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What Trump's New Cabinet and Administration Picks Have in Common

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What Trump's New Cabinet and Administration Picks Have in Common

A number of patterns have emerged among the people President-elect Donald J. Trump has indicated he wants to fill his cabinet and other senior-level positions in his administration.

Some points of commonality are historically typical among senior White House and cabinet officials — Harvard, Yale and Princeton are well represented among his selections’ alma maters, for instance. Other uniting factors are unprecedented: Many on the list have denied or questioned the results of the 2020 presidential election, often a prerequisite for gaining Mr. Trump’s favor. And some lack the traditional qualifications shared by their predecessors.

Indeed, it appears that the most important qualifier in Mr. Trump’s mind has been fealty to him, which many of his picks have demonstrated in various ways over the past few years.

See some of the links between more than 60 potential members (in some cases pending confirmation) of the incoming administration, below.


At least 5 are billionaires.

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Mr. Trump has picked two billionaires to lead key economic departments, raising questions about whether his administration will follow through on promises to boost the working class.

Scott Bessent, his choice for treasury secretary, is a hedge fund manager who invested money for George Soros, a liberal philanthropist, for more than a decade. Howard Lutnick, his pick for commerce secretary, is a Wall Street executive. Both Mr. Bessent and Mr. Lutnick have been vocal in their support for Mr. Trump’s plan to impose tariffs on imports, although they may prefer a more targeted approach.

Billionaire entrepreneurs Elon Musk and Vivek Ramaswamy will lead what Mr. Trump is calling the Department of Government Efficiency. Mr. Trump has said the new initiative would operate outside of the government and offer input to federal officials.


At least 8 have been major Trump donors.

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The president-elect has also selected major campaign donors for key positions, including four to lead cabinet agencies: Mr. Lutnick and Mr. Bessent, as well as Chris Wright to lead the Energy Department and Linda McMahon to lead the Education Department. (Ms. McMahon and Mr. Lutnick are also co-chairs of the Trump transition.) As of the last federal filing, their contributions to support Mr. Trump during the 2024 election cycle ranged from $350,000 to $20 million.

John Phelan, Mr. Trump’s pick for Navy secretary, and his wife, Amy, donated more than $1 million to Mr. Trump’s joint fund-raising campaign committee.

Steven Witkoff, a billionaire real estate mogul who has given nearly $2 million to Mr. Trump’s political causes over the past decade, was named special envoy to the Middle East. He was on the golf course with Mr. Trump in September during a second assassination attempt.

Mr. Musk poured at least $75 million into a new pro-Trump super PAC and promised on Oct. 19 to award one voter $1 million every day through Election Day. The Justice Department warned Mr. Musk that the giveaway might be illegal, but a judge in Philadelphia refused to halt the sweepstakes.

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Charles Kushner, Mr. Trump’s pick for ambassador to France, is a real estate executive who gave at least $2 million to support Mr. Trump.


At least 12 hosted or co-hosted events at Mar-a-Lago.

After Mr. Trump left the White House, Mar-a-Lago became the headquarters of the MAGA movement. Events hosted by right-wing organizations and politicians there largely replaced traditional Palm Beach society galas on the resort’s calendar, as a visit became an essential rite for many Republican candidates.

Many of Mr. Trump’s recent picks were regular fixtures at Mar-a-Lago during this time. Some did more than visit, choosing to host expensive receptions on the property. As Mar-a-Lago’s owner, Mr. Trump is the beneficiary of its profits.

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Several of the proposed officials have held campaign fund-raisers or served on the host committee to support another candidate’s event. Others hosted or co-hosted larger events for organizations they lead or champion.


At least 13 made appearances at Trump’s criminal trial in New York.

Mr. Trump’s criminal trial in Manhattan was a staging ground for allies to prove their loyalty. Several of his recent picks traveled to New York in the spring to show support. Some were there in a professional context. Todd Blanche, Mr. Trump’s choice for deputy attorney general, was one of his trial lawyers, and Susie Wiles, Mr. Trump’s incoming chief of staff, was co-chair of his 2024 presidential campaign.

