New York
How NYC Has Changed Since the Covid Pandemic
The millionaires returned. Others are eyeing the exits.
New York City lost, on net, close to 350,000 residents from 2020 to 2023. Policymakers were particularly worried about the departure of the very wealthy and its impact on the city’s tax base.
In the first two years of the pandemic, the city lost about 17,500 residents from the top 1 percent of income earners — those making $815,000 a year or more. Though small in number, that loss represented a 20 percent decline in ultrawealthy residents, according to Emily Eisner, the chief economist at the Fiscal Policy Institute.
But the fears were overblown. The latest census estimates show the city’s population beginning to rebound in 2023 and 2024, growing by 121,893 people over that period.
In 2023, the net total of very rich residents leaving the city was virtually flat, and a strong stock market early in the pandemic helped mint more millionaires.
Still, other vital groups in the city were more likely to leave.
Households with children under 6 years old were more than twice as likely as households without young children to leave the city in 2023. And while migration trends have largely returned to prepandemic norms, Dr. Eisner said, Black residents were still twice as likely as white ones to leave — a trend that predates Covid-19.
Not since the Great Depression have so few babies been born in the city, and school enrollment is falling.
The rush of school-age children out of New York City during the pandemic has left behind a population that is getting older and having fewer babies.
There were 99,000 babies born in the city in 2021 and 2022 — the fewest in any year since the late 1890s other than 1936, during the Great Depression.
Attendance in New York City’s public schools, the largest system in the country, is the lowest it has been in four decades. There are 111,000 fewer children enrolled in public or private school in the city than in the 2018-19 school year.
Change in school enrollment since the 2018-19 school year
Source: New York State Department of Education
The New York Times
Immigrants helped reverse population loss.
More than 230,000 migrants have arrived in New York City since spring 2022, an immigration wave that has been the largest in American history. Thousands were bused from the southern border by order of the Texas governor, but many arrived in New York on their own.
Their arrival has helped stem the city’s population decline. New York City ended last year with 8.48 million people, up from 8.39 million in 2023. But it is still down more than 262,000 people compared with 2020.
Jobs are back. But growth is mostly in low-wage industries.
No city lost jobs like New York. Two months into the pandemic, more than a fifth of workers were unemployed.
So it was celebrated news when, in the fall of 2023, Mayor Eric Adams proclaimed that the city had regained all 946,000 private-sector jobs that had been lost, a year ahead of some predictions.
But most of the new jobs were in lower-paying industries. Home health care, a sector that pays an average of $31,800 a year, grew 45 percent from December 2019 to December 2024, more than any other industry.
At the same time, a wide swath of middle-income jobs that provide many immigrants and young people a toehold in the economy have shrunk. The retail industry, which pays workers an average of $56,200 per year, shed 54,100 jobs from December 2019 to December 2024, a 15 percent drop.
The construction industry, which pays an average of $93,300 a year, often without requiring a college degree, lost 30,700 jobs over the same period.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics Note: Data is not seasonally adjusted.
The New York Times
Construction jobs in New York City
The wage gap is widening…
In much of the country, the pandemic actually reduced income inequality, as lower-paid workers took advantage of a tight job market and a rising minimum wage in many states.
Not in New York.
In the city, most of the wage growth since the pandemic has accrued among the highest-paid workers, according to the Center for New York City Affairs at the New School.
In fact, while low- and middle-wage workers’ income largely stagnated from 2019 to 2024, the highest earners — in fields like finance, tech and information — saw their hourly wages soar, said Mohamed Obaidy, an economist with the center.
Those top-earning workers, who made $312,000 or more last year, have seen their average hourly wages grow four times faster since 2019 than workers in the bottom fifth of wage earners, who made less than $36,000 in 2024. Middle-income workers did not fare much better.
“For the top 3 percent, the post-Covid period is the golden era,” Mr. Obaidy said.
…and poverty is soaring.
More than 2 million New York City residents, or one in four, could not afford basic necessities like shelter, food and clothing in 2023, according to one recent survey. That represents the highest poverty rate in the city since at least 2015, said Christopher Wimer, the director of the Center on Poverty and Social Policy at the Columbia School of Social Work, which conducted the survey. The findings were in line with census figures, which also showed a rise in poverty since the pandemic began.
