The two-lined spittlebug arrived on Hawaii island in 2016.
The tiny black bug is about one centimeter long with two blood-orange stripes across its body and red legs. It’s a leaf hopper that feeds on grass through its entire life cycle, which is typically around 60 days.
Now, 10 years later, it has destroyed an estimated 320,000 acres of ranchlands from Pu‘u Wa‘awa‘a to South Point.
“It has grown tremendously,” said Mark Thorne, a range and livestock extension specialist with the University of
Hawaii.
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Thorne has led research on the pest’s impact on the island since its arrival. He said if nothing is done and the pest moves north into Waimea, where the state’s largest livestock production resides, “we stand to potentially lose our best cattle production ranchlands and that entire industry.”
The threat to the cattle industry prompted Sen. Mike Gabbard, D Kapolei-Makakilo-Kalaeloa, to introduce SB 2321, which would create a two-year response pilot program within the Department of Agriculture and Biosecurity to address the spittlebug on the Big Island. The bill passed its first reading on Jan. 21 and was referred to the Agriculture and Environment and Ways and Means committees on Jan. 26.
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“This bill is really about getting ahead of the problem,” Gabbard said in an email. “Not just reacting once the damage is already done.”
As of 2023, the bill said, the state’s livestock industry had a production value of more than $50 million with more than 143,000 beef cattle. Most of that cattle is raised on Hawaii island
and 70% of them feed on sod-farming grasses, such as kikuyo and pangola, which the spittlebug targets.
The bug is native to the southeast United States, said Nicole Galase, managing director for Hawaii Cattlemen’s Council. She said she helped lobby for the bill, which aims to help ranchers who are “shelling out hundreds of thousands of dollars a year to battle this bug on their own” stay in business while ensuring best practices are taking place to prevent the infestation from spreading.
“It’s not something that just ranchers alone can combat,” she said. “The fact is the ranchers are on the front line of having to deal with it, but eventually we are worried that it could be affecting any area with grass cover.”
When the spittlebug kills pasture grass, it clears the way for invasive grasses and weeds to move in, Thorne said. Those invasive grasses and weeds are incredibly
difficult for ranchers to
remove.
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“It basically renders the rangelands that our livestock industry rely on almost to the point of not being able to support livestock production,” Thorne said. “It’s pretty devastating.”
So far, the infestation has been able to stay concentrated in the south Kona area, Thorne said, but a new population was recently discovered in Glenwood likely due to inadvertent human transportation.
Thorne said a response team could help educate ranchers about the bug and its impact so that they can implement quick responses as soon as they notice a dead patch of grass or spittlebug masses in the soil.
The bug is difficult to spot because of its small size and proximity to the soil line for the majority of its life cycle. Eggs are laid in soil and when they hatch, tiny nymphs excrete white froth known as “spittle mass” that protect them from predators and drying out. Adults can be seen hopping around the pasture for the final three to four weeks of their life.
As of now, Thorne said the best way to contain the pest is to target them while they are in the nymph stage by cutting the grass short and spraying pesticide after finding a patch of dying grass. He also advised ranchers to ensure mud is cleaned from equipment, shoes and cars.
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A mobile phone application was also created by Thorne’s team to help the public identify and report the pest. The app can be downloaded at tlsbhawaii.com.
Franny Brewer, program manager for the Big Island Invasive Species Committee, said a key infrastructure need that is sometimes overlooked is a way for ranchers to store grass seed. Ranchers have a limited time to reseed land after grass is destroyed, she said, and timing that with shipping seed from the mainland has been a challenge.
“There’s no secure facility that has the right environmental conditions on this island where there could be a place where seed is stored so we could buy bulk seed and have it ready to distribute to the ranchers,” she said. “Just even that infrastructure would be huge.”
Brewer supported the bill but emphasized the need for a clear plan from the
department.
She added that the bug will not only have negative effects on the cattle industry and Hawaii’s food security, but also can impact Hawaii’s watersheds through soil erosion.
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“It’s really important for any invasive species to have a plan early, and have steps that you can implement,” she said. “If you don’t have
a plan and you’re just getting funding willy-nilly, is that going to contribute
long term to the success
of the response?”
Stacey Chun, an entomologist for the Department of Agriculture and Biosecurity in Hilo, said the agency needs more funding to do more research on mitigation strategies on the pest.