Others, like Vice President-elect JD Vance and Doug Burgum, Mr. Trump’s pick for interior secretary, attended the trial as spectators and attacked members of the presiding judge’s family on behalf of Mr. Trump, who was under a rule of silence. Both were considered potential running mates at the time.

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At least 17 are associated with the America First Policy Institute or Project 2025.

Mr. Trump spent much of the campaign distancing himself from Project 2025, a sprawling initiative spearheaded by the Heritage Foundation that included a “blueprint” document for a new conservative administration that was authored in part by former Trump staffers. But since winning the election, Mr. Trump has picked at least seven people with ties to the controversial conservative policy initiative to serve in his administration.

Project 2025 also includes a database of Heritage-vetted personnel intended to help a Republican president build rank-and-file staff. It remains to be seen to what extent those candidates will be hired in the new administration.

The America First Policy Institute, which like the Heritage Foundation is a pro-Trump think tank, is also heavily represented in his picks so far. At least 11 of the people among his picks have ties to the upstart policy group. Much like Project 2025, the think tank has prepared staffing plans and a policy agenda, and it reportedly has drafted nearly 300 executive orders ready for Mr. Trump’s signature.

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At least 11 are or have been Fox hosts or contributors.

Some of Mr. Trump’s appointees are closely linked to Fox as either hosts, former hosts or contributors. Pete Hegseth was a host on “Fox & Friends” until he became Mr. Trump’s pick for defense secretary. Mr. Hegseth’s co-host was Rachel Campos-Duffy, who is married to Sean Duffy, Mr. Trump’s cabinet pick for transportation secretary. Mr. Duffy also co-hosted a show on Fox Business.

Mr. Trump’s choice for ambassador to Israel, Mike Huckabee, hosted a show on Fox for seven years. More recently, Mr. Ramaswamy was tapped to host a five-part series on Fox Nation.

Many more figures in Mr. Trump’s orbit are frequent guests on Fox News, and several not counted here have contributed digital columns to the Fox News website. Mr. Wright caught Mr. Trump’s attention in part through his appearances on Fox News.

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At least 9 are or have been registered lobbyists.

The revolving door between lobbying and government is a tradition in Washington — and one of the practices Mr. Trump pledged to eliminate when he said he would “drain the swamp.” But some of the people Mr. Trump has tapped for his administration have deep ties to that very swamp.

Ms. Wiles was registered as a lobbyist until early this year. Pam Bondi, Mr. Trump’s choice for attorney general, joined a lobbying firm run by a prominent Florida fund-raiser after she finished her second term as Florida attorney general. Mr. Duffy lobbied for a coalition of airlines in 2020.

Some of Mr. Trump’s selections not shown here have acted as lobbyists without officially registering — another longstanding custom in the nation’s capital. Russell T. Vought, Mr. Trump’s choice to lead the Office of Management and Budget, noted in paperwork for his 2017 Senate confirmation hearing that he had “engaged in grassroots lobbying.”

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At least 28 served in or advised the previous Trump administration.

More than two dozen of Mr. Trump’s cabinet and other senior-level picks also served in some capacity in his first administration.

Some have been chosen for roles related to their previous jobs. Thomas Homan was the acting director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement during Mr. Trump’s first term and has been named the border czar, a position that does not require Senate confirmation, for the coming term.

Others have been tapped for roles less related to their previous positions. Ms. McMahon was the administrator of the Small Business Administration from 2017 to 2019, and she is now Mr. Trump’s choice for education secretary.

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Several on this list did not have official, full-time jobs during Mr. Trump’s last term, but they were chosen by him to sit on advisory boards. Those people include Mr. Witkoff, Mr. Huckabee and Mr. Musk.


Explore the members of Mr. Trump’s proposed senior staff below.

