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Alaska mine value tops $4 billion in 2023

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Alaska mine value tops  billion in 2023


At a value of $1.5 billion, zinc held onto its throne as the most valuable metal produced in Alaska during 2023. With production forecasts and price trends headed in opposite directions for zinc and gold, however, the gleaming precious metal that drew fortune-seekers North at the turn of the 20th century could soon regain the crown as the most valued metal produced in the 49th State.

According to preliminary calculations completed by Alaska’s Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS), the total value of metals produced at Alaska mines was approximately $3.76 billion during 2023. When you include sand and gravel mining for the construction sector, that value bumps up to around $4.1 billion, according to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).

When you add in the coal produced for in-state power plants, the total value of all the materials extracted from Alaska mining operations during 2023 comes in at around $4.25 billion.

In addition to a solid year of production from Alaska’s one coal, seven hardrock metal, and 145 placer gold mines, mineral exploration spending continued to be strong across the Far North State remained strong during 2023.

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Dave Szumigala, a mineral resources geologist at DGGS, informed attendees of an Alaska mining sector overview at the AME Roundup mining convention that roughly $230 million was spent at around 50 mineral exploration projects across the state last year.

According to preliminary data compiled by DGGS, nearly half of the 2023 mineral exploration spending was invested in discovering and expanding gold deposits, making the precious metal the top mineral commodity sought in Alaska.

Polymetallic volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits, such as those being mined at Hecla Mining Company’s Greens Creek Mine on the Southeast Panhandle and Ambler Metals’ Arctic mine project in Northwest Alaska, were also popular exploration targets in the state last year.

While the exploration for new sources of the minerals and metals needed for the lithium-ion batteries powering electric vehicles has not yet been as pronounced in Alaska as many of the other mining jurisdictions around the world, the search for graphite, nickel, and cobalt accounted for roughly 8% of exploration spending last year. Battery mineral exploration spending is expected to continue to rise as current projects expand and new projects emerge over the next couple of years.

Globally significant zinc output

Due in large part to the high-grade deposits at Teck Resources Ltd.’s Red Dog Mine in Northwest Alaska, zinc continues to be the top commodity mined in the state.

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During 2023, Red Dog produced 539,800 metric tons (1.19 billion pounds) of zinc, which accounts for 4.5% of the 12 billion metric tons of all the zinc mined on Earth last year.

When you add in the 47,000 metric tons (103.6 million lb) produced as a byproduct at the Greens Creek silver mine, Alaska operations accounted for around 5% of the global supply of zinc, a metal considered critical to the U.S.

Alaska’s share of the global zinc supply, however, could begin to slip as ore grades decline at the 35-year-old Red Dog Mine over the coming years.

“Over the next three years, production is expected to decrease due to declining grades at Red Dog,” Teck Resources CFO Crystal Prystai informed analysts and investors on Feb. 22.

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Alaska Industrial Development and Export Authority

Red Dog delivered concentrates containing 155,300 metric tons of zinc and 25,400 metric tons of lead to the Delong Mountain Transportation System port during the fourth quarter of 2023.

While the 2024 zinc output at Red Dog is expected to remain on par with 2023 levels, Teck is forecasting a roughly 30% drop to around 382,500 metric tons (843 million lb) by 2027.

As of the beginning of 2023, Red Dog hosted 38.5 million metric tons of proven and probable reserves averaging 12.4% (4.03 million metric tons) of zinc, 3.6% (670,000 metric tons) of lead, and 66.2 grams per metric ton (81.9 million oz) silver.

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This is enough ore to keep Red Dog in operation until 2031.

Teck’s Aktigiruq, Anarraaq, and Lik deposits on state lands roughly 10 miles northwest of the current Red Dog operations could provide future supplies of high-grade ore to the Red Dog mill.

Aktigiruq and Anarraaq are large deposits on lands held by Teck with grades on par with what is currently being mined at Red Dog.

Lik, which is being explored under a 50-50 partnership with Solitario Zinc Corp., hosts 17.6 million metric tons of potentially open-pit mineable indicated resource averaging 8.1% zinc, 2.7% lead, and 50.1 grams per metric ton silver; plus 2.8 million metric tons of inferred resource at 8.6% zinc, 2.7% lead, and 38.9 g/t silver.

Combined, these deposits have the potential to provide the Red Dog mill with ore for several more decades at current production rates.

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To ensure Red Dog remains a globally significant source of zinc, Teck is carrying out extensive exploration across the district.