“The cattle industry is a $50 million industry,” he said. “We need all the support we can get for it. There are jobs and lifestyles affected and we need to help keep the local economy
going.”
Gabbard said if passed, the pilot response team will target early infestations, map the big’s spread and test most effective and affordable ways to control it. It will also allow support and reimbursement for ranchers to ensure they “aren’t left to shoulder the cost alone,” Gabbard said.
The program would need an estimated
$1.6 million to operation — $800,000 for each year — Gabbard said. He noted that the coconut rhinoceros beetle, which has decimated Oahu’s palm trees, showed what happens when invasive species outpace a coordinated response: containment becomes more expensive and less effective.
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Gabbard emphasized that every dollar spent now will save more money down the line as the state works to stop the spread of bug.
“If we wait until this pest spreads across more islands and more ranchlands,” Gabbard said, “the cost to the state — in emergency response, lost agricultural production and higher food prices — will be far greater than what it takes to fund this pilot program and do it right the first time.”
Authorities in Hawaii have charged a 36-year-old man with murder in the killings of three people in a remote community known for its eclectic, communal lifestyle.
Jacob Daniel Baker was charged with counts of first- and second-degree murder Saturday, the Hawaii Police Department said in a news release.
Baker remained jailed without bond Sunday and police said his first court appearance was scheduled for Monday. It was not immediately known if Baker had an attorney who could speak for him.
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Charges in the killings came two days after police apprehended Baker following a manhunt on Hawaii’s Big Island, where the three victims were found in the rural Puna community known for its tropical landscape and free-spirited residents.
Robert Shine, 69, was found dead Monday partially submerged in a cement pond, according to police. The second victim, a 79-year-old man, was discovered Tuesday a few hundred feet away. Friends identified him as Chitta Morse.
Police found the third victim, 69-year-old John Carse, late Tuesday at a property 19 miles from where the other two bodies were located.
Police have not given a suspected motive for the killings. Hawaii Police Chief Reed Mahuna has said investigators found no connections among the victims other than that two of them lived near each other.
In addition to the murder charges, Baker also faces counts of burglary, auto theft and criminal damage to property.
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The killings left residents on edge in Puna, a community set amid lush jungle and barren lava fields where people seeking to live off-grid commonly trade work for lodging.
Puna resident Stephen Shaffer said that Baker had worked for his ex-wife, climbing coconut trees on land where she grows fruit, in exchange for a place to live. After several months, Shaffer said, his ex-wife sought a restraining order against Baker, saying she felt threatened by him.
Donald Hyatt, a friend of Shaffer’s ex-wife and of two of the men killed, said Baker left the cabin where he had been living months ago. Hyatt said that Baker recently returned claiming “squatter’s rights” and threatened Shaffer’s ex.
Just days before the killings, two women had requested temporary restraining orders against Baker, saying he had threatened and harassed them, according to court records. A judge denied both applications, saying there was not enough proof of harassment.
Court records showed Baker named in 20 other cases in the past two decades, many of them traffic infractions. In most of those cases, Baker had no attorney and represented himself.
Hawaii is home to a wide range of towns that give older adults relaxing ways to enjoy their retirement years. Across the islands, retirees can find communities with easy access to healthcare and outdoor recreation. Coastal towns like Kailua-Kona and Līhuʻe offer ocean views and nearby medical care. Inland communities such as Waimea and Makawao provide cooler weather and an easier rhythm. Retirees may be drawn to smaller places with a strong community feel, while those wanting more services may prefer regional hubs like Hilo. Together, these Hawaiian towns offer a mix of natural beauty and everyday comforts.
Kailua-Kona
Keauhou Bay, Kailua-Kona, Hawaii.
Kailua-Kona is a coastal town on the Big Island of Hawaii with fewer than 25,000 residents. It continues to attract retirees thanks to its warm weather and ocean access. Areas like Kealakehe and Holualoa are still growing, with new subdivisions adding more housing options for people who want to stay long-term.
Most medical care is provided by the nearby Kona Community Hospital, and clinics throughout the Kona district offer additional services. Some of the main landmarks are Kailua Pier, Huliheʻe Palace, Kamakahonu Beach, and Kona Commons Shopping Center. These spots help residents stay active year-round.
Hilo
Overlooking Hilo, Hawaii.
Hilo is a well-known retirement-friendly community on Hawaii Island, known for being easy to walk around. With about 48,000 residents, according to recent Census data, Hilo is a regional center for healthcare, education, and government services, which helps create long-term stability for residents.