Scott Bessent
Potential role

Treasury secretary

Role in
first term

Billionare
Yes
Major donor
Yes
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Jay Bhattacharya
Potential role

National Institutes of Health director

Role in
first term

Advertisement
Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
James Blair
Potential role

White House deputy chief of staff

Role in
first term

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Todd Blanche
Potential role

Deputy attorney general

Role in
first term

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Yes
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Pam Bondi
Potential role

Attorney general

Role in
first term

Member of board of trustees of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Yes
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Yes
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Yes
Massad Boulos
Potential role

Senior adviser for Arab and Middle Eastern affairs

Role in
first term

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
James Braid
Potential role

White House legislative affairs director

Role in
first term

Deputy to the associate director for
legislative affairs

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Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Yes
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Yes
Taylor Budowich
Potential role

White House deputy chief of staff

Role in
first term

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Doug Burgum
Potential role

Interior secretary

Role in
first term

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Yes
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Brendan Carr
Potential role

F.C.C. chairman

Role in
first term

F.C.C. commissioner

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Yes
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Lori Chavez-DeRemer
Potential role

Labor secretary

Role in
first term

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Steven Cheung
Potential role

White House communications director

Role in
first term

White House director of strategic response

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Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Yes
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Doug Collins
Potential role

Veterans affairs secretary

Role in
first term

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Yes
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Yes
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Yes
Sean Duffy
Potential role

Transportation secretary

Role in
first term

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Yes
Lobbyist
Yes
Tulsi Gabbard
Potential role

Director of national intelligence

Role in
first term

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Yes
Lobbyist
Sergio Gor
Potential role

White House director of personnel

Role in
first term

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Sebastian Gorka
Potential role

Deputy assistant to the president and senior director for counterterrorism

Role in
first term

Deputy assistant to the president and strategist

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Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Yes
Attended
N.Y. trial
Yes
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Yes
Lobbyist
Jamieson Greer
Potential role

U.S. trade representative

Role in
first term

Chief of staff to trade representative

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Vince Haley
Potential role

Director of the Domestic Policy Council

Role in
first term

Deputy assistant to the president

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Kevin Hassett
Potential role

Director of White House National Economic Council

Role in
first term

Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Yes
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Pete Hegseth
Potential role

Defense secretary

Role in
first term

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Yes
Lobbyist
Pete Hoekstra
Potential role

Ambassador to Canada

Role in
first term

Ambassador to the Netherlands

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Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Yes
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Yes
Thomas Homan
Potential role

Border czar

Role in
first term

Acting director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Yes
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Yes
Ties
to Fox
Yes
Lobbyist
Mike Huckabee
Potential role

Ambassador to Israel

Role in
first term

Member of board of trustees of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Yes
Lobbyist
Keith Kellogg
Potential role

Special envoy to Ukraine and Russia

Role in
first term

National security adviser to the vice president

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Yes
Ties
to Fox
Yes
Lobbyist
Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
Potential role

Health and human services secretary

Role in
first term

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Charles Kushner
Potential role

Ambassador to France

Role in
first term

Advertisement
Billionare
Major donor
Yes
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Alex Latcham
Potential role

White House public liaison director

Role in
first term

Special assistant to the president

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Karoline Leavitt
Potential role

White House press secretary

Role in
first term

Assistant White House press secretary

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Yes
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Yes
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Howard Lutnick
Potential role

Commerce secretary

Role in
first term

Billionare
Yes
Major donor
Yes
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Martin A. Makary
Potential role

F.D.A. commissioner

Role in
first term

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Yes
Lobbyist
Bill McGinley
Potential role

White House counsel

Role in
first term

White House cabinet secretary

Advertisement
Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Yes
Linda McMahon
Potential role

Education secretary

Role in
first term

Small business administrator

Billionare
Major donor
Yes
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Yes
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Yes
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Stephen Miller
Potential role

White House deputy chief of staff

Role in
first term

Senior adviser

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Elon Musk
Potential role

Co-lead, government efficiency

Role in
first term

Member of Great American Economic Revival industry group

Billionare
Yes
Major donor
Yes
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Janette Nesheiwat
Potential role

U.S. surgeon general

Role in
first term

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Yes
Lobbyist
Kristi Noem
Potential role

Homeland security secretary

Role in
first term

Advertisement
Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Yes
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Jim O’Neill
Potential role