A family of two adults and two children was considered in poverty if the household made less than $47,190 a year. The median household income in the city in 2023 was about $76,500.
Source: Census Bureau American Community Survey (1-year estimates)
The New York TimesPercentage of the population below the poverty line
The surge in poverty was driven by two major factors. Government aid instituted during the pandemic, including an expanded child tax credit and cash payments to low-income families, ended at the same time that the cost of rent and household goods went up.
High inflation stretched people’s budgets nationwide, but in New York, according to the Columbia survey, the poverty rate was nearly double the national average. That’s because of the high cost of living, which was driven by housing costs, Dr. Wimer said.
“Hearing that New York is back,” he said, “for me, it begs the question: Back for whom?”
New York City became an even more expensive place to live, for both renters and homeowners.
The city has never been a cheap place to own or rent a home — but it’s even more expensive five years after the start of the pandemic.
Nearly 630,000 households spend more than half their income on rent. The median asking price for an apartment was $3,645 per month in February, more than 25 percent higher than at the start of the pandemic. No part of the city is untouched. The steepest increase — nearly 40 percent — has been in the Bronx, long seen as the city’s most affordable borough.
The city’s spending on rental assistance, to help people in homeless shelters find apartments and to provide a lifeline to renters who face eviction, has soared. It is expected to hit $1.1 billion this fiscal year, which started in July. In 2021, the city spent $302 million.
Any solution to the housing affordability crisis, politicians and housing advocates say, must include the construction of housing of all kinds. Last year was a banner year for the building of new units, with nearly 34,000 added, the most since 1965. But it is not enough, and new construction has slowed significantly.
For homeowners, it has never been more expensive to buy in the city. The median sale price was $865,000 in February, a 28 percent increase since early 2020. The median cost to buy in Brooklyn or Manhattan remained about the same: around $1 million.
Companies occupy less space in Manhattan’s office buildings than they did a quarter-century ago.
In the first two decades of the 21st century, the Manhattan skyline was redrawn with towering office buildings to serve the demands of growing companies. That building boom resulted in 419 million square feet of office space, by far the largest office district in the United States.
But companies offloaded offices as the pandemic disrupted the five-day workweek, and they now occupy the lowest amount of space in Manhattan in at least a quarter-century. The percentage of unoccupied space is more than six times higher than in 2000. That glut could fill 32 One World Trade Centers.
Source: Cushman & Wakefield Real Estate
The New York Times
Office vacancy in New York City
Many companies have found they can operate with smaller footprints and with remote workers. White-collar workers in the city now spend about 30 percent of their time working at home, up from a national average of about 7 percent before the pandemic.
Some firms have reversed course. Return-to-office demands, along with an increase in office lease signings in 2024, have led developers and brokers to hope that the market is rebounding.
And yet, in a sign of continuing uncertainty and rising construction costs, the building of new office towers has nearly stopped. No developer has broken ground on the next big property in Manhattan and may not for some time.
Tourism and Entertainment
Tourism collapsed at the start of the pandemic as visitors stayed home.
It’s hard to overstate the importance of tourism to New York City. It sustains numerous industries, employs hundreds of thousands of workers and contributes substantial tax revenue.
Before the pandemic, the city welcomed record numbers of tourists annually and was on track to host 76 million visitors in 2024. The pandemic decimated those projections.
As the city reopened, tourists returned. More than 64 million people visited in 2024, the third most of any year.
There are still fewer international visitors, especially from China, who have historically spent more money in the city and stayed longer than domestic visitors. More than 1.1 million tourists from China traveled to New York City in 2019. It was about half that in 2024.
Visits to many major tourist destinations, such as the Metropolitan Museum of Art, has surpassed that of years before the pandemic. But a few blocks away, the Guggenheim Museum has announced budget cuts in response to lagging attendance. Other attractions, such as Broadway, have rebounded but not fully recovered.
Sources: Broadway League; Internet Broadway Database Note: Broadway shows were mostly canceled between March 2020 and September 2021.