Nearly 1 million oz gold per year

Falling zinc output from Red Dog opens the door for gold to be crowned as the most valuable metal mined in Alaska. Thanks to strong prices and rising production profiles at Alaska’s largest gold mines, this precious metal could take the throne before zinc production falls.

During 2023, Alaska’s hardrock and placer mines produced approximately 728,000 oz of gold in 2023. At the $1,940/oz average price during 2023, this puts the value of the gold produced in the state at around $1.4 billion, which is only a touch under the value of zinc produced at Red Dog and Greens Creek.

So far in 2024, the price for an ounce of gold has held above $2,000. While continued strength in the price of this precious metal would bolster the value of Alaska gold output this year, it is an expected increase in the number of ounces that could unseat zinc.

The largest gold producer in Alaska, Kinross Gold Corp.’s Fort Knox Mine, could also be the biggest contributor to gold production growth in the state in 2024 and beyond.

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Last year, the iconic mine about 20 miles northeast of Fairbanks produced 290,651 oz of gold, edging out the 259,573 oz produced at Northern Star Resources Ltd.’s Pogo Mine about 90 miles southeast of Alaska’s Golden Heart City.

The gold output from Fort Knox is expected to get a major boost from the much higher-grade ore being delivered from Manh Choh, a mine about 200 miles southeast of Fort Knox that is being developed under a partnership between Kinross (70%) and Contango Ore Inc. (30%).

Going into 2024, Manh Choh hosted 4.1 million metric tons of proven and probable reserves averaging 7.6 g/t (1 million oz) gold and 13.5 g/t (1.8 million oz) silver, which is an order of magnitude higher gold grade than the ore currently being fed into the Kinross Alaska Mill at Fort Knox.

Kinross reports that the development of Manh Choh is essentially complete, and ore is being trucked the roughly 250 road-miles to Fort Knox.

“In Alaska, construction of the Manh Choh project is essentially complete and is on budget and on schedule for initial high-grade production in the second half of the year,” said Kinross Gold President and CEO Paul Rollinson.

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With the higher-grade ore from Manh Choh, the annual production at Fort Knox is expected to increase to nearly half a million oz over the coming five years.

While not as steep a rise, Northern Star is anticipating more gold output from Pogo.

Since completing an expansion of the Pogo mill to 1.3 million metric tons per year in 2022, Northern Star has been working to ramp up the annual gold production at the high-grade underground mine to 300,000 oz.

Reaching this gold production target is premised on feeding ore through the mill at around its nameplate capacity of 325,000 metric tons per quarter and improving the grade of ore being processed.

Aside from the first three months of 2023, which was impacted by a six-week shutdown of the mill for repairs, the mill at Pogo ran near or above its nameplate capacity during 2023.

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“So, lifting that average grade up is where we’re going to get that uplift in the revenue,” Northern Star Resources Managing Director Stuart Tonkin told analysts and investors during a Jan. 23 call.

The expected increases in gold production at Fort Knox and Pogo, along with steady output from the Kensington, Greens Creek, Dawson, and roughly 145 placer mines, could elevate Alaska’s gold output to the realm of 1 million oz per year by 2025.

Slide showing data from 2023 mining and exploration in Alaska during 2023.

Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys

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North America’s largest silver mine

While the roughly $381.4 million of silver recovered at Alaska mines during 2023 pales in comparison to the value of zinc and gold produced in the state, the Greens Creek Mine near Juneau is the largest primary silver mine in North America and one of the biggest in the world.

“Greens Creek is a premier silver mine,” said Hecla Mining President and CEO Phillips Baker, Jr. “It’s actually the 11th largest in the world, and I just want to congratulate the team on delivering excellent and consistent results and giving it a great future, because this is truly a world-class asset.”

This world-class mine about 20 miles south of Alaska’s capital accounted for 9.7 million of the approximately 16.3 million oz of silver produced in the state last year. The balance was produced as a byproduct at Red Dog.

The silver-forward Greens Creek and zinc-forward Red Dog mines also produced a combined 113,000 metric tons (249 million lb) of lead as a byproduct last year. Roughly 93.5 million metric tons (206.1 million lb) of this lead was recovered at Red Dog, with the balance coming from Greens Creek.

Going into 2024, Greens Creek hosted 10.02 million tons of proven and probable reserves averaging 10.05 ounces per ton (105.2 million oz) silver, 0.09 oz/t (881,000 oz) gold, 6.6% (1.32 billion lb) zinc, and 2.5% (501.2 million lb) lead.

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This is enough to keep North America’s largest producing silver mine in operation for roughly 14 years at 2023 mill throughput rates – and Hecla keeps finding more ore.