Deputy secretary of health and human services

Role in
first term

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Mehmet Oz
Potential role

Medicare and Medicaid administrator

Role in
first term

Member of president’s council on sports, fitness and nutrition

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Kash Patel
Potential role

F.B.I. director

Role in
first term

Chief of staff to acting defense secretary

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Yes
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Yes
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
John Phelan
Potential role

Navy secretary

Role in
first term

Billionare
Major donor
Yes
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Matt Brasseaux
Potential role

White House political affairs director

Role in
first term

Advertisement
Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Vivek Ramaswamy
Potential role

Co-lead, government efficiency

Role in
first term

Billionare
Yes
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Yes
Attended
N.Y. trial
Yes
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Yes
Lobbyist
John Ratcliffe
Potential role

C.I.A. director

Role in
first term

Director of national intelligence

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Yes
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Brooke Rollins
Potential role

Agriculture secretary

Role in
first term

Acting domestic policy adviser

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Yes
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Yes
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Marco Rubio
Potential role

Secretary of state

Role in
first term

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Yes
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
D. John Sauer
Potential role

U.S. solicitor general

Role in
first term

Advertisement
Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Dan Scavino
Potential role

White House deputy chief of staff

Role in
first term

White House deputy chief of staff

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Yes
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Will Scharf
Potential role

White House staff secretary

Role in
first term

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Elise Stefanik
Potential role

U.N. ambassador

Role in
first term

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Yes
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Scott Turner
Potential role

Housing and urban development secretary

Role in
first term

Executive director of White House opportunity and revitalization council

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Yes
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
JD Vance
Potential role

Vice president

Role in
first term

Advertisement
Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Yes
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Russell T. Vought
Potential role

Office of Management and Budget director

Role in
first term

Office of Management and Budget director

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Yes
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Michael Waltz
Potential role

National security adviser

Role in
first term

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Yes
Attended
N.Y. trial
Yes
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Yes
Lobbyist
Dave Weldon
Potential role

C.D.C. director

Role in
first term

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Matthew Whitaker
Potential role

NATO ambassador

Role in
first term

Acting attorney general

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Yes
Attended
N.Y. trial
Yes
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Yes
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Yes
Susie Wiles
Potential role

White House chief of staff

Role in
first term

Advertisement
Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Yes
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Yes
Steven Witkoff
Potential role

Middle East envoy

Role in
first term

Member of Great American Economic Revival industry group

Billionare
Yes
Major donor
Yes
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Alex Wong
Potential role

Assistant to the president and principal deputy national security adviser

Role in
first term

Deputy special representative for North Korea

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Yes
Chris Wright
Potential role

Energy secretary

Role in
first term

Billionare
Major donor
Yes
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist
Lee Zeldin
Potential role

E.P.A. administrator

Role in
first term

Billionare
Major donor
Hosted M.A.L.
event(s)
Yes
Attended
N.Y. trial
Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI
Yes
Ties
to Fox
Lobbyist

Methodology

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This list reflects 61 cabinet and senior-level position picks that Mr. Trump had announced as of noon Eastern on Dec. 2.

To determine ties to Project 2025, The Times checked Mr. Trump’s proposed staff members against the authors, editors and contributors to the Project 2025 playbook, as well as the instructor lists in Project 2025’s training programs. Ties to the America First Policy Institute were determined by whether an individual had a listed role on the conservative group’s website or has served as a fellow for the group.

To determine ties to Fox News, The Times searched for each staff pick on Fox’s website, which lists individuals’ affiliations with Fox News. In instances where a biographical page was not available for a nominee, The Times attempted a further search on the Internet Archive and consulted news articles that described other relationships between the potential nominees and appointees and Fox News. In many cases, nominees had a presence on the Fox News website in the form of submitted opinion articles, but were not described as Fox contributors, so The Times did not classify them as being tied to Fox directly.

Accounts by Times reporters and photographers who covered Mr. Trump’s trial in New York were used to determine whether one of Mr. Trump’s picks attended the trial.

Those labeled billionaires have been referred to as such in other Times coverage.

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Major donors include people who gave at least $250,000 to support Mr. Trump during the 2024 election cycle.

