Vermont

Then Again: William Lloyd Garrison’s roots as a Vermont journalist – VTDigger

Published

1 year ago

February 2, 2025

Then Again: William Lloyd Garrison’s roots as a Vermont journalist – VTDigger

A statue of William Lloyd Garrison as an older man sits beside Commonwealth Avenue in Boston. Photo via Wikimedia Commons

America has probably never had a more influential journalist than William Lloyd Garrison. A social activist by calling, Garrison railed against intemperance (his father was an alcoholic who abandoned the family), gambling and war. But his real passion was the fight against slavery. He originally advocated gradual emancipation, but his beliefs evolved, and he eventually championed immediate and complete emancipation. While in his mid-20s, he organized the New England Anti-Slavery Society and the American Anti-Slavery Society, and for decades ran the widely circulated newspaper The Liberator, using it to shape the national slavery debate and help provide the political climate that President Lincoln needed to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.

But, in 1828, all that was in the future. Garrison was then a 22-year-old newspaperman living in Boston and in need of a job. He had until recently been editor of the National Philanthropist, a social reform newspaper. He’d left the Philanthropist to take a different job, which hadn’t materialized.

Fortunately for him, a group of prominent men from Bennington decided that this fiery young journalist was just who they needed to run a newspaper they planned to launch. The group traveled to Boston and offered Garrison the editorship of the Journal of the Times. The job would provide Garrison experience, an income and a venue to promote the many social causes he supported.

The Bennington men asked one thing of Garrison: that the newspaper strongly support the re-election of President John Quincy Adams. This was during America’s “party press era,” roughly lasting from 1783 through the 1830s, when newspapers served essentially as adjuncts to political parties. Recipients of party and governmental printing contracts, the newspapers aligned themselves with one of the political parties, and with the political views of their owners.

The Bennington group intended the Journal of the Times to serve as a counterweight to the Vermont Gazette, which backed Democratic challenger Andrew Jackson. Vermonters heavily supported Adams and his National Republican party, but organizers of the Journal weren’t taking chances. They hated Jackson and what he stood for.

Adams and Jackson disagreed over the role of government. Adams supported the so-called “American System” in which a strong federal government would impose high tariffs and sell public lands to fund internal improvements, principally roads and canals that would knit the country together. In contrast, Jackson was skeptical of centralized power and argued it would lead to monarchy. He therefore opposed the high tariffs and infrastructure projects. Similarly, Adams supported creation of a national bank to help the economy, while Jackson opposed it.

The candidates also differed in personality. Adams was the highly educated son of the second president, John Adams, and was a former U.S. secretary of state. Jackson was born poor and received a limited education, but grew rich through his marriage, legal career, land speculation and use of slave labor on his plantation. He was heralded as a war hero after leading the American victory at the Battle of New Orleans in 1815.

Adams’ supporters portrayed Jackson as illiterate and violent, saying he was a man of “blood and carnage.” They publicized that he had ordered the execution of men under his command over disputed claims that they had mutinied. They also told of how, during a military campaign in the Southeast against Native Americans, Jackson’s troops had slaughtered noncombatants and razed villages.

Garrison accepted the Bennington job, signing a six-month contract that covered the election season. At the time, in order to accommodate local needs and harvest times, federal law allowed states to hold elections anytime during a 34-day period before the first Wednesday in December. In 1828, Vermont’s elections were scheduled for Tuesday, Nov. 11.

Garrison moved to Vermont and on Oct. 3 published the newspaper’s first edition. In it, the new editor introduced the journal to the public by explaining its values and the reasons for its existence. He ridiculed editors who lacked the courage “to hunt down popular vices, to combat popular prejudices, to encounter the madness of party, to tell the truth and maintain the truth, cost what it may, to attack villainy in its higher walks, and strip presumption of its vulgar garb, to meet the frowns of the enemy with the smiles of a friend….”

Unlike the common practice of the era to print editorials in larger type than the rest of the paper in order to draw the reader’s attention, Garrison chose a smaller font, so he could write longer pieces. He had lots to say.

