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Gov. Scott proposes sweeping education property tax reforms for Vermont: How it will work

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Gov. Scott proposes sweeping education property tax reforms for Vermont: How it will work


Gov. Phil Scott’s highly anticipated “bold” plans to reform the education property tax system were revealed on Jan. 22 — the most notable among them to completely redesign the funding formula and condense Vermont’s 52 school districts and supervisory unions into just five regional districts.

During the almost 50-minute presentation, Secretary of Education Zoie Saunders and Tax Commissioner Craig Bolio pitched the ambitious proposal as a way to make Vermont’s infamously complicated and expensive property tax system more affordable, transparent and predictable, while also improving education quality and equity.

Scott’s proposal comes after years of historic property tax increases, which hit a tipping point last year with an almost 14% jump, Saunders said. In response, an unprecedented 33% of school budgets failed to pass in 2024, especially in less wealthy areas of the state. Vermonters also showed their frustration when they voted in November to reduce Democrats’ legislative power from a supermajority to a slim lead in both the House and Senate.

“There is an urgency to act,” Saunders said.

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Scott’s plan received initial positive reactions from House Speaker Krowinski (D-Burlington) and Senate pro tempore Phil Baruth (P/D-Burlington), who in a joint statement thanked the governor for his proposal and said committees in both chambers would pour over it and listen to community feedback in the coming weeks.

The Vermont-National Education Association (NEA), however, criticized the governor’s plan as “big on rhetoric but short on the details.”

“It doesn’t explain how these changes would be better for students,” the NEA said in a statement. “It doesn’t simplify an overly complex school funding system. And it doesn’t provide immediate and ongoing property tax relief for middle-class Vermonters.”

How would this change local school districts?

Scott’s plan seeks to simplify the governance structure of Vermont’s public school system — paring 52 school districts and supervisory unions down to five regional districts — which both Saunders and Bolio say would reduce redundancy, improve efficiency and free up funds for higher priorities, such as increasing teachers’ salaries.

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Under the five-district model, each regional district would have one school board with elected members serving in paid part-time roles. Every district would have one central office with “robust” staff, Saunders said.

To maintain local influence under the new model, each school would have a school advisory council comprised of caregivers, educators, staff and students.

What are the five education regional districts?

Vermont’s five regional districts would be divided into the Champlain Valley district, Winooski Valley district, the Northwest region, the Southwest region and the Southeast region.

Each district would support between 10,000 to 15,000 students, except for Champlain Valley (where Chittenden County is located), which would support just over 34,000 students.

How does Scott think this will make schools more equitable and affordable?

Saunders said that Vermont’s current system fails to provide “equitable education for all,” especially for children who are economically disadvantaged, English learners, and children with special needs. But there are also disparities in Vermont’s system based on geography, with schools in poorer areas fielding fewer courses, credits and experienced staff members than wealthier areas, which in turn impacts performance outcomes, Saunders said.

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Under the current property tax system, voters decide how much funding their individual communities need and the state raises it through statewide taxes, a system that does not incentivize voters from wealthier areas (who can afford higher taxes) to trim bloat from their budgets, Bolio said.

“The worst part is the lowest-spending, highest-needs communities struggled the most to pass their budgets,” Saunders said.

The new proposed funding formula, called a foundation formula, would put the legislature in charge of setting a base spending rate for each student, with added weights to balance the needs of traditionally disadvantaged students. If some districts want to spend more than what the state proposes, they can do so on an individual level.

“The biggest takeaway is the ability for us to ensure our students receive the same level of resources to meet their needs regardless of geography,” Saunders said.

How much that base rate will be has not been publicly released yet, but will be “very generous” in comparison to other states, while also affordable, according to Saunders.

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Megan Stewart is a government accountability reporter for the Burlington Free Press. Contact her at mstewartyounger@gannett.com.



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Visitors spent over $1B in Chittenden County in record VT tourism year

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Visitors spent over B in Chittenden County in record VT tourism year


Vermont’s tourism industry set new records in 2024, with 16 million visitors spending $4.2 billion, according to a community announcement.

The increase in both visitation and spending marks a modest rise from 2023, according to a study by Tourism Economics.