The Times used congressional lobbying disclosure databases to determine whether an individual is or has ever been a registered lobbyist.

To determine whether one of Mr. Trump’s picks hosted or co-hosted an event at Mar-a-Lago, The Times used permits from the town of Palm Beach; federal, state and county campaign finance records; tax records; social media posts; and promotional materials from organizations that held events.

The Times used the official White House archive from the first Trump administration to determine whether people selected for the second administration also served in the first. Some held multiple positions during the course of the administration. In most cases, the chart reflects the last position they held.

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How President Trump’s Image Permeates the White House and Beyond

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How President Trump’s Image Permeates the White House and Beyond

Since moving back in, President Trump has significantly altered the “People’s House.” East Wing: gone. Oval Office: maximalized. Rose Garden: Mar-a-lago-ified. And the art? Lots of Trump.

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Over the last year, The New York Times has captured at least nine paintings, posters, memes, and even a mugshot outside the Oval Office, that Mr. Trump added throughout the historic space.

Many of the selections are gifts from his supporters that highlight his political stature and reinforce the idea that Mr. Trump is invincible.

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All presidents or first ladies add to and shuffle the art in the White House.

Barack Obama brought in abstract paintings.

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Family Dining Room, 2015. Gabriella Demczuk for The New York Times

George W. Bush decorated with images from his Texas roots.

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Oval Office, 2007. Doug Mills/The New York Times

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In Mr. Trump’s first term, Melania Trump added a sculpture by Isamu Noguchi to the Rose Garden.

Rose Garden, 2020. Pool photo by Chris Kleponis

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But never before has a sitting president displayed so much of his own image on the White House walls.

There is an “assertion of symbolic power that he wants to be on view essentially everywhere in that space,” said Cara Finnegan, a communication professor at the University of Illinois and author of “Photographic Presidents: Making History from Daguerreotype to Digital.”

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Even outside his current residence, Mr. Trump’s visage has proliferated in unexpected places — on banners hanging from government buildings, on National Parks passes and on social media, where he has been likened to a king. There has also been talk of a U.S. Treasury-minted coin with Mr. Trump on both sides.

Break with tradition

In recent decades, each president’s official White House portrait has been unveiled in a ceremony hosted by his successor.

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The Carters hosted the Fords:

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East Room, 1978. Associated Press

The Clintons hosted the Bushes:

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East Room, 1995. Stephen Crowley/The New York Times

And the Bushes hosted the Clintons:

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East Room, 2004. Tim Sloan/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images

The mood has often been lighthearted, with political party tensions melting away.

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“I am pleased that my portrait brings an interesting symmetry to the White House collection,” George W. Bush joked in a ceremony hosted by the Obamas. “It now starts and ends with a George W.”

In a break with tradition, Mr. Trump did not schedule a ceremony for the unveiling of the Obamas’ portraits during his first term. Joe Biden later did, in a ceremony with a “Welcome Home!” vibe.

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Typically, the latest available presidential portrait — often a realistic oil painting — hangs in the main entrance hall, where heads of state are welcomed.

The Obama portrait was in the spot until April …

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Cross Hall in the Executive Residence, 2024. Tom Brenner for The New York Times

… when Mr. Trump replaced it with this painting by Marc Lipp, a Florida pop artist, last April.

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Cross Hall in the Executive Residence, 2025. Doug Mills/The New York Times

It depicts a striking moment in 2024 when a bloodied Mr. Trump pumped his fist in defiance, soon after being shot at by a would-be assassin during a campaign event.

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Presidential historians have criticized the departure from convention.

Though Mr. Trump had a portrait commissioned for the Smithsonian’s American Presidents collection after his first term, none was confirmed for the permanent White House collection, and the White House said that this is where that portrait would have hung.

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It is not totally unprecedented for a president to hang a painting of himself in the White House during his term. Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft and Grover Cleveland all did, according to the White House Historical Association. But more often than not, paintings of presidents and first ladies are hung after they have left office, historians said.

Flags, fists and faith from fans

In what has become something of a muse for many of the president’s artistic supporters, there are at least three other depictions of the fist-pumping scene in the White House.