The rest of his editorial detailed the causes the Journal would promote. He called for “the suppression of intemperance and its associate vices, the gradual emancipation of every slave in the republic, and the perpetuity of national peace.” The newspaper would also advocate for education “not the tinsel, the frippery, and the incumbrance of classical learning, so called—but a popular, practical education.” Key to the nation’s economic future, Garrison added, was continuation of the “American System” to protect national industry and build transportation infrastructure.

Only at the end of the editorial did Garrison mention President Adams, the man whose re-election he was hired to promote. In truth, Garrison wasn’t so much a supporter of Adams, as an opponent of Jackson.

Though he was confident that the vast majority of Bennington County’s voters would vote to re-elect the president, Garrison wrote that Adams’ supporters have had their confidence “abused, their views misrepresented, their feelings insulted…they have been upbraided with apostasy, with treachery, with insincerity; and they have in their meekness borne till endurance has passed its bounds, and the pen of the slanderer become intolerable.”

A few days before the election, Garrison wrote in the Journal that whatever the vote’s outcome, “we shall thank God on our bended knees that we have been permitted to denounce, as unworthy … a man whose hands are crimsoned with innocent blood, whose lips are full of profanity, who looks on ‘blood and carnage with philosophic composure,’” a ”slaveholder,” “a military despot, who has broken the laws of his country,” and who has held many offices and “failed in all.”

Steeling Adams supporters to the possibility of losing to this man, Garrison wrote that being “in the minority against him would be better than to receive the commendations of a large and deluded majority. Since the existence of this republic, the chance of its continuance has never seemed so precarious.”

In the end, Adams’ supporters would have to console themselves by feeling they had at least voted for the better man. Jackson handily lost Bennington County and the rest of Vermont, but won the national vote and Electoral College to defeat Adams.

In the election’s aftermath, Garrison wrote grimly: “The great national conflict has terminated in a manner so utterly unexpected and disastrous, as to almost annihilate the hopes of every friend of his country. We have seen the triumph of turbulence over order, and of ignorance over knowledge. The passions of the multitude, cunningly inflamed to violence, have taken reason by force.”

The Journal continued to criticize Jackson, saying that “(w)ere it not for the ridicule of our transatlantic scorners,” it would be entertaining to hear the uneducated Jackson deliver an inaugural address that he himself had written. Fortunately for Jackson, however, his speech was being written by an associate who would “dictate flaming sentiments in very passable language.”

With the election behind him, Garrison was able to turn his attention to other social reform issues dear to him. Significantly, he devoted his Dec. 12 editorial to praising the work of Quaker antislavery activist Benjamin Lundy, sometimes now referred to as “The First Abolitionist.”

“The history of this individual will furnish a theme for the admiration and gratitude of posterity,” Garrison wrote. “If we survive him, he shall not lack a biographer.” In recent months, Garrison noted, the tireless Lundy had travelled 2,400 miles around New England and New York, including 1,600 on foot, to host 50 antislavery gatherings.

Garrison had met Lundy at a Boston boardinghouse several months before being offered the editorship in Bennington. Over dinner, Lundy, who was on a lecture tour, shared his strong anti-slavery views. The conversation persuaded Garrison to take up the issue as one of his main social reform causes. But whereas Lundy called for immediate emancipation, Garrison at the time supported gradual emancipation and “colonization,” a social movement that called for relocating formerly enslaved people to settlements in West Africa, primarily Liberia.

While Garrison was working in Bennington, Lundy received copies of the Journal at his home in Baltimore. He was pleased with what he read: Garrison was using his position to argue forcefully and eloquently for slavery’s eradication. Lundy was so pleased, in fact, that he walked from Baltimore to Bennington to meet with Garrison. Lundy walked so much because it was cheaper than riding a horse or booking passage on a stagecoach, and he wanted to conserve what little money he had to further the abolitionist cause. This meeting probably occurred in early 1829.

