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Blind Lemon Jefferson gets the spotlight in a trio of Dallas projects

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Blind Lemon Jefferson gets the spotlight in a trio of Dallas projects


A century before Drake, Adele and Olivia Rodrigo sang their sad songs, Blind Lemon Jefferson showed the world what depression and heartache were really all about.

The first male blues superstar — and arguably the most important musician ever to call Dallas home — Jefferson (1893-1929) was the undisputed “Father of the Texas Blues.”

With his strong, keening tenor voice and buoyant guitar playing, he inspired everyone from B.B. King to Bob Dylan, who both recorded his prophetic “See That My Grave Is Kept Clean.” His lament about poverty, “Match Box Blues,” evolved into “Matchbox,” a hit for Carl Perkins and a single by the Beatles.

Country guitar great Chet Atkins called him “one of my first finger-picking influences.” Even post-punk rockers paid tribute to him, with Nick Cave writing the eerie “Blind Lemon Jefferson” in his honor.

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Yet for all his impact on music, Jefferson is largely forgotten today.

He’s a victim of poor recording technology that makes his crackly songs sound like relics of a bygone era. He’s a phantom, due to the scarcity of facts about his life. As far as anyone knows, Jefferson never gave an interview. Just one photo of him exists.

Alan Govenar’s photo exhibition includes this shot of Shiloh Primitive Baptist Church, at the intersection of FM 1449 and Freestone County Road 1070 in Kirvin, Texas. Blind Lemon Jefferson’s family attended services there when he was a child, and he probably sang in public for the first time at the church.(Alan Govenar)

It’s hard to love a ghost. But Dallas writer-documentarian Alan Govenar and his collaborators hope to change that with a trio of projects that shed new light on the enigmatic singer-songwriter and guitarist.

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  • Seeing a World Blind Lemon Never Saw runs through May 30 at the African American Museum in Fair Park and features 34 large-print color photos by Govenar, many of them taken around Jefferson’s hometown of Wortham, Texas. Phillip Collins curated the exhibit.
  • The local nonprofit Deep Vellum Publishing recently issued See That My Grave Is Kept Clean, a new biography of Jefferson written by Govenar and Maryland-based ethnomusicologist Kip Lornell. Pieced together from decades of research by the authors and others, the biography also features all of the photos in Govenar’s exhibit.
  • On Feb. 25, a revival of Lonesome Blues opens at Club Dada in Deep Ellum. A one-man musical starring J. Dontray Davis as Jefferson, directed by Akin Babatundé, it looks back at the singer’s life in the moments before he died at age 36. Lonesome Blues builds on Babatundé and Govenar’s earlier musical Blind Lemon Blues, which earned critical acclaim in Europe and New York City.

“Years ago, Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright August Wilson told Akin and me that for him, ‘Blind Lemon Jefferson was the voice of Black America at that moment,’” Govenar says in an interview.

“Ultimately, Blind Lemon is a muse to the popular imagination. He’s larger than life. An icon.”

Local playwrights and stories get their due at start of 2022-23 Dallas theater season

Blind at birth, the youngest of seven children, Lemon Henry “Blind Lemon” Jefferson grew up near Wortham, 80 miles southeast of Dallas, a rural area whose isolated beauty Govenar captures nicely in the photo exhibit.

As a teen, in the early 1910s, Jefferson began traveling regularly to Dallas, where he sang and played acoustic guitar for tips near present-day Deep Ellum. He was often accompanied by two protégés: Oak Cliff-raised T-Bone Walker and Louisiana-born Huddie “Lead Belly” Ledbetter, who’d moved to Dallas around 1908, then left and returned a number of times.

“Blind Lemon and I run together for about 18 years around Dallas,” Lead Belly says in his 1947 recording, “Blind Lemon.”

While little is known about Jefferson’s Dallas days, Govenar and Lornell learned that he lived at a boarding house at 1803 S. Preston St., a road that no longer exists, near the present-day “Traveling Man” sculptures on Good-Latimer Expressway in Deep Ellum.

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Jefferson was reportedly gregarious and very independent. But given the racism that pervaded Dallas in the 1920s, he was “vulnerable and no doubt extremely cautious about where he went to perform,” the authors write in See That My Grave Is Kept Clean.

