West Virginia
West Virginia's northern panhandle was once prime U.S. sheep country
WHEELING, W.Va. — West Virginia may best be known for its vast mountain forests, but its northern panhandle was once a grassland clipped low by sheep.
Part of the vast Ohio market area, which includes much of Ohio and western Pennsylvania, the four northern panhandle counties—Brooke, Marshall, Hancock, and Ohio—produced more wool than all other counties combined.
The panhandle was then part of the largest sheep-growing regions in the U.S. in the 1800s — part of the massive Ohio wool market, which exceeded the Hudson Valley and western New York markets in size.
Sheep had long been an important part of life on highland farms. Although West Virginians who lived in the mountains never ate much mutton, they raised sheep principally for wool. But in the valley and low ridge along the Ohio River, wool production was chiefly commercial, and vast sheep farms
However, making wool in the mountains instead of the valleys was somewhat different, according to the late historian Jim Comstock.
The chief incentive for raising sheep in the state was traditionally to produce wool for home use. In the mountains, women prepared it for home use by carding and spinning it into yarn to make clothing. But in the valley areas, wool was being grown for commercial processing—notably in the Ohio Valley region and in its northern extent in the state’s northern panhandle.
In the mountains, however, the old-time breed of sheep was tiny and weighed little more than 40 pounds, but it was hardy, adapted to spending most of its time in the woods, returning home only occasionally to get salt and a little grain.
In autumn, the farmer’s family would round up the herd, bringing it down to a field near the farm where hay or fodder would be available when snow covered the ground.
According to historian Jim Comstock, highland shepherding differed from lowland practices, which were much more pastoral.
“The usual practice was to fence a haystack so the sheep could not get at it and periodically to remove hay from it and spread it on the ground for the animals’ convenience,” he wrote.
To identify their sheep, mountain farmers would cut notches in their ears. Each farmer had a different shape notch used for his animals only. Every other farmer in the area recognized these as identifying marks.
A few rams were kept with the sheep to ensure the maintenance of the flock. One ram for about 20 ewes was an average number, though it was not rigid. Occasionally, a young ram might be castrated and raised for meat. Rams fixed in this way were called “wethers.”
“Unlike farmers in European countries,” Comstock said, “West Virginia mountaineers never attempted to salt or cure mutton, claiming that the salt would spoil the meat, so, once slaughtered, a lamb or wether had to be eaten quickly.”
The most challenging time for a farmer keeping sheep was in the early spring when “lambin’ time” occurred. The old-fashioned mountain sheep usually bore their young without trouble and began to nurse them almost immediately, but when improved sheep became famous in later years, there were problems.
Sometimes, a ewe would disown her lamb and refuse to feed it. In such cases, the farmer’s family would have to take over with a bottle. Or a ewe who lost her lamb might be given an orphan and persuaded to nurse it, but this was often impossible as sheep do not like to accept offspring that are not their own.
Shearing time was in the spring, and if enough wool grew over the summer months, shearing might be repeated in autumn. Sheep were sheared by hand in the old days. An experienced shearer could shear about 40 animals in a day.
Modern sheep raisers can strip the wool off a sheep with an electric shearer in about three minutes. A large mountain sheep would yield about a pound or two pounds of wool, compared with six to eight pounds for modern “improved” sheep.
One problem with keeping sheep was their lack of ability to defend themselves. Bobcats and even foxes would kill lambs, and packs of wolves and wild dogs would kill whole flocks.
“Once in a while,” Comstock wrote, “a domestic dog would become a sheep-killer, and it was said that when a dog got started in this way, there was no means of stopping him from killing.”
Other problems mountain sheep suffered included ticks, worms, milk sickness, and other diseases, but they were generally remarkably healthy.
Today, sheep are raised across the state, though its top-producing counties are Pendleton, Greenbrier, Preston, Randolph, and Pocahontas, according to the West Virginia Department of Agriculture. In 2018, more than 32,000 heads were counted, an inventory value of $5.9 million.
Sign up to receive a FREE copy of West Virginia Explorer Magazine in your email twice weekly. Sign me up!
Advertisement
West Virginia
Months of mudslinging is almost over – WV MetroNews
It’s almost over!
That seems to be the dominant feeling swirling around the 2026 Republican Primary.