Visitor spending accounted for 9% of Vermont’s gross domestic product, significantly higher than the 2023 national state average of 3%. The tourism sector directly supports 31,780 jobs, or 10% of the state’s workforce, compared to the national average of 4.6%.

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Direct spending by visitors in 2024 included $1.5 billion for lodging, $876 million for food and beverages, $680 million in retail, $678 million for transportation and $462 million for recreation and entertainment. The spending generated $293.5 million in state and local taxes, equivalent to $1,089 per Vermont household.

“As we think about economic impact, it is important to recognize that visitors to Vermont are essentially temporary taxpayers, bringing in outside money that helps to make Vermont more affordable for all of us,” said Department of Tourism and Marketing Commissioner Heather Pelham. “Every guest who buys a meal, stays the night, or heads to the mountain is supporting our businesses, sustaining jobs for Vermonters and funding the essential services that keep our communities strong.”

When considering the broader economic impact, including supply chain purchases and employee spending, the ripple effects of visitor spending amounted to $7 billion in economic activity in 2024.

The report also provided county-specific data, showing increased spending in every county. Chittenden County accounted for the highest share of visitor spending at 24.5%, at well over $1 billion. Lamoille, Rutland and Windsor counties each represented more than 10% of statewide visitor spending.

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In Caledonia County, direct spending from visitors reached $109 million, a 7.7% increase from 2023.

“During the 2024 total solar eclipse, the positive impact of tourism on a rural community like St. Johnsbury was clear,” said Gillian Sewake, director of Discover St. Johnsbury. “An estimated 23,000 people came to our town alone. It was wonderful to feel that vibrancy in our downtown, with visitors filling sidewalks, enjoying the attractions that we know and love, and helping businesses break revenue records.”

In Bennington County, tourism generated almost $300 million in direct spending in 2024.

“Tourism is one of our region’s most powerful economic drivers, supporting nearly 13% of our workforce,” said John Burnham, executive director of the Manchester Business Association. “But its value reaches far beyond jobs. Visitor spending strengthens our economy, sustains small businesses, and helps fund the local services and amenities we all rely on, from restaurants and trails to cultural attractions and community events. Tourism also inspires us to preserve our historic character and adds a vibrancy that enriches everyday life. Simply put, the visitor economy helps keep our region the welcoming, thriving place we’re proud to call home.”

The 2024 economic impact report comes at a time when resident support of tourism is strong. In the University of Vermont Center for Rural Studies 2025 Vermonter Poll, 85% of residents agreed with the statement “Tourism is important to my local economy,” and 78% agreed with the statement “Increased tourism would have a beneficial impact on my local community.”

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To read “Economic Impact of Visitors in Vermont 2024,” learn more about the report’s methodology, and the additional indirect and induced effects of visitor spending, visit the Vermont Department of Tourism and Marketing Tourism Research webpage, accd.vermont.gov/tourism/research.

This story was created by reporter Beth McDermott, bmcdermott1@usatodayco.com, with the assistance of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Journalists were involved in every step of the information gathering, review, editing and publishing process. Learn more at cm.usatoday.com/ethical-conduct.



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Obstacles for Vermont refugees is focus at roundtable

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Obstacles for Vermont refugees is focus at roundtable


BENNINGTON — Sitting in a circle at the Bennington County Multicultural Community Center, Jack Rossiter-Munley shared the story of two families with whom he had worked.

The families had immigrated from South Sudan to Bennington, which was designated as a refugee site in October 2022. Since then, about 205 refugees have immigrated to the town. But the lives that they had hoped for in the United States haven’t necessarily come to fruition.

“These are folks who needed more orientation to work in the United States, but also the line is moving, and so you’re no longer on the line,” said Rossiter-Munley, the director of the Bennington County Multicultural Community Center. “Because their actual work here was unstable, they decided, ‘we’re just going to try to find work somewhere else.’”

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Some of the family members moved to the Midwest, where they hoped to find a larger South Sudanese community and more support from their relatives. Those still in Bennington are looking to follow, he said.

Rossiter-Munley and about a dozen other people were gathered on Dec. 5 at BCMCC for a roundtable on Employment Support for New Americans, part of Gov. Phil Scott’s “Capital for a Day” initiative. That day, Scott and several of his cabinet members stationed themselves around Bennington County, holding meetings and hosting conversations with local leaders as they heard how to better support Bennington County.

