Arizona
Arizona early childhood care COVID-19 relief funds expire this summer
PHOENIX – Early childhood care and education programs struggled to recruit, retain staff and meet labor costs before the COVID-19 pandemic. Then the worldwide shutdown made matters worse, as parents turned their homes into conference rooms, classrooms and day care centers.
According to the Annie E. Casey Foundation’s 2023 Kids Count Data Book, 16% of children 6 and under in Arizona had a family member quit, change or refuse a job because of child care problems. In fact, the 2023 report ranked Arizona 39th overall for child well-being, noting an annual cost of $10,883 for “center-based child care.”
“Families struggled to find affordable child care, child care programs struggled to keep up with their labor costs, but once the pandemic hit everything, you know, everything, all these problems just got bigger,” said Heidi Walton, program specialist at First Things First.
First Things First, Arizona’s Early Childhood Development and Health Board, invests funds to improve and maintain early childhood care across the state. Many of its funds come from a tobacco tax approved by Arizona voters in 2006. In 2021, the Arizona Department of Economic Security (DES) received $1.3 billion in additional federal funding for its Child Care and Development Fund from the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations and the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021.
The federal funds were used by First Things First to expand Quality First, a quality rating and improvement program. Quality First services were extended to an additional 400 care centers across the state that had high ratings for providing quality care for families and children in the care of the Department of Child Safety.
The DES also increased child care reimbursement rates from 35% to 50% for programs with at least a three-star rating and allocated funds to increase Quality First scholarships for essential workers and for families who could not afford care. All of these efforts worked together to eliminate the list of families waiting to get access to the facilities rated by Quality First.
But with federal pandemic relief funds set to expire on June 30, child care accessibility and affordability could be at risk for both families and care providers, as scholarships and increased reimbursement rates shrink.
Families face child care dilemma
Jacqueline Cordera is particularly worried about the loss of those relief funds.
When Cordera prepared to enroll her daughter in the same preschool her son attends, Imagination Childcare and Preschool in Litchfield Park, she realized she couldn’t afford it.
“I go back to work relatively quickly after I have my children just because I can’t afford to be off,” Cordera said. “So when it came to putting my daughter in, it was just, well, how the heck am I going to do this? Like, am I going to have to start working or stop working?”
The director of the facility directed Cordera to Quality First, where she got scholarships that let her put both children in the school. But she worries for the future as funds are set to expire.
“You have no idea what to expect,” Cordera said. “We’re just kind of sitting here waiting and wondering what’s going to happen and if we’re going to have to pull our kids from day care to find something else we can afford.”
More than 1,300 care and preschool providers benefit from Quality First funding. Staff members receive professional development training and guidance on center improvements. Funds can also be used to improve a facility’s library and learning materials, classroom furniture, outdoor equipment and building maintenance. Care centers have access to Quality First health care, mental health and special needs experts to meet the varied needs of students.
Before pandemic relief funds came into play, hundreds of families and providers had to wait for care; the looming expiration of pandemic relief funds could place those providers and families back on the waitlist. Families may lose scholarships or access to a Quality First-rated care center or preschool.
Some Arizona legislators are looking at ways to allocate funds for early childhood care across the state. Gov. Katie Hobbs proposed investing $100 million from the general fund for child care in her fiscal 2025 budget earlier this year. DES press secretary Tasya C. Peterson said efforts like this are essential to support quality child care in Arizona.
Raising the bar
While the 2020 Kids Count Data Book ranked Arizona 42nd for overall child well-being, the state rose to 39th in the 2023 Kids Count Data Book, boosted by decreases in the percentage of kids living in poverty, kids raised by single parents, teenage pregnancies and kids whose parents don’t have a high school diploma. Still, Arizona’s consistently low rankings are attributed in part to children living with high housing costs, children whose parents don’t have stable jobs and young children not attending school.
Child care advocates emphasize the need to adjust provider-to-child ratios in care centers and increase affordability.
