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Tennessee reading law: Less than 1% of third graders held back in 2024

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Tennessee reading law: Less than 1% of third graders held back in 2024


Just 0.88% of Tennessee public school third graders were held back this year under the state’s controversial reading law, despite 60% of the class falling short of a state reading benchmark this spring.

With around 74,000 third graders enrolled in the 2023-24 school year statewide, that works out to 655 students who were retained, according to data from the Tennessee Department of Education. The state reading law took effect last year and led to the retention of 1.2% of third graders in 2023, which came out to 898 students.

The law primarily determines children’s reading proficiency by their English language arts scores on the standardized Tennessee Comprehensive Assessment Program, or TCAP, test.

The 60% who fell short on this year’s TCAP represent roughly 50,000 students. However, that number does not include students who were exempt from being held back. Here are those exemptions, including how many students met them:

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  • 11,468: Students with disabilities or suspected disabilities that may impact their reading
  • 3,511: Students who are English learners with less than two years of English language arts instruction
  • 2,596: Students who were held back in a previous grade
  • 2,345: Students who had other exemptions determined by their local education leaders

Exemptions were up to the districts to sort out. The remaining students had to successfully take one of the state’s many “pathways” to avoid being held back.

Here’s a look at how those students fared.

How Tennessee third graders moved on to fourth grade

Third graders who scored “below” or “approaching” expectations on the English language arts section of the TCAP had several options to avoid being held back.

Retakes were offered to third graders shortly after the spring TCAP. A total of 3,274 made a passing score and moved on to fourth grade. Another 99 students won an appeal because they faced a catastrophic circumstance around the time they took the TCAP.

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Third graders who scored as approaching proficiency had three options to move on to fourth grade. Here’s how many qualified for each one:

  • 1,124: Enrolled in summer school, met 90% attendance and showed adequate growth
  • 7,426: Opted into state-provided tutoring for the entirety of fourth grade
  • 3,262: Scored in the 50th percentile or higher of a state-approved universal reading screener and opted into state-provided tutoring for the entirety of fourth grade
  • 2,895: Won a parent appeal and opted into an academic remediation plan in fourth grade, which includes tutoring

Third graders who scored as below proficiency had one option to move on to fourth grade. Here’s how many qualified:

  • 3,411: Enrolled in summer school, met a 90% attendance rate and opted into state-provided tutoring for the entirety of fourth grade

Students who qualified for tutoring in fourth grade must meet an individualized growth goal by the end of fourth grade. This growth goal does not apply to two groups who opted into tutoring: Those who won an appeal, or those who scored as “approaching” on the third grade TCAP and scored in the 50th percentile or higher on the third grade universal reading screener.

A total of 1,950 third graders who fell short on the spring TCAP either did not enroll again or had data that has not been reported to the state. The data reflects reports from districts as of Sept. 6, according to the state department of education.

How the Tennessee reading law affected fourth graders

Fourth graders who enrolled in yearlong tutoring to avoid being held back in third grade must pass the English language arts section of the TCAP or hit individualized growth goals set by the state. However, the reading law does not mandate that they be held back if they do not meet those goals.

Instead, it requires the student’s parents or legal guardians, principal and English language arts teacher to determine what’s best. They can either decide to retain the child or promote them to fifth grade with state-provided tutoring in place.

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According to the state department of education, here’s how fourth graders enrolled in tutoring this year fared:

  • 5,389: Promoted to fifth grade with tutoring in place
  • 3,996: Met adequate growth goals
  • 1,740: Scored proficient on their spring TCAP English language arts section
  • 132: Retained in fourth grade

A total of 906 fourth graders either did not enroll again or had data that was not reported by their district, according to the state education department.

Where can I learn more?

More information on the third grade reading and retention law from the Tennessee Department of Education can be found at tn.gov/education/learning-acceleration.



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ESPN Defines Tennessee Football's Areas of Opportunity Heading Into 2025 | Rocky Top Insider

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ESPN Defines Tennessee Football's Areas of Opportunity Heading Into 2025 | Rocky Top Insider


Josh Heupel Nico Iamaleava
Tennessee QB Nico Iamaleava and HC Josh Heupel. Photo By Andrew Ferguson/Tennessee Athletics.

It doesn’t take long to flip the page in the world of college football.

Despite the 2024-25 college football season closing down last night with Ohio State’s national championship win over Notre Dame, folks around the industry are already flipping the page to the 2025-2026 season.

Tennessee enters the offseason with a fair number of departures but has also added a handful of nice pieces including Duke running back Star Thomas, Arizona offensive lineman Wendell Moe Jr., and Alabama wide receiver Amari Jefferson. The Vols return some key players such as quarterback Nico Iamaleava and cornerback Jermod McCoy but, like any team, have questions to answer this offseason.

Josh Heupel’s group accomplished a program-first feat by reaching the college football playoffs last season but even with a road loss to the eventual national champions, there’s still work to be done for Tennessee to take that next step – both on and off the field.

ESPN’s Chris Low looks at Tennessee’s road woes as an opportunity for improvement as the Vols head into the 2025 season.

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“The schedule gets a little more difficult with road games at Florida and Alabama, while Georgia comes to Knoxville. The next step for this program is playing better and more consistently on the road against quality teams,” Low wrote for ESPN. “The Vols have lost 22 in a row against top-10 teams on the road. So winning one of two in Gainesville and Tuscaloosa would go a long way toward opening up a pathway to the playoff. But at least nine wins seems realistic, which would be the fourth straight season hitting that mark under Heupel.”