“His virtuosic guitar styling and bellowing voice may have tempted whites on their way to and from work to stop, listen, and possibly flick a nickel or dime in his tin cup. But ultimately, he must have known that he needed to seek refuge in the African-American community of Old North Dallas or in his trek back to his rented room on South Preston.”

Like many Black Southerners before and after him, Jefferson traveled to Chicago for work. He recorded nearly 100 songs between 1925 and 1929 for Paramount Records, a label that had made Ma Rainey a star by the time Blind Lemon arrived.

At first, Jefferson mixed “the devil’s music” with spiritual lyrics in a string of religious songs he released under the pseudonym Deacon L.J. Bates. But the “Deacon” soon faded as Blind Lemon returned to the secular topics he knew best.

In March 1926, he recorded “Got The Blues” and “Long Lonesome Blues,” which both reportedly sold more than 100,000 copies — a word-of-mouth phenomenon in an era when many people didn’t own a radio and few stations played “race music.” Paramount released more than 40 songs by Jefferson in the coming years, with the combined sales estimated to be in the millions.

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Blind Lemon Jefferson's body lies in what’s now known as the Blind Lemon Jefferson Memorial...
Blind Lemon Jefferson’s body lies in what’s now known as the Blind Lemon Jefferson Memorial Cemetery in Wortham. A marker quotes the lyrics from “See That My Grave Is Kept Clean,” but the exact location of his grave remains unknown. This photo and 33 others are part of Alan Govenar’s exhibition at the African American Museum in Fair Park. (Alan Govenar)

“He was the biggest-selling male downhome blues musician of his generation. He was a superstar,” Govenar says. “At the height of his career, Blind Lemon reportedly owned two automobiles and had a chauffeur, a residence in Chicago, houses in Mexia and Dallas, and $1,500 in the bank at the time of his death. He defied all stereotypes.”

Another thing that set Lemon apart from his peers was the breadth of his songwriting.

He could temper his bleak mood with silliness, as in “Mosquito Moan.” Or he could dive headfirst into the horrors of humanity, as he does in “Hangman’s Blues,” a song discussed in both the biography and the photo exhibit.

Govenar says Jefferson probably wrote “Hangman’s Blues” about the mob killing of three Black men accused of raping and killing a 17-year-old girl in 1922 in Kirvin, Texas, near were the singer grew up. The song “not only alludes to the lynching, but it articulates the trauma of virulent racism that plagued African Americans nationwide,” he said.

In December 1929 — a year after “Hangman’s Blues” came out — Jefferson was dead, most likely of heart disease and exposure after he got lost in a heavy snowstorm in Chicago. He was just 36.

Today, his body lies in what’s now known as the Blind Lemon Jefferson Memorial Cemetery in Wortham. A marker quotes the lyrics from “See That My Grave Is Kept Clean,” but the exact location of his grave remains unknown — a fitting end, perhaps, for an artist whose entire life is shrouded in questions.

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Who knows what Jefferson might have accomplished if he’d lived deep into the 20th century?

Would he have stayed in Chicago and teamed up with Howlin’ Wolf and Muddy Waters? Would he have followed T-Bone Walker to L.A. and traded his acoustic guitar for a Gibson electric? Or would he have returned to Dallas and lived long enough to mentor Jimmie and Stevie Ray Vaughan?

J. Dontray Davis stars as Blind Lemon Jefferson in "Lonesome Blues," a one-man musical by...
J. Dontray Davis stars as Blind Lemon Jefferson in “Lonesome Blues,” a one-man musical by Alan Govenar and Akin Babatundé.(Alan Govenar)

Davis, who portrays Blind Lemon in the Lonesome Blues musical, says questions like that don’t matter: The singer’s tale is compelling just the way it is.

“Playing Blind Lemon has been life-changing for me. Being able to tell this heartfelt story about a man who lived his life unapologetically, a man who pushed through all obstacles and proved determination and hard work pays off, is very liberating,” the Dallas actor says.

“Blind Lemon and I are from the same area and have a lot of similarities. I honestly feel like he is speaking to me, using me as a vessel to tell his story and encourage a new generation.”

6 African-Americans who blazed the early trail for blues in Dallas

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Lonesome Blues opens its run of weekend matinee shows on Sunday, Feb. 25, and continues through April 7 at Club Dada, 2720 Elm St., Dallas. For tickets, visit lonesomebluesmusical.com.

