Jane Tuv is having so many panic assaults about her aunt, who’s refusing to go away Kyiv, the Ukrainian capital, that she has turned to remedy. The latest horrifying discovery of civilian our bodies in a Kyiv suburb has made her much more afraid.

Ms. Tuv, who lives in Rego Park, Queens, has meticulously mapped out directions with bus and practice schedules for her aunt, Tetiana Guzik. She has wired cash and appeared up locations to remain in Poland, Hungary and Romania. However Ms. Guzik is staying put.

“I actually advised her the precise steps she must take,” Ms. Tuv, 36, stated. “However she’s developing with all kinds of excuses.”

In a latest WhatsApp interview, Ms. Guzik, 53, defined that she had fled earlier than, with all the next emotions of panic, worry and loss, when Russia took over her hometown in Crimea in 2014. It had taken her years to really feel like she was house once more, and Kyiv was the place she supposed to remain.

Ms. Guzik tries to placate her niece in New York by sending her images of meals objects she is ready to discover amid shortages: cherry-liqueur candies someday, a baguette one other.

“Look!” she stated to Ms. Tuv throughout a WhatsApp chat after one such profitable foraging, earlier than describing how, on a latest journey to the grocery store, she heard a loud bang. She ran out to discover a rocket had fallen and gotten caught between two homes. Nonetheless, that didn’t deter her: She was staying.

“Have you ever misplaced your thoughts?” Ms. Tuv recalled saying to her aunt.

“Have you misplaced your thoughts?” her aunt retorted. “Cease being hysterical and go take your meds.”

Such fraught conversations — between middle-aged and older individuals refusing to hitch the exodus of 4 million Ukrainians from their homeland and their panicked, imploring relations abroad — have been going down for the reason that warfare started. And plenty of of these conversations contain residents of the New York Metropolis metropolitan space, which has the biggest Ukrainian group in america.

Causes for staying fluctuate. For some it’s delight of place, a necessity to not desert the homeland. For others, it’s the paralyzing worry of unknown elements, like getting caught in crossfire whereas on a bus or practice or bridge. For individuals who have seen warfare and displacement earlier than — one thing many Ukrainians are aware of — it may be a triggered response to previous trauma and violence, psychologists say.

“You’re in an altered state,” stated Sophia Richman, a Holocaust survivor who’s a school member at New York College’s Postdoctoral Program in Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis.

“You would justify to your self and it could be a real rationalization — ‘Oh, every thing shall be all proper. I’m certain every thing shall be all proper.’” Mainly, she stated, for a lot of older individuals who have skilled warlike conditions earlier than, a sort of self-defense can kick in.

This is sensible to Nazar Lubchenko, who has dad and mom and prolonged household in Kramatorsk, a city bordering Donetsk, one of many breakaway areas that Russia invaded eight years in the past. The city was captured for 3 months. As soon as Ukraine regained management of the realm, his dad and mom renovated their “dacha,” or summer season home, planting greens and pruning their peach bushes.

“There’s a saying in Ukraine which roughly interprets to there being a cherry tree subsequent to my house, and the bees are buzzing. It symbolizes your supreme life in Ukraine — you have got your home, your property and your backyard,” he stated. “So they won’t go away it.”

When the invasion started in February, Kramatorsk was shelled plenty of occasions. Mr. Lubchenko, 32, who lives in Hoboken, N.J., urged his dad and mom to take a practice to western Ukraine. His appeals fell on deaf ears.

Taras, his father, shared a hyperlink that gave directions on function an antitank missile, adopted by a winking emoji. Olga, his mom, defined {that a} native oligarch “would care for us,” after which shared images that confirmed her planting seeds within the backyard.

“They gained’t develop properly within the basement the place you’ll be hiding,” responded Mr. Lubchenko, who has a level in nuclear physics from M.I.T. and works at a hedge fund.

Though he has the assets to assist, no amount of cash will change his dad and mom’ thoughts, Mr. Lubchenko stated. “They suppose that they know every thing about this life and have all their life expertise, they usually don’t want any recommendation from me.”

His dad and mom went via the Russian invasion eight years in the past, and they’re predicting the identical will occur this time round, he stated. “They nonetheless have pasta left over from 2014!”

Liza Gutina, who lives in Boerum Hill, Brooklyn, has a 65-year outdated uncle who’s refusing to go away Kherson, in southern Ukraine, one of many cities that was taken over by the Russians within the early days of the invasion.

At first her uncle Alexander, a mathematician who requested to not be totally recognized, was staying put for logistical causes: The routes out of the town had been blocked, and a few individuals bought killed on their means out. However now situations within the streets, her uncle stated, have gone from horrifying to virtually absurd. She worries that he sees life there as a brand new regular — one thing disturbing, however survivable.

After the Russian troopers completed looting, her uncle advised her, they confined themselves to their armed automobiles specifically elements of the town. Often, he would move by native protests on his every day walks, throughout which he would watch the troopers forcefully take away essentially the most energetic contributors. Just a few days later, they’d be launched and he’d see the protesters once more, at one other rally.

“I really feel like I’m in a sci-fi film the place you reside a standard life, however you recognize the aliens are there, and occasionally, they steal individuals, after which give them again,” he stated throughout a latest WhatsApp dialog.

For some older Ukrainians, familiarity continues to trump uncertainty.

Sasha Krasny, 48, who lives in Forest Hills, Queens, has been attempting to steer her 83-year-old aunt, Ludmila Steblina, to go away her house in Kharkiv, the place a bomb went off on her avenue two weeks in the past, blowing out the balcony home windows of her condominium.

“I believed that might shake her up,” Ms. Krasny stated. “However she’s like, ‘No. I do know every thing right here. I do know what to anticipate. If I left, I don’t know the place I’m going. I don’t understand how I’m going to outlive this journey. If I must go to the toilet, who will I ask for assist?’”

After the bomb, Ms. Steblina moved her mattress away from the home windows, however then fell ailing from the chilly wind that entered via the blown-out home windows, she stated. Ms. Krasny labored with volunteers to get her aunt a heater. However future assistance is unsure — a few of the volunteers have died amid heavy shelling. When there’s shelling, Ms. Steblina sits inside her bathtub.

“It’s so tense for me to be on the skin,” Ms. Krasny stated. “I can not even comprehend what it feels wish to be there, so I’ve to be cognizant of that. Placing strain — I don’t suppose it really works.”

Ms. Guzik, Ms. Tuv’s aunt in Kyiv, has tried to elucidate to her niece why she is intent on staying within the capital.

“Look, you’re spherical your 4 partitions. You’re feeling safer than whenever you’re simply out wherever you might be,” she stated from her front room one latest night, her home windows taped over with thick cloth, in order that the sunshine wouldn’t entice the eye of nocturnal missile strikes.

She tried to cheer her niece up, describing how she was skirting a ban on alcohol gross sales, which was simply lifted, by stocking up on candies full of cherry liqueur and getting mildly drunk.

She smiled at her niece, her cheeks glowing white from the sunshine of her smartphone.

“Someone has to maintain the roots right here,” she stated, “as a result of whoever hasn’t left but must be liable for maintaining the roots.”

Misha Friedman contributed reporting.