The New York Times
Total attendance at Broadway shows
Tourists are paying more and more to stay in the city.
The average nightly hotel rate last year in New York City was $314, up 28 percent from 2019. December saw the highest average monthly rate in the city’s history: $440, according to CoStar, a real estate analytics company.
John Fitzgerald, who owns two hotels in Manhattan, said that the last few months of 2024 were the strongest for bookings since the pandemic started. But many travelers, especially those from Europe, where a weakened euro has made visiting the United States more expensive, are groaning about the sticker shock, he said.
“We are still down, but the city is buzzing and our bookings are up, both corporate and leisure,” Mr. Fitzgerald said.
Delivery workers are here to stay.
No other labor force in the city grew and evolved in the last five years quite like delivery workers. Once largely limited to pizza joints and mail couriers, delivery work has become a permanent feature of city life, reshaping the logistics of everything from takeout meals and groceries to retail and prescription drugs.
Since 2019, the number of delivery workers whizzing by on e-bikes and other vehicles has roughly doubled to 60,000, according to James Parrott, a senior fellow at the Center for New York City Affairs.
The rapid growth of the sector, much of it spurred by recent immigrants, gave workers leverage to push for better pay. In late 2023, after months of resistance from delivery app companies, the minimum hourly wage for food-delivery drivers was set to just under $18, not including tips. This year, it will rise to over $21, exceeding the citywide minimum of $16.50. (The pay is based on the time the workers are actively making deliveries.)
Despite companies’ protests that higher pay would hurt the industry, deliveries have continued to grow. In the third quarter of 2024, 2.54 million food deliveries were made per week, a 1 percent increase from the same period the previous year, according to the Department of Consumer and Worker Protection.
A big shift in retail means the city looks less like a mall.
Many critics have long lamented an ever-growing number of big-box retail stores in New York City that evoke the feel of a suburban mall.
The economics that supported many of them were already shifting before the pandemic, but remote work and a surge in online shopping have wiped out hundreds of stores from the biggest companies.
There were 1,225 fewer chain stores in New York City in November 2024 than there were in late 2019, a drop of more than 15 percent, according to Jonathan Bowles, the executive director of the Center for an Urban Future.
From 2020 through the third quarter of 2024, nearly every category of store in the city — from apparel and electronics to furniture and beauty products — had more closures than openings, according to the Department of City Planning.
For a brief period, illicit smoke shops flooded many retail corridors, but a city crackdown on unlicensed businesses has forced many of them to close.
And the storefront economy made a comeback, thanks to restaurants.
The city’s storefront economy is reliant, perhaps more than ever, on food and drink.
When nearly every other type of storefront business suffered, it was restaurants that helped drive down vacancies citywide. From 2000 to 2023, the number of restaurants in the city nearly doubled, climbing to over 21,170.
While Manhattan had the most restaurants overall, over 9,400, the recent growth was strongest in the other boroughs, in neighborhoods where residents’ changing work schedules meant they were spending more time outside the city’s central business districts.
Korean fried chicken shops, Taiwanese bubble tea cafes and Greek lunch spots are among the franchises gaining traction, as some fast-food stalwarts and pharmacies shrank their footprints.
The range of cuisines is a reflection of the city’s reliance on a largely immigrant work force, Mr. Bowles said, adding that foreign-born people make up about 57 percent of the restaurant work force in New York.
There is already concern that the Trump administration’s plan to deport millions of immigrants could have a chilling effect on the city’s growing but fragile restaurant scene.
“It is not an overstatement that we are going to be seeing real labor shortages at employers across the city,” Mr. Bowles said.
How can people possibly afford to live in one of the most expensive cities on the planet? It’s a question New Yorkers hear a lot, often delivered with a mix of awe, pity and confusion.
We surveyed hundreds of New Yorkers about how they spend, splurge and save. We found that many people — rich, poor or somewhere in between — live life as a series of small calculations that add up to one big question: What makes living in New York worth it?
It has never really occurred to Marian or Charles Wade to live anywhere but the city where they were born and where they raised their children.
New York is in their bones. “We have our roots here, and our families enjoyed life here before us,” Ms. Wade said.