“When Greens Creek started, the mine had a mine plan of seven years and now 37 years later, the mine plan is 14 years,” Baker informed investors and analysts on Feb. 15. “This past year’s underground exploration had good success in seven of the eight zones drilled with four of those zones in the fourth quarter.”

In addition to adding underground silver reserves, Hecla is revisiting the critical minerals potential it has been stockpiling on the surface over the past 37 years.

In addition to silver, zinc, lead, and gold, Greens Creek ore is enriched with at least seven critical minerals – antimony, arsenic, barite, bismuth, gallium, germanium, and indium.

During a Nov. 8 keynote presentation at the Alaska Miners Association convention in Anchorage, Baker said the tailings at Greens Creek contain an estimated $3 billion worth of metals, including “lots of critical minerals that you don’t really think of” during initial mining.

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Hecla is currently studying the viability of transporting these tailings contained within a dry-stack storage facility on Admiralty Island to an off-site location for reprocessing.

In addition to offering a domestic source of critical minerals, this idea would lessen Green Creek’s environmental footprint on the Southeast Alaska island where the world-class silver mine is located.

Interior Alaska energy mine

Alaska’s oldest continuously operating mine does not produce gold, zinc, or silver. Instead, this operation about 115 miles south of Fairbanks provides the coal that keeps the lights and heat on during the long, cold, and dark winter nights in the state’s Interior region.

Established in 1943 to provide coal to U.S. military installations in Interior Alaska, Usibelli Coal Mine (UCM) has grown into a family-owned enterprise that delivers roughly 1 million tons of fuel to six Interior Alaska power plants.

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Aerial view of very large dragline at Usibelli Coal Mine in Alaska.

Usibelli Coal Mine

Usibelli Coal Mine delivers roughly 1 million tons of fuel to six Interior Alaska powerplants per year.

One of these things that Usibelli is most proud of is the exceptional safety record of the more than 100 workers that deliver this coal.

In early September, UCM celebrated 1,000 consecutive days without a lost time accident.

“This achievement reflects our commitment to safety as a core value and the foundation of our company culture,” said Usibelli Coal Mine President Joe Usibelli Jr. “Every team member is accountable for their safety and the safety of their fellow coal miners.”

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Like many other coal deposits around the nation, the coal seams on UCM’s properties are enriched with rare earths, germanium, and other critical minerals.

Looking for value-added opportunities, UCM is investigating the potential to recover these critical minerals from materials above and between the coal seams, coal that is not of high enough quality for power generation, and ash from a power plant at the mouth of the mine.

Whether producing coal or exploring the Interior Alaska project’s critical minerals potential, UCM is continuously investing in advanced technologies and best practices to ensure its operations align with the highest environmental standards.

“Beyond our commitment to safety, we also recognize our responsibility to the environment and the communities we serve,” said Joe Usibelli Jr. “We strive to leave a positive legacy for future generations.”

Exploring next-gen Alaska mines

The next generation of Alaska mines will likely be the product of some of the roughly 50 mineral exploration projects in the state.

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According to data compiled by DGGS, roughly $230 million was invested in exploring for gold, silver, zinc, copper, graphite, nickel, cobalt, platinum group metals, rare earth elements, and other minerals during 2023.

Graph of the commodities and target types explored in Alaska during 2023.

Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys

While this level of exploration spending is not as high as what was invested in the state 10 to 15 years ago, it is still robust, especially considering that two of the largest mineral exploration projects in recent years scaled back 2023 spending.

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The $9.2 million program carried out last year by Ambler Metals, a 50-50 joint venture between Trilogy Metals Inc. and South32 Ltd., is less than a third the size of the $28.5 million exploration program in 2022.

One of the main reasons for the lower spending from Ambler Metals is from awaiting the U.S. Bureau of Land Management’s decision on the permits for a 211-mile road that would connect its Upper Kobuk Mineral Projects in the Ambler Mining District to Alaska’s highway system and the markets beyond.

BLM pulled previously approved permits for the Ambler Road to ensure that Alaska Native tribes have been properly consulted and impacts to subsistence activities have been thoroughly evaluated. In October, the federal agency published findings of the more thorough review in the form of a supplement environmental impact statement (SEIS).

The federal land manager expects to publish a final SEIS and record of decision on the reevaluated Ambler Road later this year.

Arctic, the first UKMP project slated to become a mine, is expected to produce 1.93 billion lb of copper, 2.24 billion lb of zinc, 334.8 million lb of lead, 423,000 ounces of gold, and 36 million oz of silver over an initial 13 years of mining.

