How San Diego Secured Its Water Supply, at a Cost

By SUMAN NAISHADHAM, Related Press

As a worsening drought forces tens of millions of Californians to face necessary water restrictions, one nook of Southern California has largely shielded itself from supply-related woes: San Diego County.

For Western water planners, the trail it took to get there serves both as a blueprint or a cautionary story.

Over the previous three a long time, San Diego County diversified its water provide, ramped up conservation and invested in big-ticket water infrastructure together with the Western hemisphere’s largest desalination plant, which removes salt and impurities from ocean water. Consequently, the water company that serves 24 water utilities together with town of San Diego says it will possibly keep away from cuts till no less than 2045, even throughout dry intervals. However that safety has come at a value.

San Diego County’s water is among the many most costly within the nation, costing about 26% extra on the wholesale stage in 2021 than the Metropolitan Water District’s, which serves Los Angeles and surrounding counties. Now, two rural irrigation districts in San Diego County house to giant avocado industries need to break free from the regional water provider, saying they will buy cheaper water elsewhere. In the event that they succeed, water in San Diego County may develop much more costly.

“San Diego’s scenario may be very shocking, very placing,” mentioned Michael Hanemann, an environmental economist at Arizona State College who lately was commissioned to check the area’s water prices for a California company. “I feel it is a harbinger of one thing that’s going to occur elsewhere in California and elsewhere within the U.S.”

San Diegans did not all the time relaxation simple throughout drought. Within the Nineteen Nineties, a extreme dry interval reduce the area’s water provide by 30%. On the time, nearly all of its water got here from the Metropolitan Water District, the nation’s largest water supplier. That have and a tense, dysfunctional relationship — California water specialists say — with water officers in Los Angeles spurred San Diego County’s aggressive, decades-long pursuit of water self-sufficiency.

“At that time, our group got here collectively and mentioned, ‘We’re not going to be on this scenario once more. We have to plan for our personal reliability,” mentioned Sandy Kerl, normal supervisor of the San Diego County Water Authority.

So in 2003, the water authority reduce a deal to get water from the one largest person of the Colorado River, the Imperial Irrigation District, in Southern California. San Diego County funded repairs to leaky canals belonging to Imperial and signed a historic water switch deal. At this time, it receives about 55% of its complete provide from Imperial as a part of the deal.

The water authority additionally helped farmers use much less water. It raised dams to extend storage capability in reservoirs. It supplied rebates to householders who ripped out grass lawns for water-efficient options.

In 2012, San Diego County solid a deal to get 10% of its water provide from the Carlsbad Desalination Plant for the subsequent 30 years. The plant produces 50 million gallons of drinkable water — sufficient for about 400,000 folks — daily and is by far the area’s most costly water supply.

“In spherical phrases, it’s twice as costly as imported floor water,” mentioned Hanemann. “Alternatively, it’s a really dependable provide as a result of it’s not affected by drought and low flows in rivers in Northern California or the Colorado.”

Whereas these efforts took maintain, demand steadily fell, at the same time as half one million extra folks moved to San Diego. Statewide water cuts throughout drought, extra environment friendly showers, bathrooms and faucets, rebates to tear out grass and the usage of recycled water did what they had been alleged to do — steeply lowering per-person water use. By 2020, San Diegans used 30% much less water than in 1990.

Water officers, nevertheless, did not foresee the approaching drop in demand and constantly overestimated how a lot water was wanted. At this time, San Diego County says it’s now not looking for extra water, a place that some within the West would possibly think about enviable. However they would not envy the water charges.

Because of promoting much less water, San Diego County has raised charges — by a mean of 4% for every of the previous 5 years — to cowl mounted prices together with the San Vicente Dam and desalination plant. Such prices make up the lion’s share — roughly 90% — of the company’s annual bills.

The value of water, Hanemann mentioned, is basically decided by the infrastructure that strikes and shops it. “You are screwed if all of a sudden you ship fewer gallons of water since your prices do not go down.”

“Water is a horrible enterprise to be in as a result of we have now to advertise folks to make use of much less of our product and cost them extra after they do,” mentioned Tom Kennedy, normal supervisor of the Rainbow Municipal Water District, one of many two water companies attempting to detach from the San Diego County’s water authority.

Rainbow and Fallbrook, the opposite city whose company is attempting to supply its water elsewhere, say doing so would give them entry to cheaper water, although the potential financial savings aren’t but recognized. A state company is contemplating whether or not they can go away, with a choice anticipated by the tip of the yr. If their exit is authorized, the subsequent step can be a vote amongst residents. Provided that that vote passes can the 2 districts go away.

At a current public listening to, indignant residents shouted at officers about how lengthy the method is taking — and the way costly their payments have gotten within the meantime.

The agricultural cities reduce a placing distinction to San Diego’s constellation of seashore cities and waterfront skyline. Northeast of town, steep, dry hills and sweeping canyons dot the panorama.

Steep water prices have harm farming in Fallbrook and Rainbow, as soon as the most important producer of avocados within the nation. Between 2016 and 2020, Fallbrook misplaced almost a fifth of its avocado groves, authorities data present, on account of urbanization and fallowed groves.

Jason Kendall, a farmer in Rainbow whose household took out their avocado groves years in the past, mentioned rising the fruit with out supplementary groundwater is a dropping enterprise.

“You simply can’t be worthwhile shopping for district water and rising avocados,” mentioned Kendall, who has 350 acres (142 hectares) of reduce flowers, that are broadly grown within the area.

Water officers in San Diego County say larger water prices are coming for different elements of California and the West, even when desalination is much less widespread at this time than it as soon as was. Just lately, a California coastal fee denied a allow for Poseidon Water to construct one other decades-in-the-making desalination plant some 60 miles (97 kilometers) up the coast, in Huntington Seaside. The rejection got here after years of opposition from environmentalists.

The remainder of the state has work to do, officers in San Diego County mentioned, as local weather change continues to accentuate droughts and shrink the rivers feeding California’s reservoirs and the Colorado River.

“There’s no extra low cost water obtainable,” mentioned Kerl.

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