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The image “is in people’s garages when I walk around my neighborhood,” said Leslie Hahner, a Texas resident and communication professor at Baylor University, who studies visual political culture. “People love that image.”

Behind the Oval Office, one is in a small room that houses Trump merchandise:

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Oval Office study, 2025. Doug Mills/The New York Times

Another was seen in the West Wing next to a “Still Life with Fruit” painting from 1850:

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West Wing, 2025. Doug Mills/The New York Times

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A statue form was spotted in the Oval Office:

Oval Office, 2025. Haiyun Jiang for The New York Times

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The sculptor, Stan Watts, told a Utah TV station last year that he believes the president was saved by God that day. Many of Mr. Trump’s Christian supporters have echoed that sentiment.

At least two works by a self-described “Christian worship artist,” Vanessa Horabuena, are among Mr. Trump’s White House collection. He has called Ms. Horabuena, who often paints live in front of an audience, “one of the greatest artists anywhere in the world.”

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In 2022, she painted a portrait of Mr. Trump at a booth at the Conservative Political Action Conference. When he saw it, he asked to meet her, Ms. Horabuena’s representative said. She most recently painted Mr. Trump live at a New Year’s Eve party at Mar-A-Lago.

One of her portraits was spotted in the Cabinet room in January.

It shows Mr. Trump, his eyes closed, in front of a mountain with a small cross on the top:

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Cabinet Room, 2026. Doug Mills/The New York Times

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Ms. Horabuena hand-delivered it to the White House, according to her website.

Her other painting shows the president walking through a phalanx of flags. It was seen hanging prominently in a hallway leading to the Cabinet Room and the Oval Office:

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West Wing, 2025. Doug Mills/The New York Times

“He’s positioned as this embattled warrior in a lot of these images,” Dr. Hahner said.

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Historical figures Mr. Trump adulates are co-stars in some of the art he has chosen.

In an image created by the team of White House trade adviser Peter Navarro, Mr. Trump is pictured with William McKinley and Henry Clay, who, like the president, championed the use of tariffs:

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West Wing, 2025. Doug Mills/The New York Times

Here, Mr. Trump is with two other Republican presidents, Abraham Lincoln (to whom he has compared himself) and Ronald Reagan (whom he is a fan of):

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West Wing, 2025. Doug Mills/The New York Times

Titled “Great American Patriots,” the piece was painted by Dick Bobnick, an illustrator and Trump supporter from Minnesota. He said he mailed several prints to 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, but he had no idea his work was on the White House walls until a USA Today reporter called him about it.

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“I could hardly believe it,” said Mr. Bobnick. (He said the print is now his best-seller.)

If not in portraits, Mr. Trump’s image is reflected on mirrors that he has added to the White House complex.

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Two are in the Oval Office …

Oval Office, 2025. Doug Mills/The New York Times

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… making his image visible from the Resolute Desk.

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Oval Office, 2025. Doug Mills/The New York Times

The mirrors, the portraits and the gilding mimic the look of his properties, like Mar-a-Lago, his Florida estate.

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Mar-a-Lago, 2016. Eric Thayer for The New York Times

“Trump is obsessed with his image,” Dr. Hahner said. “And he is so controlling of his image.”

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Trump everywhere, all the time

One portrait seen in the White House has become a communication tool between Mr. Trump and his supporters in the real world.

This is his social media profile picture.

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Trump’s Truth Social account, 2025.

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It was seen last October hanging between former first ladies Laura Bush and Barbara Bush in the now-demolished East Wing:

Booksellers Hall in the now-demolished East Wing, 2025. Cheriss May for The New York Times

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The portrait was painted by Lena Ruseva, an immigrant from the former Soviet Union, who goes by the name MAGALANGELO. Mr. Trump invited her to his Bedminster golf club in 2022, and she gave it to him as a birthday gift.

“Every time social media or the news quotes the president and I see my artwork alongside it, I feel proud and grateful,” she said.

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For a time, the same portrait hung next to Hillary Clinton, his political rival and a former first lady.

