Maryland
Bird flu outbreak has reached Maryland: How concerned should we be?
The widening U.S. bird flu outbreak has made its way to Maryland, which has counted two cases on commercial poultry farms—one in Caroline County and another in Queen Anne’s County—since the start of the year.
Health experts say the general public is at little risk of exposure and illness, thus far. While human infections of this H5N1 avian influenza can be deadly, there have been no confirmed cases of human-to-human spread.
“The general public should have very little concern unless they’re involved in what we know are high-risk activities, one being working on poultry farms” and another being drinking raw, unpasteurized milk, said Andy Pekosz, an expert on respiratory viruses and emerging diseases at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
“On the flip side, biologists like myself are very concerned about the situation,” he said. “There have been way too many outbreaks in dairy cow farms. It’s spread across way too many states.”
As of this week, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention counted 67 U.S. cases of bird flu infections in humans since 2024, none in Maryland. One person, a 65-year-old Louisiana man with underlying health conditions, died after he was likely exposed to the virus from wild birds and a non-commercial backyard flock, the Louisiana Department of Health reported earlier this month.
The CDC on Thursday also called on hospitals to test patients they believe may have the bird flu, particularly those in intensive care units.
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services announced earlier this month that it has awarded $306 million to monitor this outbreak and prepare for more human infections. More than half of that will go to regional, state and local programs.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture has confirmed 928 dairy herd infections in 16 states, mostly California. More than 12 million birds also have been affected in the last 30 days, including 54 commercial flocks and 55 backyard flocks, according to the USDA.
For now, Maryland’s dairy cows have not been affected, according to the state Department of Agriculture. Infected commercial chicken farms in the state have culled tens of thousands of infected chickens. They were likely infected by wild, migrating birds, said Jennifer Trout, the Maryland State Veterinarian.
No infected meat or eggs got into the food supply, Trout said.
“I don’t really have the ability to control Mother Nature in the flyway. But luckily for us, we’ve got a really good (disease monitoring) system in place,” she said. “These animals are tested through routine surveillance, pre-harvesting testing.”
How dangerous is the bird flu?
Earlier avian flu outbreaks have proven especially deadly for humans, causing roughly half of the infected to die. This current version of avian flu seems to be less dangerous, causing mild respiratory illness and conjunctivitis, better known as pink eye, according to the CDC.
Other symptoms include coughing, fever, muscle aches and fatigue. Symptoms usually last up to two weeks. More severe cases can cause pneumonia, organ damage, septic shock and death. It’s not clear how long people are contagious, but scientists believe it’s similar to regular, seasonal influenza, according to the CDC.
“To date, there has been only one death in the entire U.S. due to avian flu. For comparison of risk, there are likely to be at least 10,000 deaths due to seasonal influenza in the US this year,” said Dr. George Rust with the Florida State University College of Medicine.
“CDC data show that in Maryland, there have been 141 deaths due to COVID-19 in the past three months.” (The state of Maryland reported 186 COVID-19 deaths between Oct. 14 and Jan. 14, the most current data available.)
Antiviral drugs are the recommended treatment for anyone testing positive for the bird flu.
What’s different about this outbreak?
Human infection by the H5N1 avian flu first emerged a generation ago, though other strains of bird-infecting flu have been recorded for about 150 years. Public health experts say this outbreak is different in that it’s spreading quickly among mammals, which are genetically more similar to humans than birds.
That, they say, could eventually lead to a mutated strain that would allow avian flu to spread among humans. Someone could also be infected by the normal flu and the bird flu at the same time, allowing H5N1 to “swap genes” and create a mutation leading to human-to-human transmission. That would become the next pandemic.
“Should the bird flu virus pick up the capacity to readily infect people, then I’m afraid we would have, once again, a large pandemic with much illness, infections of people who are older and frail and immunocompromised and the very young,” said Dr. William Schaffner, a professor of preventative medicine at Vanderbilt University and one of the nation’s leading experts in infectious diseases.
“That would be followed by a substantial number of deaths but unlikely to be at the 50% level. It would be more like what we see with seasonal flu.”
House pets can get sick or die if they eat a dead or infected bird or drink unpasteurized milk.
How safe is the food supply?
Aside from widespread testing on farms, cooking poultry and eggs to an internal temperature of 165 degrees kills all bacteria and viruses, including the bird flu. The same applies to cooking ground beef to 160 degrees and whole cuts of beef to 145 degrees, according to the CDC.