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“Seeing a World Blind Lemon Never Saw” runs through May 30 at the African American Museum in Fair Park. The museum is open Tuesdays through Fridays from 11 a.m. to 5 p.m. and Saturdays from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Admission and parking are free.

See That My Grave Is Kept Clean is available through online retailers or at deepvellum.org.



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‘Finish the Fight’: Cancer survivor’s artwork inspires Dallas Stars fans after beating rare blood disease

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‘Finish the Fight’: Cancer survivor’s artwork inspires Dallas Stars fans after beating rare blood disease


A Dallas woman who beat a rare and aggressive cancer is being celebrated in a special way. The Dallas Stars Foundation recently honored her at a home game not just for her strength, but for the artwork that helped her heal.  

For Dallas attorney Gracen Moreno, last Friday’s Stars game was about more than hockey.

“The entire arena… it seemed like everyone was either holding a shirt or talking about the shirt,” she said. 

A shirt she designed carries a powerful message, “Finish the Fight.”  

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Last year, at just 29-years-old, Gracen was diagnosed with a rare and aggressive form of blood cancer. At the time, she was preparing for a jury trial and planning a wedding two months away. The plans were suddenly moved up to just one week after her diagnosis.

“You kind of have your whole life ahead of you and then it turns out upside down,” she said. 

Her first symptom was a lingering cough. Then an X-ray revealed a nine-centimeter mass in her chest and a CT scan followed. 

“My doctor called me and said don’t panic but I need you to go to the emergency room to start getting the process in place to get out whatever is in your chest biopsied,” she said. 

Soon after came the news she feared most. 

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“When I heard or I found out that I had cancer, it’s like your worst nightmare ever coming true,” she said. 

“Alk-Negative Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma is one of the rarest types of what we call non-Hodgkins lymphoma and it’s particularly aggressive unless treated appropriately,” Jana Reynolds, MD, a Texas Oncology physician on the medical staff at Baylor Scott & White Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center said. 

Doctors told Gracen the prognosis wasn’t good, only about a 30% chance of surviving five years. 

“What happens when the worst possible thing that you think at the time is the worst possible thing happens to you?” she said.  “Well, you can either give up, which is not an option, or you can decide to fight.” 

Fight she did. Through several rounds of grueling chemotherapy and, ultimately, a bone marrow transplant at Baylor Scott & White’s Sammons Cancer Center.

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“On one of my lowest days of hospitalization my husband looked at me and said do you want to go paint something?” she said. “How do we make this better? I couldn’t see friends or family.”

Inside the hospital’s Arts in Medicine studio, Gracen began painting, using creativity to cope with the long days of treatment. 

While there, her art therapist learned she was a Dallas Stars season ticket holder and when an opportunity came up, she knew exactly who to recommend. 

“She came later to my hospital room and said you’ll never believe this, but I got an email from the Stars earlier today asking if I knew any cancer patients that also participated in the art program and I think you would be perfect for it,” she said. 

At last Friday’s home game, the Dallas Stars Foundation honored Gracen, celebrating her remission and her resilience.

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The team asked her to design custom artwork for a special T-shirt given to the first 500 fans and even players. 

“Everyone was really invested in the mission,” Gracen said. “It was really cool to see fans, players, coaches, all either wearing the shirt or just celebrating the fight against cancer itself.” 

Her team of doctors say the recognition was well deserved. 

  “I’m so proud of her for accepting the challenge and honestly bringing more attention to the serious things that we face,” Dr. Reynolds said.  

“It was a really special night,” Gracen said. 

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Wilonsky: Famous Dallas architect’s motel is now an ‘infamous criminal hub’ on Harry Hines

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Wilonsky: Famous Dallas architect’s motel is now an ‘infamous criminal hub’ on Harry Hines


It’s been a minute since someone called me “fake news.” Forgot how hilarious it sounds when it’s said seriously.

It happened early Tuesday afternoon at the Cole Manor Motel on Harry Hines Boulevard, where I’d gone to check out a joint that city attorneys allege has long been “a storefront for prostitution, drug use, and the sale and manufacturing of illicit drugs.” A Dallas police car was pulling out as I was turning in.

Just inside the shabby, square-shaped motor court whose swimming pool was long ago filled in, a half-masked security guard who appeared to be wearing a bulletproof vest helped a woman roll a new mattress into a dark room. He directed me to the front office, where a young woman stood behind thick, murky glass that made her look out of focus.