Barbie Prinster, executive director for the Arizona Early Childhood Education Association, and Kelley Murphy, vice president of policy at the Children’s Action Alliance, worry about the threat that unaffordable child care poses to employers.
“It’s a business issue,” Murphy said. “It’s an economic development issue for the state. If I’m an employer and I need employees who can’t get child care, they can’t come to work. We can’t attract business to the state if we can’t hire employees.”
According to Murphy, some families pay 20% to 30% of their income on child care, leaving many to decide between child care and unemployment. Scholarships can help some families, and child care assistance from the DES is available to families at or below 165% of the poverty level, but those above that income level have to find assistance elsewhere.
Bill Berk, CEO of Small Miracles Education, said 90% to 95% of families at Small Miracles will be hit hard by the loss of pandemic relief funds. Small Miracles owns 15 preschools across the state, many of which offer education for low-income families with the help of Quality First.
“One of our core beliefs for Small Miracles is that every child deserves a high-quality learning experience and we hope that our schools can appeal to families of all demographics ,” Berk said.
According to First Things First, 90% of a child’s brain develops by age 5. Preschools and day care centers that offer early social and learning opportunities can help prepare children for kindergarten and further education, according to industry advocates and professionals.
The HighScope Perry Preschool Project, started in 1962, tracked kids who participated in high-quality early learning programs and found they had a 19% lower arrest rate than kids who did not. Children in the control group who weren’t in the program were five times more likely to engage with the criminal justice system.
“Research tells us that kids that have high quality, early education experiences, arrive at kindergarten more ready to learn,” Murphy said. “They tend to have higher third grade reading scores, which then goes on to mean that they are more likely to graduate from high school, which means they’re less likely to end up in the prison system or on welfare.”
Child care experts say maintaining high-quality early childhood education is critical for the development of future generations. The Pima Early Education Program Scholarship works to improve access and affordability of care throughout the county, but legislators and providers want to see stable funding on the state level.
With the June 30 deadline approaching, providers are wondering how to help families navigate the potential loss of child care assistance.
“We really don’t know what’s going to happen after that,” Prinster said. “That’s been the hardest, I think, thing to swallow.”
Arizona
How former Arizona Wildcats fared in Week 12 of NFL season
Another week of the NFL season is in the books. Here’s how former Arizona Wildcats fared in Week 12.
Nick Folk, K, Tennessee Titans
At 40 years, Folk is proving he’s still one of the NFL’s elite kickers. On Sunday he made three including distances of 51 and 56 yards to lead the Titans to a 32-27 win over the Houston Texans. Folk is 6-for-6 on field goal attempts of 50+ yards this season.
Folk now has 399 career field goals. He’ll soon become just the 14th kicker in NFL history to hit the 400 mark.
Demetrius Flannigan-Fowles, ST, San Francisco 49ers
Flannigan-Fowles was a rare bright spot for the 49ers in their 38-10 defeat to the Green Bay Packers. He recorded a superb 89.7 grade on special teams, according to Pro Football Focus.
Unfortunately he hurt his knee during the game and is listed as questionable.
Christian Roland-Wallace, ST, Kansas City Chiefs
Roland-Wallace played 16 snaps on special teams in the Chiefs’ 30-27 win over the Carolina Panthers. He recorded a 62.2 grade per PFF, third-best on the unit.
Roy Lopez, DT, Arizona Cardinals
Lopez had one tackle in Arizona’s 16-6 loss to the Seattle Seahawks. Lopez recorded a pitiful 23.6 tackling grade, according to PFF.
Arizona
Kingpin: Arizona father and son ran large-scale drug trafficking ring, DOJ says
PHOENIX – The Department of Justice says the two leaders of a large-scale, drug-trafficking ring are a father and son with roots in Phoenix.
In addition to charges of narcotics, conspiracy and money laundering, prosecutors are charging the two men with the “Kingpin” statute, also known as the Continuing Criminal Enterprise Statute.