Hilo Benioff Medical Center is the main hospital for East Hawaii and provides most of the area’s healthcare. There are also outpatient and senior care services, such as the nearby Life Care Center of Hilo.
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People in Hilo often spend time at places like Wailoa River State Recreation Area, Hilo Farmers Market, Liliʻuokalani Gardens, and Rainbow Falls. These spots are close to neighborhoods like Waiākea and Keaukaha.
Waimea
Rolling green pastureland with white fences near Waimea, Hawaii’s Big Island.
Waimea is a small inland town on Hawaii Island with fewer than 10,000 residents. Because it sits at a higher elevation, the weather is cooler, with daytime temperatures usually between 70 and 80°F and nights that feel much cooler.
Residents have access to healthcare through local clinics and services linked to Queen’s North Hawai’i Community Hospital in Waimea, which provides essential care for the area. The town has strong connections to Parker Ranch, one of the country’s largest ranches, as well as nearby ranchlands. Waimea attracts retirees who want a quieter inland setting, strong community organizations, and fewer people.
Līhuʻe
A couple walks along Kalapaki Beach in Lihue, Kaua’i, Hawai’i.
Līhuʻe serves as Kauai’s administrative and service center and has fewer than 10,000 residents. The town plays a central role in healthcare and government operations across the island. It is just 30 minutes from Hanapepe and offers retirees a small-town feel, with natural scenery all around.
Wilcox Medical Center is the largest hospital on the island and provides care for residents throughout Kauai. Notable landmarks include Kalapaki Beach, Nawiliwili Harbor, Kauai Museum, and Kilohana Plantation. Together, these sites support recreation, tourism, and community events across the area.
Kapa’a
Shops in downtown Kapa’a in Hawaii. Image credit bluestork via Shutterstock.com
Kapaʻa sits on the east side of Kauai and has about 11,000 residents. It is easy to get around on foot, with everything you could need close by. The town serves as both a place to live and a hub for businesses in the area.
Residents can access healthcare at local clinics such as The Clinic at Kapaa or at Wilcox Medical Center in Līhuʻe. Some well-known spots in Kapaʻa are Kapaʻa Beach Park, the Sleeping Giant Trail, Coconut Marketplace, and Wailua River State Park. Coconut Marketplace has a Farmer’s Market twice a week, plus live local music. Hula classes and shows are also a local favorite offered at Coconut Marketplace.
Kailua
Overlooking Kailua, Oahu.
Kailua is a residential area on the windward side of Oahu with fewer than 50,000 residents. The town is known for its easy access to beaches and well-established neighborhoods such as Enchanted Lake and Coconut Grove.
Residents have access to healthcare through nearby hospitals in the Honolulu area. Adventist Health Castle, which is located in Kailua, is one of the main options. In addition, Kalapawai Market is a local favorite to grab coffee, ube scones, and other treats.
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Kailua is home to many beaches for swimming and watersports, including Kailua Beach Park. Lanikai Beach is a public beach within a residential neighborhood, with no lifeguards, restrooms, or public parking lot. For walking and biking, Kawainui Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary is a popular dog-friendly wildlife sanctuary with a scenic trail.
Haleʻiwa
Aerial view of Haleiwa, Hawaii.
Hale’iwa is known for its slower pace and strong connection to Oahu’s North Shore coastline. This historic North Shore town is said to be the quirkiest and has a population of under 5,000. It maintains a small commercial core while serving nearby rural communities.
Healthcare is available through clinics in Waialua and through The Queen’s Medical Center – Wahiawā in central Oahu.
Notable landmarks in Haleʻiwa include Haleʻiwa Beach Park, a popular spot for fishing and sunset views, and Waimea Bay, known for its large winter surf and summer swimming conditions. The nearby Banzai Pipeline draws surfers from around the world during big-wave season on Oahu’s North Shore. Residents also spend time at Haleʻiwa Aliʻi Beach Park, which has picnic areas and shoreline walking paths.
Wahiawa
Waikele Premium Outlets in Honolulu County, near Wahiawa, Hawaii. Image credit ARTYOORAN via Shutterstock.com
Wahiawa is a central Oahu community with a population of roughly 17,000. It sits between the island’s north and south regions, and provides a quieter inland setting while still allowing access to both Oahu’s north and south coasts.