I asked who the owner was. She said she didn’t know. There were notes taped to the glass: “NO ID, No Room.” “Toilet Tissue Roll $1.00.”

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As I was pulling into Cole Manor on Tuesday afternoon, a Dallas police car was exiting. A...

As I was pulling into Cole Manor on Tuesday afternoon, a Dallas police car was exiting. A DPD spokesperson said it was for a “routine investigation” but offered no further specifics about the visit.

Robert Wilonsky

The security guard went to get another woman, who acted like she was in charge. I asked about the city’s lawsuit, filed in April, which calls Cole Manor an “infamous crime hub.” I mentioned the court order signed last month that requires the motel’s operator to pay the city nearly $1 million in civil penalties and demands the motel be secured by Dec. 21 with, among dozens of other things, a vehicle access gate and a license plate reader.

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“Fake news,” the woman snapped before locking herself behind the bulletproof glass. I offered to go to the car to get legal docs.

“I don’t want to disclose any information about that,” she said. At which point, the guard suggested that maybe this interview was over.

I hadn’t visited the motel since Christmas Eve 2018, when it made Preservation Dallas’ list of this city’s most-endangered historic buildings — given its age (it opened in 1946 as El Sombrero Motor Courts), architect (the revered Charles Dilbeck) and proximity to an ever-expanding Medical District devouring surrounding properties. Dilbeck, responsible for hundreds of whimsical residences from Oak Cliff to Preston Hollow, revolutionized the look, feel and function of the post-war motor lodge, best evidenced by his most beloved local lodge, the Belmont Hotel.

There’s much to say about Cole Manor’s significance and past, which includes countless crimes dating back to a night in January 1950, when both local newspapers reported that three men stuck a gun in the face of the auto court’s manager and stole $300. That was the first time, but far from the last, the motel made news.

A March 25, 1958, Dallas Morning News story -- about a

A March 25, 1958, Dallas Morning News story — about a “pants bandit” hitting, among other locations, the El Sombrero Motor Courts — was one of several crime stories from the 1950s that ran in this newspaper.

The Dallas Morning News

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But first we must reckon with its present — and its future — as Cole Manor heads to trial next month. Because property owner Manor Hospitality Corp.’s attorney says this isn’t his client’s fault or problem. The motel’s longtime owner instead blames its rap sheet on the operator who’s allegedly been booted from the motel and is nowhere to be found, even in court.

The city doesn’t see it that way, citing sections of the Texas Local Government Code that place responsibility at the feet of the property owner. Jill Haning, the city’s deputy chief of the litigation division, said via email that when this case hits a courtroom next month, “The city will ask the court to either appoint a receiver to take possession and control of the property to abate the violations and ongoing criminal activity or issue an order requiring the property owner to do so.”

In court documents, city attorneys say they’ve been working with the motel’s owner since 2002 to identify and eradicate the crime and code violations — only to have the issues re-emerge time and again. That includes 28 police calls in the last three years, including numerous aggravated assaults, drug manufacturing and, police say, the shooting death of a 69-year-old woman.

“As the saying goes,” says the complaint, “insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.”

One of the biggest crimes at the Cole Manor Motel was the removal a few years ago of the...

One of the biggest crimes at the Cole Manor Motel was the removal a few years ago of the sign planted along Harry Hines when the motor court was renamed decades ago.

Daniel Carde / Staff Photographer

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The lawsuit also says federal and local law enforcement in February “took down a seven-person drug trafficking operation that operated out of the Cole Manor Motel for at least a year.” Per the suit, a search warrant resulted in five arrests and the recovery of six guns, fentanyl, crack and $20,000. The city finally sued Manor Hospitality Corp. and its operator, Bhumiya3 LLC, in April.

Bhumiya3 appears to be one person, Irving resident Nilam Patel, whom I couldn’t reach. He also never responded to the lawsuit and didn’t appear in court last month, resulting in a judge slapping him with a pile of code violations totaling $960,256.

Manor Hospitality Corp.’s president is Mike Patel, whose number is the same as Cole Manor’s and doesn’t work anyway, in case you were considering making reservations. Patel has owned the Cole Manor for more than 25 years.

I asked Lance “Luke” Beshara, Manor Hospitality’s Fort Worth-based attorney, how long Bhumiya3 was running the motel on his client’s behalf. He said he didn’t know, but noted that its lease was terminated after the city filed its suit. When I asked who was running the place now, he said he didn’t know.