In January 2024, a federal grand jury in Johnstown, Pennsylvania charged 35 people in a second superseding indictment, accusing the group of participating in a “violent transnational drug and money laundering operation” between August 2021 and June 2023.
Twenty-six of the 35 defendants are from the Phoenix area. A wiretap investigation by the FBI led to the discovery of the alleged drug ring.
Marcos Monarrez-Mendoza mugshot
Marcos Monarrez-Mendoza, 55, was convicted and sentenced to prison in 2013 for using the mail to set up a methamphetamine delivery system in Texas. A decade later, prosecutors believe he and his son Marcos Monarrez Jr. – aka “Nene” – are the leaders of the Monarrez Drug Trafficking Organization based in Phoenix.
The father and son are accused of importing millions of fentanyl pills, kilograms of fentanyl powder, hundreds of pounds of methamphetamine and dozens of kilos of cocaine from Mexico and selling it throughout the U.S.
Court documents say the Monarrez DTO worked with four major suppliers from Mexico and Phoenix. Those four men are also charged in this case, including Jaime Ledesma.
Ledesma is serving time in an Arizona state prison for previous convictions of narcotics possession for sale and weapons misconduct.
Investigators say Monarrez DTO paid numerous distributors and couriers to transport and deliver shipments of fentanyl, meth and cocaine to re-distributors in Phoenix, Seattle, Minneapolis, Cleveland, Wichita, Kansas, Fort Wayne, Indiana and Western Pennsylvania.
Through court records, FOX 10 identified some of the defendants accused of working for Monarrez-Mendoza to distribute illicit drugs, including Cesar Monarrez – aka “Pollo,” Colby Barrow – aka “Bando,” Donald Garwood and Valeriz Sanchez, all based in the Phoenix area.
Carlos Zamora – aka “Calancho” – is not only accused of re-distributing fentanyl and meth – but law enforcement calls him the “enforcer” of the operation and says he was paid by Monarrez Jr. to perpetrate violence, including a drive-by shooting.
Where does our state stand amongst drug trafficking nationwide?
“We are ground zero for drug trafficking right here,” says Special Agent in Charge Cheri Oz of the DEA’s Phoenix Field Division.
Since 2020, Oz and her team have been on the frontlines of the fentanyl crisis in Arizona, seizing historic amounts of drugs.
“Synthetics are the wave of the future,” she says. “With methamphetamine and fentanyl, the cartels have learned chemistry and they’re making concoctions in the jungles and basements and kitchens. They’re packaging those up and selling them, bringing them into the United States and selling them here.”
She says the Sinaloa Cartel and the Cartel de Jalisco Nueva Generacion – known as “CJNG” – are the largest Mexican criminal syndicates that threaten the U.S., but it’s not migrants that primarily bring in illicit drugs on foot.
Couriers or “mules” drive through legal ports of entry at the southern border to bring drugs into Arizona.
Authorities also seize drugs at airports like Phoenix Sky Harbor, discovering products hidden in checked luggage and containers. By land and by air, Oz says it’s moving fast and agents are trying to keep up.
“The cartels find very innovative and creative ways to conceal loads and bring them into this country. We’ve seen them inside teddy bears if they go through the mail. Everything that you can imagine, think drug trafficking, illicit drug trafficking is a $3 trillion business. So that’s a lot of money, a lot of reasons to try and bring poison into this country. So, they will be very creative. They will do anything they can to get their poison into the United States,” Oz said.
The black market at the southern border is where drugs and firearms trafficking collide.
“In Mexico you can only buy a weapon through the army. There are only two stores in all of Mexico, and you have to have a permit in order to buy a weapon. So, it is extremely controlled arms regulation or weapons regulation,” says Rafael Barcelo Durazo.
Barcelo is Tucson’s Mexican Consul. He says both sides of the border feel the negative effects.