Healthcare in Wahiawa is available through in-town facilities, such as The Queen’s Medical Center – Wahiawā.
Local landmarks include Lake Wilson, where residents fish and kayak, and the Wahiawa Botanical Garden, known for its large tropical trees and walking paths. Nearby Schofield Barracks remains one of the largest military installations in Hawaii and shapes much of the area’s economy. Residents also rely on Whitmore Village for local businesses, neighborhood services, and access to agricultural areas outside town.
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Makawao
The town of Makawao sits on the slope of the Haleakala volcano in Maui.
Makawao is a small town in upcountry Maui with fewer than 10,000 residents. Its higher elevation gives the area cooler temperatures than much of coastal Maui, especially during the evenings.
Makawao maintains a rural atmosphere while still keeping residents close to shopping and healthcare in nearby Kahului and central Maui for routine and specialized care.
Residents enjoy art galleries, and nearby access routes to Haleakalā National Park, which draw both residents and visitors into Maui’s upland landscapes. The community also gathers around Oskie Rice Event Center, which hosts rodeos and local events throughout the year, while Pukalani Country Club provides golf and recreation with views of central Maui.
Pāhoa
Downtown Pahoa, Hawaii. Image credit Chris Allan via Shutterstock
Pāhoa is a small town on Hawaii Island with fewer than 1,000 residents. The community has a slower pace of life and a strong local character shaped by East Hawaii’s volcanic landscape. Residents access healthcare through clinics in nearby Hilo and facilities connected to Hawaiʻi Health Systems Corporation in East Hawaii.
Local landmarks include Lava Tree State Monument, where lava formations surround walking paths through tropical forest, and the historic downtown which still contains several older storefronts and small local businesses such as Tin Shack Bakery. Nearby Pohoiki Black Sand Beach has become a popular coastal gathering area following recent volcanic activity, while the former Ahalanui Park site (destroyed by the Kīlauea lava flow in 2018) remains an important part of the region’s history and shoreline identity.
Honoka’a
Overlooking Honoka’a, Hawaii.
Honokaʻa is a small plantation-era town on the Big Island of Hawaii. With fewer than 3,000 residents, its historic main street reflects its sugar industry past with preserved storefronts and a compact town center that still serves the surrounding Hamakua Coast communities.
Residents access healthcare through Queen’s North Hawai’i Community Hospital in nearby Waimea, which provides essential services for the region.
Along the main corridor, residents frequent shops such as Tex Drive-In, known for its malasadas, and Cafe Il Mondo, a long-running local café. The nearby Kalōpā State Recreation Area offers forest trails and native vegetation, while the Hamakua Coast provides scenic coastal drives with waterfalls and ocean views. Routes toward Akaka Falls connect the town to one of the island’s most visited natural landmarks.
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Hawaii Retirement Across the Islands
Retirement spots in Hawaii are found across the islands, each with its own pace of life. Towns like Kailua-Kona and Līhuʻe keep residents close to healthcare, services, and coastal scenery, while places such as Waimea, Makawao, and Honokaʻa offer quieter inland settings with strong local character. Others, including Hilo, Kapaʻa, and Haleʻiwa, balance everyday conveniences with beaches, parks, markets, and community gathering places. As people in Hawaii look for more space, fewer crowds, and reliable access to care, these towns show how varied retirement living can be across the state.
HONOLULU (HawaiiNewsNow) – A new optical illusion is taking shape in Kalihi.
Commissioned by Kamehameha Schools, the mural will feature plants and trees native to the area. The artwork aims to highlight how forestry can exist within urban areas.
Coincidentally, the new artwork sits adjacent to one of Kalihi’s most famous murals: Wave 01/101.
The artist Kai’ili Kaulukukui plays with depth and shadow, creating an optical illusion on the flat face of a building.
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“The painting style is called ” trompe-l’œil”, it means ‘trick the eye’,” says Kaulukukui. “It’s been around for 2000 years. They have images of trompe-l’œil style murals at Pompeii, so it’s a very old style.”
Kaulukukui said he’s always been intrigued by the art style, though this is his first time painting it.
“They’re both kind of environmental themed murals,” he said. “This is bringing an image of what a forest could look like in the city. That is like an homage to Pipeline and our beautiful waves that we have here.”
The 55-foot-tall mural is expected to be completed by Sunday, May 31.
After this project, Kaulukukui will start an ocean-themed mural just one street over, bringing a bit more nature into urban Honolulu.
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