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The only resource drilling in the Ambler District this year was carried out on Valhalla Metals Inc.’s Sun zinc-copper-silver-gold project alongside the route of the proposed Ambler Road.

“If the Biden Administration wants critical metals, we know where to find them!” said Valhalla Metals Chairman Rick Van Nieuwenhuyse.

The other big mineral exploration project to dial back exploration spending in 2023 was Donlin Gold LLC – a 50-50 joint venture between Novagold Resources Inc. and Barrick Gold Corp.

The $34 million program completed by Donlin Gold in 2023 was nearly half the $64 million program carried out the year before. The main reason for this reduction is the smaller scope of work needed to complete an updated feasibility study for the 40-million-oz gold project in Southwest Alaska.

The previous feasibility study, completed in 2011, detailed plans for a mine at Donlin that would produce more than 1 million oz of gold annually over an initial 25 years of mining.

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A growing interest in Alaska’s potential to supply minerals and metals needed for the lithium-ion batteries powering EVs helped offset much of the reduced spending by Ambler Metals and Donlin Gold.

A drill tests for graphite in front of an orange sunset in western Alaska.

Graphite One Inc.

The U.S. Department of Defense is investing $37.5 million for the exploration and other work needed to finalize a feasibility study for establishing a mine at the Graphite Creek project in western Alaska.

In July, the U.S. Department of Defense awarded Graphite One Inc. $37.5 million to help complete a feasibility study for an advanced graphite material supply chain that will begin at the Graphite Creek project about 35 miles north of Nome, Alaska.

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“This Department of Defense grant underscores our confidence in our strategy to build a 100% U.S.-based advanced graphite supply chain – from mining to refining to recycling,” said Graphite One CEO Anthony Huston. “The World Bank Group reports that the production of minerals, including graphite, could increase by nearly 500% by 2050, to meet the growing demand for clean energy technologies.”

While graphite is the single largest ingredient in the lithium batteries for electric vehicles and renewable energy storage, it is not the only critical energy metal being sought in Alaska.

At least two new exploration companies – Alaska Energy Metals Inc. and KoBold Metals scoured promising projects in Alaska’s Wrangellia Terrane for deposits enriched with nickel, cobalt, copper, and other metals critical to the energy transition.

“Alaska Energy Metals is positioning itself to supply domestic markets with a source of critical and strategic metals,” Alaska Energy Metals President and CEO Greg Beischer said upon the early 2023 launch of AEM.

Author Bio

Shane Lasley, Publisher

Author photo

Over his more than 16 years of covering mining and mineral exploration, Shane has become renowned for his ability to report on the sector in a way that is technically sound enough to inform industry insiders while being easy to understand by a wider audience.

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10 Reasons the 2026 Princess Cruises Season Is the Ultimate Alaska Power Move – AOL

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10 Reasons the 2026 Princess Cruises Season Is the Ultimate Alaska Power Move – AOL


Alaska already has glaciers, whales, old gold-rush towns, wild seafood, and mountains. But Princess Cruises is taking the year by storm with something bigger than a standard summer schedule. The line is sending eight ships to Alaska, adding new North-to-Alaska programming, and giving travelers more ways to turn their trip into a full land-and-sea adventure.

Princess Is Going Bigger Than Ever

Credit: Wikimedia Commons

The 2026 Alaska season gives Princess its largest presence in the region to date, with eight ships, 180 departures, and visits to 19 destinations. Travelers are not boxed into a narrow route or one small batch of dates. The ship lineup includes Star Princess, Coral Princess, Royal Princess, Ruby Princess, Grand Princess, Emerald Princess, Discovery Princess, and Island Princess. For anyone comparing Alaska cruise options, that much capacity means more itinerary choices.

Star Princess Gives The Season A New Headliner

Credit: Wikimedia Commons

Star Princess is the newest ship in the Princess fleet. This matters because Alaska cruising can easily feel like a trade-off between destination and ship experience. Princess is putting one of its newest vessels into one of its most important regions. Star Princess also hosts the new Après Sea experience inside The Dome, a high-positioned venue designed around big views.

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Glacier Days Get The Full Main-Event Treatment

Credit: Getty Images

Glacier viewing has always been one of Alaska cruising’s biggest draws, but Princess is giving it extra structure through “The Glacier Experience: A Signature Princess Day.” On select Glacier Bay sailings, guests get close-up glacier views, live narration, and Park Ranger commentary from the bridge and open decks. There are also theater presentations and Junior and Teen Ranger programming. VIP viewing areas and bowfront access add another layer for guests who want the best possible look at the ice.