And they feel lucky. Between Mr. Wade’s pension, earned after more than 40 years as an analyst at the Manhattan district attorney’s office, and his Social Security benefits, along with Ms. Wade’s work as a physical therapist at a psychiatric center, they bring in about $208,000 a year.
Still, it’s hard for the couple not to notice how much the city has changed as it has become wealthier.
About 10 years ago, Ms. Wade, 65, and Mr. Wade, 69, sold the Morningside Heights apartment they had lived in for decades. The Manhattan neighborhood had become more affluent, and tensions over how their building should be managed and how much residents should be expected to pay for upkeep boiled over between people who had lived there for years and newer neighbors.
They found a new home in Harlem, large enough to fit their two children, who are now adults struggling to afford the city’s housing market.
All in the Family
Ms. Wade knew it was time to leave Morningside Heights when she spotted her husband hiding behind a bush outside their building, hoping to avoid an unpleasant new neighbor. They had bought their apartment in 1994 for $206,000, using some money they had inherited from their families, and sold it in 2015 for $1.13 million.
The couple found a new apartment in the Sugar Hill section of Harlem for $811,000, and put most of the money down upfront. They took out a loan with a good rate for the remaining cost, and had a $947 monthly payment. They recently finished paying off the mortgage, but they have monthly maintenance payments of $1,555, as well as two temporary assessments to help improve the building, totaling $415 a month.
Their two children each moved home shortly after graduating from college.
The couple’s son, Jacob Wade, 28, split an apartment with three roommates nearby for a while, but spent down his savings and moved back in with his parents. He is searching for an affordable one bedroom nearby and plans to move out later in the year. Their daughter, Elka Wade, 27, came home after college but recently moved to an apartment in Astoria, Queens, with roommates.
Until their daughter moved out a few weeks ago, she and her brother each took a bedroom, and Mr. and Ms. Wade slept in the dining room, which they had converted into their bedroom with the help of a Murphy bed and a new set of curtains for privacy.
There is very little storage space. A piano occupies an entire closet in their son’s bedroom, because the family has no other place to fit it.
The setup is cramped, but close quarters have their benefits: When their daughter, a classically trained cellist, was living there, she often practiced at home in the evenings. “I love listening to her play,” Ms. Wade said.
Three Foodtowns and a Thrift Shop
The Wades do what they can to keep their costs low. They’ve decided against installing new, better insulated windows in their drafty apartment. They don’t go on vacations, instead visiting their small weekend home in rural upstate New York. And they’ve pulled back on takeout food and retail shopping.
Instead, Mr. Wade surveys the three Foodtown supermarkets near their home for the best deals, preferring one for produce and another for meat. The weekly grocery bill has been around $500 with both kids living at home, and the family usually orders delivery twice a week, rotating between Chinese and Indian food, which typically costs $70, including leftovers.
For an occasional splurge, they love Pisticci, a nearby restaurant where the penne with homemade mozzarella costs $21.
The couple owns a car, which they park on the street for free. But they often use public transportation to avoid paying the $9 congestion pricing fee to drive downtown, or when they have a good parking spot they don’t want to give up. They have a senior discount for their transit cards, which allows them to pay $1.50 per subway or bus ride, rather than $3.
Ms. Wade stopped shopping at the stores she used to frequent, like Eileen Fisher and Banana Republic, years ago. Instead, she visits a thrift store called Unique Boutique on the Upper West Side. She was browsing the aisles a few months ago, before a big Thanksgiving dinner, and spotted the perfect dress for the occasion for just $20.
But she has one nonnegotiable weekly expense: a private yoga lesson in an instructor’s apartment nearby, for $150 a session.
Swapping Mortgage Payments for Singing Lessons
For every member of the Wade family, life in New York is all about the arts.
The children each attended the Special Music School, a public school focused on the arts. Their son, an actor, teacher and director, works part time at the Metropolitan Opera and the Kaufman Music Center, a performing arts complex in Manhattan. His sister works in administration at the Kaufman Center.
Mr. Wade is still close with friends from high school who are now professional musicians, and the couple often goes to see them play at venues like the Bitter End in Greenwich Village, where shows typically have a $12 cover and a two-drink minimum.