In the U.S. government’s case against the Monarrez DTO, one of its alleged suppliers – Humberto Arredondo-Soto, was paid in military-grade firearms, including AK-47 and short-stock Draco rifles, Glock handguns and FN SCAR assault rifles smuggled to Mexico by couriers from the U.S.
“From 75 to 80% of the weapons seized in the commission of a crime in Mexico, those were weapons bought in the United States and were illegally trafficked into Mexico,” said Barcelo.
Court records reveal the magnitude of executed search warrants linked to the Monarrez Drug Trafficking Organization.
Phoenix take down seizure
In 2023, authorities searched nine Phoenix locations, seizing 27 kilograms of fentanyl pills, seven and a half kilograms of fentanyl powder, nearly 50 pounds of meth, 12 firearms and more than $200,000 in cash.
Seattle take down seizure
At the same time in Seattle, five search warrants led to the seizure of 27 kilograms of fentanyl pills, 14 firearms and nearly $400,000.
Pills hidden in supplement bottles seized in a flight from Phoenix to Minneapolis in 2022
This seizure happened in 2022 after investigators learned a passenger on a commercial flight from Phoenix to Minneapolis was in contact with members of the Monarrez DTO.
Just weeks later in another alleged smuggling attempt from Phoenix to Minneapolis, authorities seized two protein tubs of fentanyl pills, weighing 20 kilograms, also linked to the Monarrez organization.
“The organized crime has taken so many lives in Mexico and I think from the public opinion point of view in the United States, it’s only the drugs that are the priority. But you cannot tackle the drug trafficking if you don’t tackle, also, the illegal trafficking of weapons from the United States,” says Barcelo.
It doesn’t stop behind bars
The DOJ says while Monarrez Jr. was in prison in the Western District of Pennsylvania, he used contraband cell phones to communicate with other co-conspirators on the outside and orchestrate the distribution of 500,000 fentanyl pills throughout the nation.
Marcos Sr. was arrested by Chandler Police in November 2023 on drug and money laundering charges.
Out of the 35 defendants, five have taken plea deals and four of them have been sentenced.
Oz says Arizona is ground zero for drug trafficking here in Arizona, impacting so many families across the state.
‘We watched her die’
“I miss her so much every day. I miss her laugh. She was very sarcastic. She was always laughing, always making jokes. And she was just super fun. She just lit up everybody’s life,” says Danya Ayers, the mother of Hannah Pairrett.
Ayers doesn’t miss a chance to tell her daughter’s story because she’s no longer here.
In June 2019, she warned her 16-year-old daughter about the dangers of buying pills off the street.
“She actually said ‘I would never be stupid enough,’ which were her words. ‘I’m not stupid enough to go out and buy something if I don’t. I’m not going to do that because I know better,’” said Danya.
But Hannah ultimately bought what she believed were three Adderall pills. An hour later, Hannah overdosed and was rushed to Phoenix Children’s Hospital.
Danya remembers seeing her daughter in the ICU.
“And if she does make it, it would be a miracle, and she would not be the same person because she would have been severely brain-damaged because of how long she was down for,” Danya said.
The pill Hannah took was laced with fentanyl. Her death was one of 1,294 fatal opioid overdoses in Arizona in 2019.
“We watched her die,” says Danya.
For Danya, the repercussions of one drug sale changed her family’s life.
In November 2023, Michael Allen Fox was sentenced to six years in prison for the distribution of fentanyl that caused Hannah Pairrett’s death.
Fox is not linked to the Monarrez DTO.
“There’s a little bit of closure because he did get sentenced, and he is in prison now. But the sentencing was only six years. So, we don’t feel like that was the justice that she deserved,” says Danya.
Meanwhile, the DEA says fentanyl seizures in Arizona have started to decline.
“We have a ton of fentanyl that’s coming into the United States. However, I’m happy to say that our numbers are plateauing and even going down just slightly,” says Oz.