The Trip Can Extend Deep Into Alaska By Land

Credit: Wikimedia Commons

Princess has long built part of its reputation around cruisetours that combine time at sea with inland travel. A seven-night sailing can deliver a strong Alaska trip in itself. However, inland travel opens the door to scenic train journeys, Princess Wilderness Lodges, and routes to places such as Denali, Kenai, and the Mt. McKinley lodge area. The 2026 season continues to lean into sea-and-land travel.

North To Alaska Makes The Ship Feel Local

Credit: Wikimedia Commons

Princess first introduced its North to Alaska program in 2015, and in 2026, every Princess ship sailing in Alaska will carry the new programming. The whole idea is to bring local culture, food, personalities, and storytelling on board so guests learn something about Alaska between ports. This includes Native Alaskan speakers, naturalists, enrichment presenters, and destination-focused events that connect the trip to the place outside the ship. Names in the speaker series include Tlingit voices, Alaska Native educators, writers, and photographers.

Alaska Seafood Gets A Bigger Seat At The Table

Credit: Wikimedia Commons

Princess is leaning into Alaska’s food identity with “A Taste of The Great Land.” The 2026 specialty restaurant offerings feature sustainably sourced, wild-caught Alaskan seafood created with regional suppliers. Crown Grill offers dishes such as Wild King Salmon, Alaskan Jumbo Lump Crab Cake, and Jumbo Lump Crab paired with Butter-Broiled Lobster Tail. Sabatini’s Italian Trattoria also brings Alaskan fish into an Italian-style setting.

The Entertainment Has Alaska In Its Bones

Credit: Wikimedia Commons

This season also features “Candlelight Concert Series: Fire & Ice,” with Alaska singer-songwriters performing in a candlelit setting twice per voyage. This gives the onboard entertainment a stronger sense of place than a generic music night. Returning favorites add a livelier side, including Great Alaskan Lumberjack Show elements with axe-throwing recruits, trivia, and timber-sports storytelling tied to Ketchikan. Select sailings also feature Deadliest Catch captains and crew members sharing Bering Sea crab-fishing stories. The lineup draws from Alaska’s labor, music, weather, and folklore.

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Families Get More Than A Pretty View

Credit: Tripadvisor

Younger travelers are getting special attention, not a watered-down version of the adult trip. Glacier Bay Junior Rangers let kids complete activity books, attend presentations, and earn a badge and certificate through a partnership with the National Park Service. Gold Rush Adventures pulls families into a shipwide Klondike-style search, while Great Alaskan Expedition offers youth and teens a three-hour team-based experience across land, sea, and air. As puppies in the Piazza also return on ships visiting Skagway, guests get to see Alaskan Huskies and sled-dog culture.

Après Sea Gives Alaska A Stylish Cooldown

Credit: Wikimedia Commons

After a long day outside, Princess is adding a dedicated wind-down ritual through Après Sea. The setup is inspired by après-ski culture. Guests can expect warm drinks, happy hour, and panoramic views after they return from exploring. On Star Princess, the experience is in The Dome, and it provides a strong visual setting at the top of the ship. A relaxed lounge concept gives the evening its own personality, and guests don’t have to jump straight from adventure into dinner.

MedallionClass Keeps The Whole Trip Moving Smoothly

Credit: Wikimedia Commons

Alaska days can get busy fast, with early excursions, glacier viewing, dinner plans, family meetups, and plenty of time spent moving around the ship. The Princess Medallion Class setup helps cut down on small hassles. The wearable Medallion supports contactless boarding, keyless stateroom entry, onboard ordering, contactless payment, ship navigation, and locating travel companions through the app. When the day already includes ports, wildlife, ice, and dinner reservations, fewer friction points onboard can make a real difference.



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Hantavirus outbreak, climate risks from microplastics and Alaska’s surprise tsunami

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Hantavirus outbreak, climate risks from microplastics and Alaska’s surprise tsunami


Rachel Feltman: Happy Monday, listeners! For Scientific American’s Science Quickly, I’m Rachel Feltman. Let’s kick off the week with a quick roundup of some science news you may have missed.

First, you may have seen some headlines last week about an outbreak of hantavirus on a cruise ship. Here to tell us more about what happened is Tanya Lewis, SciAm’s senior desk editor for health and medicine.

Tanya, thanks so much for coming on to walk us through this.


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Tanya Lewis: Yeah, no, thanks so much for having me.

Feltman: Why are we talking about hantavirus and this cruise ship? What happened?