Booksellers Hall in the now-demolished East Wing, 2025. Alex Brandon/Associated Press

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Supporters at that time lauded the placement on social media:

This example of a positive feedback loop demonstrates how Mr. Trump has used social media to redefine the presidency and presidential communication. Ms. Ruseva’s portrait was used on social media, hung up in the real world, then photographed and put back on social media by supporters who praised the president.

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When Mr. Trump was elected to his first term in 2016, Dr. Hahner said that scholars referred to him as the first “meme president.”

Mr. Trump and his internet fans are used to a meme culture based on irony, and rehashing, repurposing and remixing existing images. The collection of White House artwork — much of it originating from his supporters — sits in an uncanny valley between realism and meme-ism, Dr. Hahner said.

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Like memes that multiply, Mr. Trump’s image has been reproduced in other ways, outside the White House.

Last month, a huge banner with Mr. Trump’s face was draped outside the Justice Department headquarters …

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Justice Department headquarters, 2026. Eric Lee for The New York Times

Last year, similar signage was strung over the Labor Department building …

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Labor Department building, 2025. Eric Lee for The New York Times

… and the Agriculture Department building (this one, alongside Lincoln).

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Agriculture Department building, 2025. Eric Lee for The New York Times

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At his request, Mr. Trump’s portrait was recently updated at the Smithsonian’s National Portrait Gallery:

National Portrait Gallery, 2026. Alyssa Schukar for The New York Times

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Still, Mr. Trump wants more. The White House has suggested that the National Portrait Gallery add a separate section for Trump-related art.

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Trump sends official notification to Congress on strikes against Iran

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Trump sends official notification to Congress on strikes against Iran

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President Donald Trump on Monday sent an official notification to Congress about the U.S. strikes against Iran, in which he attempted to justify the military action in the now expanding conflict in the Middle East.

In a letter obtained by FOX News, Trump told Senate President Pro Tempore Chuck Grassley, R-Iowa, that “no U.S. ground forces were used in these strikes” and that the mission “was planned and executed in a manner designed to minimize civilian casualties, deter future attacks, and neutralize Iran’s malign activities.”

This comes after joint U.S.-Israeli strikes against Iran on Saturday as part of Operation Epic Fury, triggering a response from Tehran and a wider conflict in the region. The strikes killed the Islamic Republic’s Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and other military leaders.

President Donald Trump on Monday sent an official notification to Congress about the U.S. strikes against Iran. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)

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Trump wrote that it is not yet possible to know the full scope of military operations against Iran and that U.S. forces are prepared to take potential further action.

“Although the United States desires a quick and enduring peace, not possible at this time to know the full scope and duration of military operations that may be necessary,” Trump wrote. “As such, United States forces remain postured to take further action, as necessary and appropriate, to address further threats and attacks upon the United States or its allies and partners, and ensure the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran ceases being a threat to the United States, its allies, and the international community.”

“I directed this military action consistent with my responsibility to protect Americans and United States interests both at home and abroad and in furtherance of United States national security and foreign policy interests,” he added. “I acted pursuant to my constitutional authority as Commander in Chief and Chief Executive to conduct United States foreign relations.”

A general view of Tehran with smoke visible in the distance after explosions were reported in the city, on March 2, 2026, in Tehran, Iran. (Contributor/Getty Images)

Trump said he was “providing this report as part of my efforts to keep the Congress fully informed, consistent with the War Powers Resolution,” as some Republican and Democrat lawmakers attempt to restrain the president’s military action, which they affirm is unconstitutional without congressional approval.

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The president also accused Iran of being among the largest state sponsors of terrorism in the world and purported that the “Iranian regime continues to seek the means to possess and employ nuclear weapons,” even after the White House said in June that precision strikes at the time “obliterated” Iran’s nuclear enrichment facilities.