Danya makes it her mission to educate parents about the fears of fentanyl and to watch out for the signs before it’s too late.
“To watch your child die or to hear that your child is gone. Nobody, you don’t want that. Nobody wants that,” she says. “So that’s what I really want to try to get out there is you never forget. It never goes away. And it never stops hurting to lose your child like that.”
As for the Kingpin Statute, te sentence for a conviction carries a mandatory minimum of 20 years in prison and a maximum of life in prison.
Only a handful of Americans have been charged with that statute.
Arizona
Oldest US firearm unearthed in Arizona, a bronze cannon linked to Coronado expedition
Independent researchers in Arizona have unearthed a bronze cannon linked to the Vázquez de Coronado expedition, making it the oldest firearm ever found in the continental United States. The discovery sheds new light on the artillery used during the 1539–1542 expedition into the American Southwest.
In the early 16th century, reports of wealthy cities north of Mexico sparked Spanish interest in further exploration. Inspired by the accounts of past conquistador raids and tales of the Seven Cities of Cíbola relayed by Fray Marcos de Niza, Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza organized an expedition led by Francisco Vázquez de Coronado in 1539.
Coronado, who mortgaged his wife’s possessions and borrowed heavily for the excursion, went in search of these legendary cities in hopes of stealing gold and precious stones, claiming land and enslaving large populations for forced labor.
With 150 mounted soldiers, 200 infantrymen, and hundreds of native recruits, the expedition would ultimately face disappointment when the cities did not match the grandeur described. Instead of finding riches or large populations to enslave, the armed force mostly looted blankets and pottery from small Pueblo communities in the Southwest before turning back when they reached the Great Plains of Kansas.
In the study, “Coronado’s Cannon: A 1539–42 Coronado Expedition Cannon Discovered in Arizona,” published in the International Journal of Historical Archaeology, the team details a bronze cannon found at an excavation site in the Santa Cruz Valley of Arizona and how they connect it to Francisco Vázquez de Coronado.
The cannon was found on the floor of a Spanish stone-and-adobe structure, dated to the Coronado era using radiocarbon dating and optically stimulated luminescence techniques. Other artifacts recovered from the site align with the expedition, including European pottery and olive jar sherds, glass shards, and weapon parts.
Sometimes referred to as a wall gun, the unearthed cannon was an early type of firearm requiring two people to operate. Designed primarily for use along fortification walls, the expedition reportedly utilized them as an offensive weapon to breach wooden or light adobe walls of domestic dwellings in the cities they encountered.
Measuring 42 inches in length and weighing about 40 pounds, the cannon type would typically make use of a large wooden tripod. It shows evidence of being sand-cast with three sprue marks along the bottom axis and four iron pins used in the casting process. The plain and unadorned casting design suggests it may have been cast in Mexico or the Caribbean rather than Spain, where a more decorative approach was common.
It is also suggested that the cannon could have been purchased from a previous Spanish expedition, possibly even from Ponce de León. The cannon was found unloaded and shows no evidence of use in the battle, raising questions about why it was left behind.
Historical accounts indicate that the local Sobaipuri O’odham people attacked the settlement, leading to the Spaniards retreating from the area. Clusters of lead shot and distinctive Sobaipuri arrowheads at the site reinforce the narrative of a confrontation.
This discovery provides the first known firearm from the Coronado expedition and offers insights into early Spanish-Native American interactions in the Southwest. Further analyses are planned to determine the gun’s exact origins and study other site artifacts.
More information:
Deni J. Seymour et al, Coronado’s Cannon: A 1539-42 Coronado Expedition Cannon Discovered in Arizona, International Journal of Historical Archaeology (2024). DOI: 10.1007/s10761-024-00761-7
© 2024 Science X Network
Citation:
Oldest US firearm unearthed in Arizona, a bronze cannon linked to Coronado expedition (2024, November 25)
retrieved 25 November 2024
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