Lewis: Just to catch people up, this outbreak was first noticed about a week ago on a ship called the MV Hondius, which was a cruise ship departing from South America, Argentina. And the people that were sickened and unfortunately passed away, two of those individuals were a married couple who had been traveling—it was a Dutch couple—we think were infected in Argentina and then boarded the ship. And then subsequently, multiple other people have been infected. As of May 7 the number of people on this cruise ship who had been infected with hantavirus was eight people. So that probably could still change.

But you might not have heard of hantavirus before, but it is a virus family that people have been sickened with before, and it’s generally spread by rodents, like rats or mice. And this commonly happens in places where people are exposed to the feces of these animals.

And it causes pretty severe disease. It can cause anything from respiratory distress and fluid in the lungs to some forms of it can be more of, like, a hemorrhagic fever, kind of like Ebola. But the kind that we’re seeing on this cruise ship is more the respiratory kind.

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But yeah, this is a virus that, while it is fairly rare to be infected with it, it’s quite lethal. The estimates of its lethality vary, but anywhere from, like, 30 percent to even 50 percent of people infected have died of it.

Feltman: Right, well, and like you said, it, it’s usually spread through rodent feces. But unfortunately, the specific virus we’re talking about, with regard to this cruise ship, is one of the rare instances where it is technically possible to spread from human to human. Can you tell us a little bit more about that?

Lewis: Basically, these individuals on the ship were thought to be infected by human-to-human transmission. At least, that’s the working hypothesis right now. And the reason has to do with the exposure routes.

As I mentioned two of the people were a married couple, so we’re talking about, like, very close contact. This is not something like SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID, where it’s, like, in the air and wafting around for hours or something. This is something that you would probably need to be, like, breathing very closely, in the same space. And of course, cruise ships are, like, kind of the perfect petri dish for that.

Feltman: Yeah.

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So I think there are two things to talk about. There’s, one, why experts are not immediately super concerned about pandemic potential from this specific thing, but also why it is reasonable that I think so many of us, when seeing this news, went, “Uh-oh. We’re—this is a reminder of public-health paradigms I do not wanna be reminded of.”

So let’s start with the good news: Why are experts not freaking out about this?

Lewis: Yeah, so we have to remember that this is a virus that is very different than a lot of the pathogens that have caused respiratory pandemics in the past. In order for a pathogen to be a major pandemic concern, it needs to be very transmissible, and that is something that we have not yet seen with this hantavirus.

I should say, this particular strain is the only strain that has been shown to transmit human to human; it’s called the Andes strain. Most hantaviruses are not thought to spread that way. So the good news is, it’s kind of rare. The bad news, maybe, is that it does appear to have spread, at least, you know, in a limited way, between people.

But yeah, in terms of why experts are not, like, immediately concerned that this will spark a larger epidemic, I think the reason is just that this type of virus and the way it spreads is not conducive, as far as we know, to that type of outbreak. And it’s also happening in a very contained space, so although there have been reports that several of the people on board the ship have disembarked and we are still following that closely, at this point there is no indication of wider community spread, which is what we call it when people are getting infected who have not had direct exposure to the infected individuals.

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Feltman: Is there any concern that the time that this virus spent, you know, in such a perfect petri dish may have given it the opportunity to mutate and be better at jumping from person to person?

Lewis: I think what virologists would tell you is, like, the more opportunities a virus has to jump between people, the higher the risk of it developing, like, a concerning mutation that makes it more transmissible.

That said, we’re still talking about a relatively small number of individuals. I mean, eight people sounds like a lot, but, you know, when you’re talking about this being very close quarters on a ship, this is not like, oh, you’re walking into a giant city like New York City and infecting everyone around you or something. So I think that is a little bit reassuring, perhaps, at this point.

But that said, we’ve been humbled before, and I think if there’s one lesson we can take from the COVID pandemic, it’s that we shouldn’t panic, but we should definitely pay attention. And at least scientists wanna know and learn more about this virus and understand it better.

Feltman: I think a lot of people are getting a little freaked out by this news. [Laughs.]

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Lewis: Yeah, and I mean, I would be the first to say, like, something like this you hear about, it’s, like, instantly puts you back in that fearful space of 2020. And of course, there was the famous cruise ship, the Diamond Princess, where some of the early COVID cases happened. So that is always concerning.

On the other hand, you know, we have to sort of put it in perspective and remember this is a rare virus and it is something that people have been infected with in the past, so it’s not a completely new virus, unlike SARS-CoV-2, which we had never seen before. So we do have some idea of how this virus works, and while we don’t have any specific treatments for it, we do at least have experts who study it. So that should hopefully give some reassurance that, like, this is not a complete unknown. We are not starting from square one.