Almost to a man (or woman), people I have spoken to about this primary have all expressed the same sentiment – they can’t wait until it is over.
That is not that unusual to hear from the candidates, the media covering the election, or your average resident. Running for office is difficult. Campaigning can be exhausting. Meanwhile, voters have grown weary of the advertisements invading their social media, mailboxes, televisions, and radio.
This is especially true this year, in what has become one of the most contentious and expensive primary elections anyone can remember. That is certainly true for a Republican Party that has had the majority in both chambers of the legislature since 2014.
As of May 8, seven Political Action Committees had poured $4.97million into the legislative primary races. Most of that money came from PACs associated with Governor Patrick Morrisey and funded by out-of-state interests.
Morrisey-associated PACs have spent nearly $3 million on legislative races, flooding voters with campaign material, often attacking their political opponents.
The attacks being levied in the ads would lead you to believe West Virginia voters were at a crossroads, forced to pick between a staunch conservative and a radical liberal. One mailer that stood out informed me that this particular candidate “will have my back” when the radical left comes for my guns.
Good to know.
I just wish someone could tell me who the radical left is in West Virginia and where they are coming from.
Many of the attack ads may be technically true, but lack any context or nuance and mislead the voters. Pointing out a candidate’s record, for instance, opposing Governor Morrisey’s $250 million tax cut plan, is certainly fair game. However, it misleads the voter when that same candidate voted in favor of a $150 million tax cut in the most recent legislative session and previously voted for the largest income tax cut in the state’s history.
With that context, the voter gets a very different perspective of the candidate, a perspective that is purposefully omitted from campaign rhetoric.
The purpose of the mailers and other campaign materials attacking candidates is to motivate supporters to go to the polls. Chris Stirewalt pointed out in a 2022 article he penned for the American Enterprise Institute that the political parties are “very much arranged around the idea of motivation over persuasion.”
He continued to point out that the parties have created an atmosphere that “has pushed previously apathetic voters into action.”
Will it work?
It’s hard to say.
Recent polling by State Navigate looked at several key senate races and determined that most of them are neck and neck battles.
Secretary of State Kris Warner reported that early voting totals were actually about 8 percent higher than early turnout for the last off-year primary in 2022.
At least by this time Wednesday, it will all be over… for now.
West Virginia
West Virginia delegate candidates in Wood County split on top issues, from manufacturing to health care rules
PARKERSBURG, W.Va. (WTAP) – Candidates running for seats in the West Virginia House of Delegates in Wood County say their top priorities if elected range from job creation and workforce development to health care policy changes and infrastructure, as they make their case to voters ahead of the election.
Incumbent Delegate Vernon Criss, a Republican running in House District 12, said jobs would be his top focus, arguing Wood County has been left out of state efforts to attract manufacturing.
“It would be jobs,” Criss said. He pointed to what he described as $340 million available through a high-impact, jobs-related manufacturing fund for companies returning to West Virginia, saying the governor “has refused to use these dollars to help the county.” Criss also cited restoring highway funding and funding for drinking water and sewer projects as priorities.
Criss said he would also push for foster care legislation in the next session, noting the governor vetoed a foster care bill this year that he said would have helped families and relatives caring for children in the system.
In House District 13, Republican candidate Melissa McCrady said her leading priority is repealing the state’s certificate of need program, which she said restricts medical facilities and practices from opening in the state.
“The main issue that I would prioritize is the repeal of the certificate of need,” McCrady said, calling it a program that limits a “free market” approach to health care by requiring approvals before certain services can expand.
McCrady said she would also like to repeal the inventory tax on businesses, which she said makes West Virginia less attractive for economic growth. She also said she supports religious and philosophical vaccine exemptions for children and adults in response to future outbreaks.
On education, McCrady said she wants to give teachers and families more voice in Wood County and reduce what she called burdensome requirements and restrictions placed on classrooms. On jobs and cost of living, she said reducing taxes and regulations and allowing the market to develop would create more opportunity for residents.
Incumbent Delegate Scot Heckert, a Republican running in House District 13, said his top issues include “infrastructure, accountability” and school funding.