More on RTI: Tennessee Football Falls In Final AP Poll Of 2024-25 Season

As mentioned, Tennessee’s got some big road challenges coming up next fall. That includes at Alabama, at Kentucky, and at Florida as the big three road rivals from the SEC. Alabama and Florida initially present a bigger challenge than Kentucky but the Vols will still need to handle business in Lexington to keep the train moving.

As far as on-the-field conversations go, Low believes that “maintaining that same depth will be key” on the defensive line for Tennessee.

“The Vols’ strength this season was their defensive line,” Low writes. “With some of the top performers and leaders from the unit departing, developing some of the younger ones and keeping that same mindset up front defensively will be vital if the Vols are going to make another playoff run.”

While some of the wind may have been taken out of the sails after the blowout loss to Ohio State, Tennessee still projects to have a Top 20 to Top 15 team in the nation heading into the 2025 season. Excitement from the fanbase will inevitably continue to ramp up throughout the spring and summer, too.

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There are a lot of conversations to be had this offseason but Low presents two solid improvement opportunities for Tennessee to look at in the coming months as the Vols aim to take that next step next fall.

We’ll be having those conversations every week from now until the start of the football season on Aug. 30 in Atlanta against Syracuse. Stay tuned to Rocky Top Insider for more Tennessee news, notes, and coverage throughout the offseason.



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Titans Could Cut Ties With Star Defender

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Titans Could Cut Ties With Star Defender


The Tennessee Titans actually find themselves in a rather solid financial situation heading into the NFL offseason, as they are projected to have around $50 million in cap room.

Still, that does not mean the Titans will not try to trim some salary.

Bleacher Report’s Alex Ballentine ran through a few potential cut candidates for Tennessee, and edge rusher Harold Landry made the list.

“Harold Landry’s nine sacks this season obscured the waning production that more advanced stats show,” Ballentine wrote. “In his second full season back from a torn ACL, Landry actually registered a career-low 9.2 pressure rate, per Sports Info Solutions. His final pre-injury season saw him rack up 62 total pressures as opposed to the 33 he had this season. Those underlying numbers point toward a player who is slowing down.”

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Cutting Landry would save the Titans a hefty $24.9 million in cap room, so it’s certainly possible that this is an avenue they could pursue. There were even rumors back at the trade deadline that Landry could be moved.

As Ballentine noted, Landry posted some impressive surface-level stats this season, racking up 71 tackles, nine sacks and four passes defended. However, he logged a subpar 49.6 pass-rushing grade over at Pro Football Focus, indicating that the veteran may be declining.

The 28-year-old, who played his collegiate football at Boston College, was selected by the Titans in the second round of the 2018 NFL Draft.

It didn’t take Landry long to establish himself as one of Tennessee’s premier defenders, as he posted 68 tackles and nine sacks as soon as his second season.

Landry also made the Pro Bowl in 2021 after racking up 75 stops and 12 sacks, but tore his ACL the following year. He bounced back nicely in 2023, finishing with 70 tackles and 10.5 sacks, but the rebuilding Titans may want to part ways with Landry to save a nice wad of cash.

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Make sure you bookmark Tennessee Titans on SI for the latest news, exclusive interviews, film breakdowns and so much more!



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Harrison Bailey, former Tennessee football quarterback, transfers to Florida

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Harrison Bailey, former Tennessee football quarterback, transfers to Florida


Former Tennessee football quarterback Harrison Bailey is transferring to Florida, he announced Monday.

Bailey is heading for his fourth school. He spent the past two seasons at Louisville after playing for UNLV in the 2022 season after leaving Tennessee in the middle of the 2021 season.

Bailey has completed 63.2% of his passes for 1,190 yards with 10 touchdowns and three interceptions in four seasons across three programs. He capped his Louisville career by starting in a 35-34 win against Washington in the Sun Bowl after starter Tyler Shough opted out. Bailey completed 16 of 25 passes for 164 yards and three touchdowns in the bowl victory.

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He has one season of eligibility left as a graduate transfer and likely is a depth addition for Florida, which returns star freshman DJ Lagway at quarterback.

Harrison Bailey is a former Tennessee football quarterback

Bailey entered the transfer portal in October 2021 after sitting as the third-string quarterback behind Hendon Hooker and Joe Milton in 2021 under coach Josh Heupel. He played in one game in the 2021 season, completing 3 of 7 passes for 16 yards and rushing for a touchdown against Tennessee Tech in September before entering the portal.

The Marietta, Georgia, native started the final three games as a freshman in the 2020 season, which featured a revolving door of quarterbacks under fired Vols coach Jeremy Pruitt. He was 48-for-68 passing for 578 yards and four touchdowns in six games in 2020.

He signed with Tennessee as a four-star recruit and the No. 99 overall prospect in the 2020 class, according to the 247Sports Composite.

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Florida is Harrison Bailey’s fourth school after playing at UNLV and Louisville

Bailey landed at UNLV after leaving Tennessee. He played in six games, with one start, in 2022, completing 30 of 58 passes for 318 yards and two touchdowns. He threw for 209 yards with two touchdowns on 16-for-27 passing in a win over Nevada in the season finale.

He entered the portal again in April 2023 and transferred to Louisville in May 2023.

The 6-foot-5, 230-pound Bailey threw for 278 yards and four touchdowns in two seasons with the Cardinals.

Mike Wilson covers University of Tennessee athletics. Email him at michael.wilson@knoxnews.com and follow him on X @ByMikeWilson or Bluesky @bymikewilson.bsky.social. If you enjoy Mike’s coverage, consider a digital subscription that will allow you access to all of it.

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