Feltman: Thanks for that, Tanya.

Now, listeners, keep in mind we had this conversation on Thursday, May 7. But you can always go to ScientificAmerican.com for more up-to-date science news.

Now for new research on micro- and nanoplastics—but this isn’t the health story you might be expecting. According to a study published last Monday in Nature Climate Change, these tiny bits of broken-down plastic could be contributing to our planet’s warming temperatures.

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For starters, just in case you are blissfully unaware: yes, there are, unfortunately, microplastics in the sky. According to a study published in 2021, some of these particles swirl up into the air from the road, where tires and brakes frequently shed small pieces of plastic.

Now, the idea of microplastics permeating the air and even seeding clouds into existence is creepy enough, in my opinion. But this new study suggests they can also have a warming effect on the atmosphere.

Here’s how that would work: if you’ve ever spent time on a patch of blacktop on a sunny summer day, you know that black material absorbs heat. Conversely, white material reflects heat. The same thing happens when you scatter bits of dark and light plastic into the atmosphere, which is what humanity has inadvertently done quite a bit over the past few decades.

Unfortunately, according to this new study, any cooling effects we might get from light microplastics are probably vastly outweighed by the warming effects of dark microplastics. While the estimated effect is a small percentage of the warming fueled by soot from coal power plants, the results are still worrying.

As Jackie Flynn Mogenson reported for SciAm last week, we don’t actually know the concentration of micro- and nanoplastics currently in our atmosphere. But the authors of the new study argue that global climate assessments should do more to factor in these tiny plastic bits. And their findings serve as a great reminder that when we talk about the downsides of plastic, we should recognize that there may be impacts far less concrete and obvious than creating growing piles of trash in landfills.

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Now I’ll turn the mic over briefly to SciAm’s chief newsletter editor, Andrea Gawrylewski. She’s gonna tell us about the science behind a tsunami that caught Alaska by surprise.

Andrea Gawrylewski: Thanks, Rachel.

Last summer, in August, a small cruise boat called the David B spent the night in an inlet about 50 miles from Juneau, Alaska. They were supposed to be at anchor nearer to Juneau in this beautiful fjord called Tracy Arm, but bad weather had forced them to pick another place to stay. And it turns out that detour may have saved their lives.

In the morning, from where they were anchored, the boat’s owners noticed seawater rolling over the nearby [sandbar] and shoreline. It was weird because the tide was supposed to be out at that time, and they had no idea why the water was so high.

When scientists heard about the strange sea-level rise, they began examining seismic data, they looked at aerial footage and satellite images, and determined that a massive landslide had occurred at the top of the Tracy Arm fjord.

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So what had happened?

The South Sawyer Glacier at the top of Tracy Arm has been steadily shrinking and retreating for the last 25 years. In the spring and summer of last year the ice retreated inland several hundred feet, exposing so much bare rock that it ultimately caused a landslide.

That big slide hit the water and sent a tsunami racing through the fjord—like, so much water that the tsunami surged more than 1,500 feet up the sides of the fjord and sloshed back and forth, like in a bathtub.

That event also produced a seismic signal equivalent to a magnitude 5.4 earthquake. Scientists found smaller seismic events in the data that had occurred at least 24 hours before the big one, and they were increasing exponentially in intensity in the six hours before the landslide.

So now the question is: Could these early seismic signals be used as a warning system? One scientist at the Alaska Earthquake Center has been testing a landslide detection algorithm, and so far it’s detected 35 landslides in near real time. Sending out warnings within three to four minutes of big events could make all the difference to people who live in the area, so scientists are working to improve tools like these.

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Feltman: That’s all for this week’s science news roundup. We’ll be back on Wednesday to talk all about protein. Why is it everywhere all of a sudden? We’ll cut through the hype so you can just enjoy your tofu in peace.

Science Quickly is produced by me, Rachel Feltman, along with Fonda Mwangi, Sushmita Pathak and Jeff DelViscio. This episode was edited by Alex Sugiura. Shayna Posses and Aaron Shattuck fact-check our show. Our theme music was composed by Dominic Smith. Subscribe to Scientific American for more up-to-date and in-depth science news.

For Scientific American, this is Rachel Feltman. Have a great week!