The roundtable came at an especially pressing time for local immigrants. On Dec. 2, the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration services under President Trump announced that it would pause its review of applications for green cards, asylum and citizenship following the shooting of two National Guard officers deployed in Washington, D.C. The pause applies to 19 countries — including Afghanistan and the Republic of Congo — from where many new Americans in Bennington emigrate.

People also come to Bennington from Venezuela, South Sudan and Iraq as part of the resettlement programs, Rossiter-Munley said. At the following Monday’s Select Board meeting, he read a statement on behalf of Afghan women in Bennington, condemning the violence in Washington, D.C. and asking for the community’s understanding. And at the roundtable, he was clear about the legal implications for those already living in Bennington: “nothing has changed.”

Kendal Smith, commissioner of the Department of Labor, was in attendance at the Dec. 5 meeting and represented Vermont. She sought to understand how the state could better support immigrants and refugees in Bennington County.

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The biggest challenges Smith identified were language access support, transportation and licensing attainment, she said.

Translation is an area that gets highlighted the most in Bennington because the town is “uniquely deficient” in providing such community support, Rossiter-Munley said. Bennington county was almost 95 percent white, according to the latest census data.

Smith said that the Department of Labor is exploring funding the purchase of more translation devices to help overcome language barriers at work. The state currently contracts with Propio, an AI-based interpretation service. BCMCC uses Boostlingo to translate their speech into languages like Swahili and Dinka.

Another difficulty in Bennington is access to transportation to work. Wendy Morris, the Department of Labor’s regional manager, said that even commutes between Bennington and Manchester can pose serious challenges for new Americans.

“We help them get a job — let’s say we could do that, and we get them to Manchester,” she said. “We do the interview with them. How do we get them there every single day?”

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The Department of Labor will explore “creative ways” to fund and provide driver’s licenses to immigrants and refugees, said Rowan Hawthorne, the policy and legislative affairs director at the Commissioner’s office. The Department will also work with the Office of Professional Regulation to “overcome licensing transfer barriers.”

Nearly every member of the roundtable stressed that immigrants and refugees in Bennington faced difficulties finding jobs that suited their training — for example, as pharmacists or engineers — and often were met with employers who were skeptical about hiring them.

All of it means that volunteers and leaders working with refugees are stretched thin.

“I can’t say enough how everybody in this room is doing more than their job,” said Sean-Marie Oller, director of the Tutorial Center, a Bennington nonprofit that provides adult education and literacy classes.

Still, Rossiter-Munley tries to be optimistic. He cited a study that showed refugee resettlement provided a net benefit of $123.8 billion to local, state and federal economies. And he’s encouraged by the state Department of Labor’s openness to growth.

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“When we are sitting down to meet with employers, or offering support or working alongside the Department of Labor, the more of that knowledge can become just part of the day-to-day work of a how a local department … functions,” he said.

“This is part of how we work, and it’s not a special one-time project.”



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‘Wreaths Across America’ observed at Vermont Veterans’ Home

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‘Wreaths Across America’ observed at Vermont Veterans’ Home


BENNINGTON — Holiday commemorations extended to the Vermont Veterans’ Home cemetery on Saturday, where community members gathered to honor the service men and women interred there through Wreaths Across America. Among those participating were members of Bennington’s own Civil Air Patrol.

The wreath-laying included an official ceremony, as well as laying wreaths at veteran graves and saying the veterans’ names out loud.

“So many Vermonters have sacrificed to serve in our Armed Forces. Sponsoring a wreath is a sign of gratitude to our veterans – both those who are living and to those who have departed,” said Susan Sweetser, the founder of the Vermont Veteran Moms group for Wreath Across America. “The first year after my daughter, Sgt. Virginia L. Sweetser, passed away and was buried at the Vermont Veterans Cemetery in Randolph, I participated in the Wreaths Across America event in Randolph. I was so discouraged to see that only 250 wreaths had been sponsored for the over 4,000 graves at VVMC. I vowed that I would work to change that. We have come a long way and I am praying that this will be the year that we see all the participating veteran graves covered.”

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Wreaths Across America provides wreaths for Veteran graves all over the U.S., including the graves at Arlington National Cemetery.



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