There are no known cases of people in the United States getting avian flu from eating properly cooked and handled food. Though some cases have emerged in Southeast Asia, likely because of exposure to poultry blood, according to the World Health Organization.
Similarly, pasteurization makes drinking milk safe.
“Pasteurization protects the milk supply from viral contamination, as well as from many other infectious diseases,” said Rust, the FSU College of Medicine professor. “H5N1 virus has been found in high concentrations in milk from infected dairy cattle, so consuming raw milk, or unpasteurized cheese or yogurt, creates unnecessary risk.”
Are there vaccines and treatments?
The United States has stores of vaccines against an earlier variant of the bird flu and is now making more that should be even more effective against the variants currently circulating, Schaffner said. Studies are also underway to develop vaccines that would work in dairy cows, he said.
Seasonal flu vaccines alone are not effective against bird flu, according to the CDC.
“The government is stockpiling millions of doses of a vaccine for avian flu and is funding the development of new mRNA vaccines as well,” Rust said. “We need to maintain a robust public health infrastructure to prevent such outbreaks rather than gearing up after a pandemic has begun.”
2025 Baltimore Sun. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.
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Maryland
Baltimore leaders tout law limiting ICE cooperation, cite new claims of overreach
BALTIMORE (WBFF) — As Baltimore leaders celebrated a new law limiting city cooperation with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) on Thursday, they also shared new accounts alleging federal agents have gone too far.
At a news conference the same day the mayor signed legislation restricting the city’s cooperation with ICE, City Councilman Zeke Cohen described what he said was a troubling incident outside his children’s school.
“ICE was behaving in ways that were unsafe, that caused stress, and trauma, and harm to our communities, so as a result we asked for increase school police presence,” Cohen said.
He added, “I think it’s incredibly ironic we need our own local school police to protect our kids and our families from the federal government.”
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From the floor of the council chambers last month, Councilwoman Odette Ramos described what she said was fear in the community and accused ICE of targeting people based on race.
“Let us call it what it is it’s racism and white supremacy,” Ramos said.
She added, “They wait in parking lots for anyone who is brown. They do not care if you’re a citizen or not, so I’m waiting for my turn obviously.”
Critics have questioned the stories from politicians.
Dr. Richard Vatz, a retired professor of rhetoric, called the city’s approach “utterly irresponsible leadership,” saying, “They ought to think, ‘Who am I helping, who am I hurting?’”
When FOX45 News pressed council members last month on whether they’d witnessed ICE breaking the law in Baltimore, Ramos said, “I have not personally, however, I know that we are now seeing an escalation.”
After Cohen’s account about what happened outside his children’s school, an email was sent to the council president seeking clarification, including: “Did you see the ICE activity yourself and, if so, what was taking place?”
Clarification had not yet been provided.
Sgt. Betsy Branford-Smith, with the National Police Association, said stories of fear put officers at risk too.
“These agents have now been additionally endangered. It’s already dangerous enough,” Smith said.
Maryland
Maryland students react to Canvas data breach
An online learning management system is back online after a cyberattack created chaos for local school districts and colleges in Maryland.
Canvas, an online portal used by students and teachers, and parent company Infrastructure were attacked by hacking group ShinyHunters. The group is tied to several other notable attacks, including the Live Nation hack.
In a statement to CBS News on Friday, Instructure said the company took Canvas offline after learning that hackers had “made changes to the pages that appeared when some students and teachers were logged in.”
The hackers exploited an issue linked to its Free-For-Teacher accounts, the company said.
“As a result, we have made the difficult decision to temporarily shut down our Free-For-Teacher accounts,” the company said. “This gives us the confidence to restore access to Canvas, which is now fully back online and available for use. We regret the inconvenience and concern this may have caused.”
Canvas was also removed from a dark web leak site created by the ransomware group to publish stolen data.
Several school districts in Maryland avoided using Canvas altogether on Friday, including Anne Arundel County Public Schools, Harford County Public Schools, and Howard County Public School System. Baltimore City Public Schools uses the site, but said it had minimal impacts and does not believe the district’s data was stolen.
Baltimore County Public Schools does not use Canvas, and it was not impacted.
Local colleges and universities halted to a standstill in the middle of finals because of the breach. The University of Maryland urged faculty and students not to access the site on Friday morning. By midday, Canvas was fully restored.
Student reaction
Students at Johns Hopkins University say the website was down for about four hours Thursday night. This breach occurred during the middle of finals at the university, and students say that without the site, they didn’t have access to study materials.
“I don’t think I can manage without Canvas,” Aseel Adam, a first-year student at Hopkins, said. “I had a final today, so I was like, ‘Oh no’. I had to email my teacher about the slides final practice. It was bad.”