US SURGES FORCES TO MIDDLE EAST AS PENTAGON WARNS IRAN FIGHT ‘WILL TAKE SOME TIME’

A person holds an image of Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei as Iranian demonstrators protest against the U.S.-Israeli strikes, in Tehran, Iran, Feb. 28, 2026.  (Majid Asgaripour/WANA (West Asia News Agency) via Reuters)

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“As I previously communicated to the Congress, Iran remains one of the largest, if not the largest, state-sponsors of terrorism in the world,” Trump said in the letter on Monday. “Despite the success of Operation MIDNIGHT HAMMER, the Iranian regime continues to seek the means to possess and employ nuclear weapons. Its array of ballistic, cruise, anti-ship, and other missiles pose a direct threat to and are attacking United States forces, commercial vessels, and civilians, as well as those of our allies and partners.”

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“Despite my Administration’s repeated efforts to achieve a diplomatic solution to Iran’s malign behavior, the threat to the United States and its allies and partners became untenable,” he continued.

Fox News’ Tyler Olson contributed to this report.

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Trump admin warned lawmakers Israel was 'determined to act with or without us' before massive Iran strikes
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Rep. Kevin Kiley opts against challenging fellow Republican Tom McClintock

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Rep. Kevin Kiley opts against challenging fellow Republican Tom McClintock

Northern California Rep. Kevin Kiley (R-Rocklin), whose congressional district was carved up in the redistricting ballot measures approved by voters last year, announced Monday that he would not challenge fellow Republican Rep. Tom McClintock of Elk Grove. Instead, he plans to run in the Democratic-leaning district where he resides.

“It’s true that I was fully prepared to run in [McClintock’s district], having tested the waters and with polls showing a favorable outlook in a ‘safe’ district. But doing what’s easy and what’s right are often not the same,” Kiley posted on the social media site X. “And at the end of the day, as much as I love the communities in [that] District that I represent now – and as excited as I was about the new ones – seeking office in a district that doesn’t include my hometown didn’t feel right.”

Kiley, 41, currently represents a congressional district that spans Lake Tahoe to Sacramento. He did not respond to requests for comment.

But after California voters in November passed Proposition 50 — a ballot measure to redraw the state’s congressional districts in an effort to counter Trump’s moves to increase the numbers of Republicans in Congress — Kiley’s district was sliced up into other districts.

As the filing deadline approaches, Kiley pondered his path forward in a decision that was compared by political insiders to the reality television show “The Bachelor.” Who would receive the final rose? McClintock’s new sprawling congressional district includes swaths of gold country, the Central Valley and Death Valley. The district Kiley opted to run in includes the city of Sacramento and the suburbs of Roseville and Rocklin in Placer County.

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Kiley was facing headwinds because of the Republican institutional support that lined up behind McClintock, 69, who has been in Congress since 2009 and served in the state Legislature for 26 years previously. President Trump, the California Republican Party and the Club for Growth’s political action committee are among the people and groups who have endorsed McClintock.

Conservative strategist Jon Fleischman, a former executive director of the state GOP, said he was thrilled by Kiley’s decision, which avoids a divisive intraparty battle.

“If you open up the dictionary and look for the word conservative, it’s a photo of Tom McClintock. He is the ideological leader of conservatives, not only in California but in Congress for many, many years,” Fleischman said, adding that the endorsements for McClintock purposefully came because Kiley was considering challenging him.

Kiley, who grew up near Sacramento, attended Harvard University and Yale Law School. A former Teach for America member, he served in the state Assembly for six years before being elected to Congress in 2022 with Trump’s backing. But he has bucked the president, notably on tariffs. He also unsuccessfully ran to replace Gov. Gavin Newsom during the 2021 recall, and has been a constant critic of the governor.

Kiley is now running in a Sacramento-area district represented by Rep. Ami Bera (D-Elk Grove). Democrats in the newly drawn district had a nearly 9-point voter registration edge in 2024. Bera is now running in the new version of Kiley’s district.

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In Kiley’s new race, his top rival is Dr. Richard Pan of Sacramento, a former state senator and staunch supporter of vaccinations.

“Kevin Kiley can try to rebrand himself, but voters know his extreme record,” Pan said in a statement. “He has stood with Donald Trump 98% of the time and was named a ‘MAGA Champion.’ The people of this district deserve better than political opportunism disguised as moderation. This race is about who will actually fight for healthcare, public health, and working families. I’ve done that my entire career. Kevin Kiley has not.”

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