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Opinion: The cost of waiting on Alaska LNG is already showing up

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Opinion: The cost of waiting on Alaska LNG is already showing up


Downtown Anchorage, Alaska, is dwarfed by the snowy Chugach Mountains and fronted by an ice-choked Cook Inlet on Monday, March 11, 2024. (AP Photo/Mark Thiessen)

As former mayors of Anchorage, we each had the responsibility of leading Alaska’s largest city through moments of challenge and opportunity. While our administrations differed in time and approach, one priority remained constant: ensuring that Anchorage and Alaska have access to reliable, affordable energy.

Energy keeps our homes warm through long winters, powers our schools and hospitals, and fuels the businesses that employ our neighbors. It literally fuels every aspect of our economy and our quality of life. When energy becomes uncertain or unaffordable, the consequences are felt immediately by families, employers and communities across the state.

Today, Alaska faces a generational energy challenge. Cook Inlet natural gas production has been declining for decades. Like the frog in a pot on the stove, the problem around us has slowly grown but is about to reach a raging boil. Declining supplies of inexpensive Cook Inlet gas, rising demand and a lack of long-term certainty jeopardize the stability we rely on. Without action — right now — we will lose control over energy costs and availability.

We have faced moments like this before. During his tenure as mayor, Dan Sullivan recognized early the urgency created by declining Cook Inlet gas production. He convened an Energy Task Force that brought together industry leaders, policymakers and stakeholders to confront the issue directly. That work helped lay the foundation for the Cook Inlet Recovery Act, which the Legislature passed quickly to spur new investment and extend the life of the basin. It showed what is possible when Alaska acts with focus and urgency. It also showed the legislature can move fast when aligned on policy.

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This is not a new conversation. For years, studies commissioned by both the Alaska Legislature and multiple administrations have identified the need to modernize Alaska’s tax structure and energy policies to remain competitive for large-scale investment and infrastructure projects. Again and again, those reviews reached the same conclusion: If Alaska wants to attract and keep transformational projects, the state must provide a stable, competitive framework that reflects the realities of modern energy development.

The Alaska LNG project is the only viable path to meet that need. It would deliver a stable, long-term supply of natural gas to Southcentral Alaska, helping ensure that homes, schools and businesses have dependable energy at predictable prices. It would also create jobs, strengthen the economy and generate revenue that supports essential public services.

For Anchorage and the entire Southcentral region, the stakes could not be higher. As the economic center of the state, Anchorage depends on dependable energy to sustain growth and opportunity. Utilities, employers and families all need certainty to plan ahead.

If the Legislature fails to pass meaningful property tax reform for Alaska LNG, this opportunity will slip away like other projects have done. Alaska’s property tax system was not designed for a megaproject like Alaska LNG. Because of that, tax reform legislation was introduced in March that will lower our energy bills and speed the delivery of natural gas from the North Slope. Our legislators must act quickly on a targeted solution and avoid making changes that raise energy costs or slow this project. Otherwise, Anchorage and all Southcentral Alaska will be forced to rely on imported gas for decades.

That outcome exposes us to higher and more volatile costs, shrinks our economy, prevents job growth and sends billions of dollars out of state.

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Every day of delay increases that risk. As our electric and gas bills made clear this winter, costs are already rising. Without fast action, consumers should be prepared for increases of 30% to 40% or more. Our state will become an even harder place to start a family or a business.

A project of this scale requires careful consideration and responsible decision-making. But waiting carries its own consequences. The longer Alaska delays, the fewer options remain and the more expensive those options become.

As former mayors of Anchorage, we each had unique approaches to problem-solving. But now we speak with one voice: State leaders and legislators must act with urgency and purpose to enact tax changes that propel this project and unlock the revenue, economic, energy security and other benefits from our North Slope natural gas. Decisions now will shape the state’s economic future for generations.

George Wuerch (Anchorage mayor from 2000-2003) previously served as governmental affairs manager for the Northwest Alaskan Gasline, was founder/president of Fluor Daniel Alaska Engineering and served as vice president of corporate affairs for Alyeska Pipeline Service Co.

Mark Begich (Anchorage mayor from 2003-2009 and U.S. senator from 2009-2015) is a strategic consulting adviser hired by Gov. Dunleavy’s office to help advance the Alaska LNG project.

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Dan Sullivan (Anchorage mayor from 2009-2015) previously served on the Regulatory Commission of Alaska and the Alaska Natural Gas Development Authority board.

Dave Bronson (Anchorage mayor from 2021-2024) is a candidate for governor of Alaska.

• • •

The Anchorage Daily News welcomes a broad range of viewpoints. To submit a piece for consideration, email commentary(at)adn.com. Send submissions shorter than 200 words to letters@adn.com or click here to submit via any web browser. Read our full guidelines for letters and commentaries here.





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