In Bennington, Lundy offered Garrison the editorship of his antislavery newspaper, the Genius of Universal Emancipation. When his six-month contract in Bennington expired at the end of March, Garrison returned to Boston, while Lundy was on a mission to Haiti. (Traveling with a dozen formerly enslaved people, Lundy was exploring whether the island country would be a suitable site for additional “colonization” efforts.)

A couple of months later, on July 4, 1829, Garrison gave his first major public speech on the evils of slavery before a crowd of roughly 1,500 at Boston’s Park Street Church. Paraphrasing the Declaration of Independence, he highlighted the hypocrisy of slavery existing in a country founded on the principle of freedom, remarking that “I do not claim the discovery as my own, that ‘all men are born equal,’ and that among their inalienable rights are ‘life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.’ ”

Garrison was now fully committed to the antislavery cause. He would soon leave Boston to join Lundy in Baltimore and devote the next three and a half decades to fighting the scourge of slavery. When Garrison died in 1879, Frederick Douglass, the famed African American social reformer, abolitionist, orator and writer, gave the eulogy.

“Let us guard his memory as a precious inheritance,” Douglass said, “let us teach our children the story of his life, let us try to imitate his virtues, and endeavor as he did, to leave the world freer, nobler and better than we found it.”

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Vermont

Vermont residents remain concerned over potential environmental provisions

Published

3 hours ago

April 7, 2026

Press Room

Vermont residents remain concerned over potential environmental provisions

This week, a bill that would make changes to Vermont’s Act 181 is receiving testimony in the House Committee on Environment. Certain provisions in Act 181 could trigger a permitting process through Vermont’s land use protection law, Act 250. A rule related to road building and some lands identified as “critical natural resource areas” by the state’s land use review board are expected to take effect this year. Last month, legislation passed the Senate and is currently in the House to push those deadlines back by a few years. For Corinth resident Neil Ryan, that not enough. “The group of people that was largely left out of the process: Rural Vermonters are having this imposed upon them with no say,” he said. Ryan and his family have built their own farms for generations. He believes if the provisions take effect, it would be very difficult for future generations to accomplish what he has. “The difficulty of the Act 250 process, the costs associated with the Act 250 process, we wouldn’t have started those farms likely,” he said. However, Ryan said he does support the portion of Act 181 that allows towns to opt into being exempt from the permitting process altogether. This is meant to assist housing development. On Tuesday, regional planning commissions told lawmakers that many towns have opted in. Still, Vermont is not on track for its goal of 40,000 + homes by 2030. “We’re not saying rural housing growth should stop or slow,” Executive Director of the Northwest RPC Catherine Dimitruk said. “Were saying those additional units that we need, we should be doing all we can to encourage and incentivize.”The bill will remain in House environment for the foreseeable future.

MONTPELIER, Vt. —

This week, a bill that would make changes to Vermont’s Act 181 is receiving testimony in the House Committee on Environment.

Certain provisions in Act 181 could trigger a permitting process through Vermont’s land use protection law, Act 250.

A rule related to road building and some lands identified as “critical natural resource areas” by the state’s land use review board are expected to take effect this year.

Last month, legislation passed the Senate and is currently in the House to push those deadlines back by a few years. For Corinth resident Neil Ryan, that not enough.

“The group of people that was largely left out of the process: Rural Vermonters are having this imposed upon them with no say,” he said.

Ryan and his family have built their own farms for generations. He believes if the provisions take effect, it would be very difficult for future generations to accomplish what he has.

“The difficulty of the Act 250 process, the costs associated with the Act 250 process, we wouldn’t have started those farms likely,” he said.

However, Ryan said he does support the portion of Act 181 that allows towns to opt into being exempt from the permitting process altogether. This is meant to assist housing development.

On Tuesday, regional planning commissions told lawmakers that many towns have opted in. Still, Vermont is not on track for its goal of 40,000 + homes by 2030.

“We’re not saying rural housing growth should stop or slow,” Executive Director of the Northwest RPC Catherine Dimitruk said. “Were saying those additional units that we need, we should be doing all we can to encourage and incentivize.”

