, business owners and city attorneys.

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“We wanted to provide a safe environment – the primary point here – for public gatherings,” Francis said. “We recognize that certain antiquated elements of the current code are overly restrictive and needed to be addressed. We wanted to make the code more accessible to the public. We needed to address over-pouring issues. We wanted to reduce penalties where possible for violations, particularly the first offenses, and yet make the code clear enough to be enforceable consistently by law enforcement.”

But City Council Member John Radford said the changes represent an overreach by city government.

“I believe it’s a bad policy. What problem are we solving in the name of trying to solve a non-problem?” Radford said. “We’re becoming big brother around alcohol in your private property. I’m concerned that landlords will be at risk of being charged with a misdemeanor if they knowingly, which I made sure that was in there, because that is what we’ve been talking about, allowed people to drink in our business. We will be outside the norm of Idaho cities. This is a big step, and I don’t think the public has weighed in on this.”

At a City Council Work Session on June 1, Idaho Falls Chief of Police Bryce Johnson cited an increase in alcohol-related crime – particularly downtown – as a reason for the changes.

“DUI is there, but this would include sexual assaults, assaults, batteries, disturbances, urination, public vandalism, shooting – all sorts of crimes,” Johnson said.

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But business owners are concerned about the potential impact on commercial enterprises.

“The ordinance doesn’t address the real problem – which is people drinking … at one event and then showing up in a bar or restaurant already hammered and causing problems anyway,” ” said Terri Ireland, representing the Idaho Falls Downtown Merchants Association. “The industry is really well-regulated by state and local laws already.”

The City of Idaho Falls began the process of updating its alcohol ordinance in January 2026, seeking input from community stakeholders.

Multiple community members spoke out about the ordinance.

For more in-depth information, you can read the full 39-page proposed alcohol ordinance here.

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Idaho attorneys rebuff DOJ threat to prosecute Secretary of State in voter roll dispute

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Idaho attorneys rebuff DOJ threat to prosecute Secretary of State in voter roll dispute


A simmering dispute between Idaho’s top elections official and the U.S. Department of Justice escalated this month after federal officials warned Secretary of State Phil McGrane about possible prosecution tied to non-citizens voting in Idaho.

The Justice Department sent a letter earlier this month threatening McGrane with prosecution. The warning came amid a broader conflict between the Trump administration and McGrane, whom the administration has sued over his refusal to provide unredacted voter rolls to the federal government.

Idaho’s chief of civil litigation, James Craig, responded on July 10. In a letter first reported by the Idaho Statesman, Craig pushed back on the federal warning, writing, “Insinuations of criminal violations of the federal election laws are not well taken,” and asking the department to “stop threatening your friends in Idaho.”

Craig also requested that the lawsuit against McGrane be dismissed and criticized the Justice Department for sending its letter directly to McGrane rather than to the Idaho attorney general’s office.

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The attorney general’s office said the state has already referred 15 cases of possible non-citizen election violations to the Justice Department but is not aware of any of them being prosecuted. Craig’s letter ends by asking the department to do so.



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Idaho Property Taxes are Here to Stay

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Idaho Property Taxes are Here to Stay


The Idaho Legislature won’t eliminate property tax next year. My bold prediction. There will be a few bills introduced, a lot of chatter on talk radio and online, and then action will be kicked down the road. If it looks like a winner in the 2028 Election, it’ll sail through in session a few weeks before the 2028 Primary. Wet an index finger and raise it in the air. Then vote.

As an old Libertarian (with a capital L), I’m familiar with the basic argument. If you own it, why do you have to pay rent? The answer always comes back to, “It’s the best system we have to fund local governments”. Forms have been in place since colonial times, even if scattered geographically. The idea gained steam in the years after the Civil War when a handful of economists blamed property ownership for growing poverty in cities. Property accrued value as space became a premium. So-called reformers believed the tax would balance economic inequality, and appealed to noblesse oblige.

Your Taxes Get Sprinkled Like a Good Rain

I live in Twin Falls County, where we have 78 taxing districts that rely on the current system. If you ask what can replace it, you’re called a Republican in name only (RINO) by compatriots. Obviously, not everything funded by the tax is a waste. First responders and snow plows come to mind. It makes me think of the calls to gut the federal government, but while maintaining Social Security and Medicare. The former makes up nearly a quarter of the budget. Medicare is only 14 percent, but additional health spending brings the tab to another quarter. Historian Niall Ferguson grew up in Scotland, and he summed up Great Britain a couple of weeks ago. People want more, not less, welfare spending. Are we different?

Before anyone in Boise wipes out property tax, legislators need to consider what voters want to stay, and how to fund it otherwise. If they don’t, they’ll see a backlash at the ballot box. Just because I say I want taxes reduced, I didn’t mean the programs that benefit me! The answer won’t be available over 90 days next year.

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More than 20 years ago I hosted a weeklong series on tax alternatives. Among the proposals we examined were Flat Tax, Fair Tax, and Automated Payments Tax. People are most familiar with the first. Everyone pays a flat percentage. Say 12 to 15 percent. Of income, I guess. Of course, we need to define income. Professor Gad Saad is leaving Canada for a job in the United States and has to pay an exit tax based on his estimated assets. Estimated is the dirty word! That’s left to bureaucrats.

This Requires Study and Gaming Outcomes

Go ahead and adopt the flat tax, and please the conservatives, however. Many people, even on the right, have paid very little when it comes to present income confiscation. See how they react when they get a wake-up call. The Fair Tax is a national sales tax of 23 percent. Or it was the percentage proposed 20 years ago. That sounds large, but when you consider your overall tax burden right now, if it replaced what currently exists, you would be better off. This isn’t to say that local governments wouldn’t institute their own taxes. If you live in a blue state or city, that’s a given. Proponents argue that citizens have the option of not paying taxes if they choose not to buy. Obviously, you need to buy some things, unless you’re destitute and living exclusively on handouts.

Automated Payments Tax (APT) is a 1 percent charge on every transaction. A company buys steel to build trucks; it pays 1 percent on the steel. And on every other purchase. The dealer buys the truck for his lot and pays one percent. You buy from the dealer and pay one percent. An economist at the University of Indiana told me it would cover the federal budget. We had that conversation in 2005, when the national debt wasn’t even a quarter of what we see today. None of these plans address the debt, but if state and local governments are creative, maybe we can find something that replaces property taxes.

What we’ll get is a commission from the politically connected who’ll meet once a month for bagels and orange juice. In three years, they’ll provide a solution that works best for them.

Highest Gas Taxes By State in the U.S.

Here are the top 10 states for gas taxes.

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