“Top issues right now is infrastructure, accountability, for the school funding,” Heckert said. He said policy changes depend in part on what he hears from residents, but added he believes the school aid formula should be reviewed and that traditional public schools, homeschooling and charter schools should be held to the same set of rules.
Heckert said the state needs to do more to support teachers and address long-term retirement funding costs. On jobs and workforce development, Heckert said building a workforce is essential and suggested the state should look at incentives and assistance programs to encourage employment.
Asked about transparency and accountability, Heckert said constituents can contact him directly.
“Any constituent of District 13 can call me anytime,” he said, adding, “You can’t have one without the other.”
Criss and McCrady also emphasized transparency as a priority. Criss said the budget process should remain open to the public, while McCrady said she wants to be accessible through office hours and multiple communication channels.
Candidate for House of Delegates district 12 Charles Hartzog was not available to be interviewed.
Voters in Wood County will choose their delegates in House Districts 12 and 13 in the upcoming election. Details on early voting and Election Day locations are available through the county clerk’s office.
Editor’s note: The video for this story will be added once it airs. Please check back for the updated video.
Copyright 2026 WTAP. All rights reserved.
West Virginia
Former PAAC House residents find hope and housing after sudden closure
Charleston, W.Va. — An abrupt closure at a Charleston recovery home last week left residents searching for a new place to stay, but members of the local recovery community stepped in to help keep many of them on track.
PAAC House closed its doors Friday after funding issues left employees unpaid for nearly a month, displacing 14 residents, many of whom were still in early sobriety.
For former resident John Boso, the closure came after weeks of uncertainty.
“Services started dropping off, we’d have less counseling, less things going on,” Boso said. “And then before we know it, it’s like, you’ve got to find somewhere else to go.”
Caroline Paxton, a founder of the nonprofit True Freedom, said the sudden disruption raised immediate concerns about residents’ stability.
“I think especially in early sobriety, that’s really stressful for anyone. And so our biggest concern was we want to make sure they were able to continue to stay sober and continue on this like recovery journey,” Paxton said.
Paxton and fellow True Freedom founder Michael Paxton said they already knew many of the men through the nonprofit’s meetings. When they learned the residents had just four days’ notice to find new housing, they began working to secure placements — a process that often involves applications, interviews and fees.
They connected with HopeWorks, a recently opened home, and worked to fast-track interviews the next day. HopeWorks Director Catherine Tyler said she fortunately had many beds open and their transition has been smooth so far.
“They’re doing great so far,” said Tyler. “They are already buddies from the PAAC House, and I think that’s going to be really good for them.”
Six of the men were able to stay together, something former residents said has been critical to their recovery.
“It’s awesome that we’re all together,” one resident said. “Brotherhood was the biggest thing we had going for us. That was the only thing we were sure of.”
The men said despite the sudden closure, due to securing placements they have been able to continue attending meetings and focusing on recovery.
Several residents said they feared the disruption could have pushed them backward in their recovery.
“I was hopeless thought I was going to go right back to the life I was living then bam Mike and Caroline to the rescue it was great,” Alden Smith said.
“I thought I had come all this way for nothing,” said Christian Taylor.
Michael Paxton said helping the men find stability has been worth every effort.
“Just to know these guys, know that they’re safe and they have a place they’re loved. You know, they still have another chance at life,” he said.
Those involved encouraged anyone struggling with addiction to reach out to True Freedom.
-
Nebraska4 minutes agoTuesday’s primaries to set up key fall matchups in Nebraska
-
Nevada10 minutes agoSky Pointe sweeps Mojave, to play Desert Oasis for 4A volleyball title — PHOTOS
-
New Hampshire16 minutes agoNot For Granite: New Hampshire Man Isn’t Laughing At Anti-Cyclist Comments From State Elected Official — Streetsblog USA
-
New Jersey22 minutes ago24 hours with 3 teenage birders: Welcome to the World Series of Birding
-
New Mexico28 minutes agoSummerlike heat settles into New Mexico this week
-
North Carolina34 minutes ago
Proposed NC property tax cap, affordable housing exemption set for debate
-
North Dakota40 minutes agoNorth Dakota tourism sites get $4M after music fest declines funds
-
Ohio46 minutes agoMatt Patricia Shares Major Health Update Following Neurosurgeon Visit During Ohio State Offseason Break