The bill will remain in House environment for the foreseeable future.

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Vermont

Hour-by-hour: See when to expect steady snow Tuesday in Vermont, New York

Published

15 hours ago

April 7, 2026

Press Room

Roads will turn slippery mid-morning through mid-afternoon

Hour-by-hour: See when to expect steady snow Tuesday in Vermont, New York

Roads will turn slippery mid-morning through mid-afternoon

NBC5 meteorologists expect a burst of steady snow to arrive Tuesday morning in Vermont and northern New York, lasting through the early-mid afternoon. Deteriorating road conditions will lead to slow travel for several hours, with some improvement expected by the evening commute.Watch the video above to see the timeline for your area.

NBC5 meteorologists expect a burst of steady snow to arrive Tuesday morning in Vermont and northern New York, lasting through the early-mid afternoon.

Deteriorating road conditions will lead to slow travel for several hours, with some improvement expected by the evening commute.

Watch the video above to see the timeline for your area.

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Vermont

Magnificent 7: Must-See, Must-Do Events in and Around Vermont, April 8-15 | Seven Days

Published

1 day ago

April 6, 2026

Press Room

Magnificent 7: Must-See, Must-Do Events in and Around Vermont, April 8-15 | Seven Days

Perfectly Seasoned

Sunday 12

You know TV personality Alton Brown as the quirky host of hit reality cooking shows such as “Iron Chef America” and “Cutthroat Kitchen.” Now the culinary commentator and author takes the stage solo at Rutland’s Paramount Theatre for a no-frills show of his talents, trading the glitz and glamour of Hollywood for a more intimate showcase of food science, humor and heart.

Girl Almighty

Friday 10

Diana Whitney Credit: Courtesy of Beowulf Sheehan

Queer author and educator Diana Whitney launches her patriarchy-smashing poetry collection, Girl Trouble, in conversation with fellow writer Eve Alexandra at Next Stage Arts in Putney. Listeners hear unflinching takes on growing up female, adolescent trauma, rape culture and modern movements of resilience before roaring onto the dance floor to channel the grit and grace of feminism.

Fun Facts

Thursday 9

It’s no surprise that we stan Local News Day (see page 13). Journalism leaders and advocates fill Montpelier’s Kellogg-Hubbard Library for a fact-forward fête celebrating the value of civic transparency and trusted community information. A documentary screening and a panel discussion explore media ecosystems and spur dialogue about how to sustain an essential public resource.

Role Models

Saturday 11

Scale model makers and Lego lovers connect at CAN-AM Con at Williston’s National Guard Armory, where seminars and vendors complement a display contest honoring late Japanese producer Shunsaku Tamiya. Junior builders and veterans show off their finest constructions from any Tamiya kit for consideration in categories such as Best of Class and People’s Choice.

Saturday 11

Disco Inferno

The Current — Stowe’s center for contemporary art — invites philanthropic partygoers to the Lodge at Spruce Peak for Gala ’54: After Hours. The annual fundraiser boasts silent and live auctions, a cocktail reception, and chef-crafted food stations, all inspired by New York City’s glamorous Studio 54 era. Then revelers hit the dance floor to boogie oogie oogie in their flashiest disco dress.

See gallery listing at sevendaysvt.com/art

Piste de Résistance

Saturday 11 & Sunday 12

Music and winter culture festival Gather Outdoors takes Stratton Mountain Resort by storm with a superlative lineup of jam bands and electronic artists, including Philadelphia legends the Disco Biscuits and rising star Karina Rykman. The high-energy mountainside affair fuses plein air recreation with an immersive club atmosphere for an unforgettable end to the ski season.

Reading the Room

Tuesday 14

Vermont poet laureate Bianca Stone continues her “State of Poetry” tour with a stop at Phoenix Books in Burlington. Stone leads an analytical deep dive into the craft of late Nobel Prize-winning writer — and the nation’s 12th poet laureate — Louise Glück, underscoring the vital cultural impact of her contributions to American literature.