“Probably a new tenant,” he said. “I am sure my client is trying to find someone who wants to keep it open. They’re not going to let the property sit vacant. That would be a terrible idea, A vacant motel? You really think it’s going to stay vacant? People would break in.”

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Beshara said his client met with Dallas’ attorneys earlier this year, at which point, he said, Manor Hospitality first became aware of the city’s numerous allegations.

“So,” I said, “you’re telling me your client was not aware of what was going on at the motel?”

Beshara said that was “not a fair question.” I asked why.

The swimming pool that used to sit in the middle of the motor court was long ago paved over.

The swimming pool that used to sit in the middle of the motor court was long ago paved over.

Robert Wilonsky

“No, my client was not aware of any of these incidents,” he said. “Later on the city did send a letter referencing its nuisance ordinance and provided a list of certain alleged offenses. They said we have these reports. We got a letter with unsubstantiated offenses that supposedly occurred and were somehow related to my client’s property.”

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He said that after a meeting with city attorneys, Patel hired a security guard and installed a gate, though where, I have no idea. And I drive by the Cole Manor at least once a day every day.

But there’s no need to try this here. A temporary injunction hearing set for Jan. 8, to be followed by a trial 18 days later, will help decide the future of the Cole Manor.

New apartments are going in behind the Cole Manor Motel on Empire Central Drive.

New apartments are going in behind the Cole Manor Motel on Empire Central Drive.

Robert Wilonsky

As for its past, I called architect Willis Winters, Dallas’ former parks department director, to confirm the motel is a Dilbeck. “Absolutely,” he said. Winters would know, as author of a forthcoming Texas A&M University biography of the architect.

“You can tell by the architectural vocabulary of the building, how the façade was very complex, visually interesting,” Winters said of the motel. “It engages your eye as you’re trying to understand why it’s doing what it’s doing. The octagonal windows, the roof overhangs, the cupolas along the roof, the vents. All these items he added for visual texture and visual character to draw interest to the building and make people driving by in 1946 want to turn in there and check in for the night.”

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Winters said he used to drive past the Cole Manor every day, but turned in for the first time earlier this year. He stayed only as long as it took him to turn around and leave.



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H-E-B site wins council approval, clearing way for first store in Dallas

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H-E-B site wins council approval, clearing way for first store in Dallas


The Dallas City Council has approved a zoning proposal for a planned H-E-B, even as the plan drew concerns and some support from the community.

The slated project cleared a key hurdle for the roughly 10-acre site in North Dallas that would bring the first H-E-B namesake to the city, adding to the existing Central Market locales and its Joe V’s Smart Shops. The new grocer would land at the southeast corner of Hillcrest Road and LBJ Freeway, according to the agenda filing.

The City Council approval followed roughly an hour and a half of testimony about the proposal with many saying the new grocery store would create too many traffic headaches in an area that’s already grappling with too many vehicles. Some folks spoke out in favor of the proposal, saying the company is a great member of the community already and that it would be a good addition to that area of Dallas.

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The proposal for the property was for an “RR Regional Retail District,” on the site that’s been zoned “NO(A) Neighborhood Office District,” according to a document filed with the city. The proposal included deed restrictions volunteered by the applicant.

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“We appreciate the thoughtful consideration from city officials, staff, and community members throughout this process,” Mabrie Jackson, H-E-B managing director of public affairs, said in an emailed statement. “We are committed to serving Texans and look forward to bringing our first H-E-B store to the city of Dallas.”

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Among the more than two dozen people who spoke up at the meeting, there were concerns about large trucks doing deliveries and traffic stacking up around the intersection.

The City Council initially considered a denial of the zoning request without prejudice, a motion that would fail. Council member Adam Bazaldua didn’t support it.

“It was a social media craze when H-E-B started coming to the region, but I want to highlight that word and say the region,” Bazaldua said. “One of the things that I saw and heard a million times was, ‘When are they coming to Dallas?’ … We continue to put ourselves in positions where we have allowed for other municipalities, other jurisdictions, to compete with us.”

The Council member added: “I hope that we can support bringing this H-E-B to the city limits, the first one, and it’ll be the first of many to come.

For the vote, Mayor Eric Johnson said “sounds like it was 14-1,” during the meeting.

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