Students called it a major inconvenience and said they had a late-night studying after Canvas came back online.
“5 pm hits, Canvas is shut down,” Alveena Nasir, a first-year student at Hopkins, said. “I am screwed. I have a final tomorrow. I have no access to any my files. I have no downloads…For that to shut down, I feel like the whole school shuts down.”
Canvas is used by students to review materials, submit assignments, and view their grades. Teachers are also able to communicate with students on the platform.
Students say they also don’t know what data may have been leaked and if it’s their personal information.
“They can get a lot of my information, fake it for someone else, or some bad, heinous crime. It did kind of worry me,” Adam explained.
Preventing future attacks
The Johns Hopkins University Information Security Institute has been testing websites and platforms like Canvas, trying to find vulnerabilities to help prevent these types of attacks. Now, AI is making it easier than ever to take down this kind of system.
“In the old days, usually [it would] take an expert maybe a month to really come up with those complicated attacks. Recently, with the help of AI, [it takes] sometimes maybe one or two days, they can really come up with those complicated attacks,” Yinzhi Cao, technical director of the institute and associate professor of computer science, tells WJZ.
Cao says everyone needs to be more cyber-aware. To protect yourself, don’t give out deeply personal information to online platforms, use two-factor authentication, and even watch out for phishing emails.
Now, students are questioning the school’s reliance on Canvas and how they can be more prepared if there’s an attack in the future.
“The idea that we depend so much on Canvas for a lot of things is also an issue. I think there should be a balance,” Adam said.
“For having a website so fundamental to our education and not being able to protect it, I think there should be some considerations on improving it,” Nasir concluded.
Maryland
How mighty megalodon rose from extinction to be Maryland state shark
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As paleontologist Stephen Godfrey walked into the Calvert Marine Museum one morning in April, staff members congratulated him. In a way, he brought an extinct species back to life.
Two days earlier, in the final hours of Maryland’s legislative session, lawmakers passed a bill that made megalodon — the largest shark that ever lived — the state shark.
Godfrey, the marine museum’s curator of paleontology, helped come up with the idea and testified at the State House in support of it. Now, Maryland is the first to have a state shark, he said.
“As long as people have been here in Maryland, they have been noticing and collecting megalodon teeth,” he said.
Fossils of the prehistoric shark can be found throughout the Chesapeake Bay region.
“It was a prime place for early paleontologists in American history to come to collect fossils, to document the succession of life,” said Godfrey, who grew up in Quebec, Canada. He has been interested in natural history since he was young and turned his childhood bedroom into a museum.
“Hey, why don’t we try to make it the state shark?” Godfrey recalled asking.
Students join in effort to honor the mighty megalodon
He checked whether any other state had beat them to the idea. He found that North Carolina designated the megalodon tooth as its state fossil — but not its state shark.
“It was like, ‘Wow, this is like a golden opportunity,’ ” he said. “I’m surprised that nobody has thought of this.”
So he reached out to Marianne Harms, a former member of the marine museum’s board who had helped get it recognized as the state’s paleontology center. She connected him with Sen. Jack Bailey, R-Calvert and St. Mary’s.
“We just started working on it last summer when I took Stephen in to meet Sen. Bailey, and it is a difficult process to have something named as a state entity,” Harms said.
Bailey introduced the bill in the Senate, and Del. Todd Morgan, R-Calvert and St. Mary’s, introduced it in the House.
Godfrey testified in support of the bill twice, bringing along his daughter, Zoey, who is in third grade.
Calvert County officials and members of the public also wrote letters of support. Representatives of the Natural History Society of Maryland and the Chesapeake Bay Foundation sent in written testimony favoring the bill.
Fourth-grade teacher Anna Shay also shared letters and pictures from her students.
“The megalodon shark is strong and brave so people will think we are also strong and brave,” one student wrote.
Megalodon encounters resistence in Maryland legislature
It faced some pushback from AMndy Ellis, a Green Party candidate for governor, who wanted to designate megalodon as the state historic shark to leave room for a living one to have that designation.
At one point, the bill stalled in the General Assembly. But on the last day of the session, it was tacked on as an amendment to a bill recognizing a state natural sciences museum and Oct. 1 as a day to honor victims and survivors of domestic violence. It passed through both chambers and is on its way to the governor’s desk.
“I can’t believe this actually happened,” said Godfrey, adding that he thought the bill had died.
“To me, it’s like, just one of the super fun things that I’ve been a part of.”
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