The couple has cut back on going to expensive concerts — they used to try to see Elvis Costello every time he came to New York, for example — but have timeworn strategies for getting affordable theater tickets.
They recently splurged on tickets to “Oedipus” on Broadway for themselves and their daughter, who they treated to a ticket as a birthday gift. The seats were in the nosebleed section, but still cost $80 apiece.
The couple has a $75 annual membership to the Film Forum, which gives them reduced price tickets to movies. They occasionally get discounted tickets to the opera through their son’s work, and when they don’t, they pay for family circle passes, which are usually $47 a head, plus a $10 fee.
Ms. Wade, who grew up commuting from Flushing, Queens, to Manhattan to take dance lessons, sometimes takes $20 drop-in ballet classes during the week at the Dance Theater of Harlem, just a few blocks away from the apartment.
Recently, when the couple paid off their mortgage, Ms. Wade celebrated by giving herself a treat: weekly private singing lessons, for $125 a session.
The technology industry is obsessed with the future.
Many of our modern marvels are rooted in the legacy of Bell Labs, an innovation powerhouse in suburban New Jersey.
Bell Labs, the once-famed research arm of AT&T, celebrated the centennial of its founding last year.
In its heyday, starting in the 1940s, the lab created a cascade of inventions, including the transistor, information theory and an enduring computer software language. The labs’ digital DNA is in our smartphones, social media and chatbot conversations.
“Every hour of your day has a bit of Bell Labs in it,” observed Jon Gertner, author of “The Idea Factory,” a history of the storied research center.
Bell Labs’ most far-reaching idea — information theory — forms the bedrock of computing. The mathematical framework, known as the “Magna Carta of the information age,” provided a blueprint for sending and receiving information with precision and reliability. It was the brainchild of Claude Shannon, a brilliant eccentric whom the A.I. start-up Anthropic named its chatbot after.
Last month, Nvidia announced a new A.I. chip packed with more than 300 billion transistors — the tiny on-off electrical switches invented in the lab.
Bell Labs became so powerful and renowned that it is entrenched in pop culture. The 1968 sci-fi movie “2001: A Space Odyssey” drew inspiration from Bell Labs, and the father of the titular character in the period dramedy “The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel” worked there. Most recently, characters in the show “Severance” report to a former Bell Labs building.
Here are some of the labs’ most prominent inventions.
Bell Labs described itself as a wide-ranging “institute of creative technology.” And it was a well-funded one, thanks to the monopoly held by AT&T — with incentive to expand Ma Bell’s phone business.
One invention was Telstar, the first powerful communications satellite, which could receive radio signals, then amplify them (10 billion times) and retransmit them. This allowed for real-time phone conversations across oceans, high-speed data communications and global television broadcasts.
1960
In 1960, Bell Labs launched an earlier orbital communications satellite in collaboration with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration — a passive balloon satellite called Echo that could reflect signals one way.
1962
The lab again teamed up with NASA to launch the smaller Telstar, which was about three feet in diameter and weighed 170 pounds.
1962
Bell Labs also developed some of the rocket technology that launched the satellite, a byproduct of an antiballistic missile project.
1962
Lyndon B. Johnson, vice president at the time, spoke on the first phone conversation bounced off a satellite. “You’re coming through nicely,” he assured Frederick Kappel, the phone company’s chairman.
PRESENT
In the decades since, those groundbreaking inventions from Bell Labs have become ubiquitous and affordable. International phone calls and television broadcasts are part of daily life. Today, more than 11,000 satellites provide internet, surveillance and navigation services, and are crucial for driverless cars and drone warfare.
While developing mobile-phone service, Bell Labs scientists drove around in a van to check transmission quality.
The labs submitted its plan for a working cellular network to the government in 1971, and AT&T opened the first commercial cellular service in Chicago more than a decade later.
1968
An early, simple version of mobile service was essentially a conventional phone on wheels — the car phone. Through radio technology, it connected to the landline network for calls.
1972
Smaller, more powerful chips, radios and batteries made a truly mobile phone possible. It still weighed nearly two pounds.
PRESENT
The technology continued to improve, as cellphones grew smaller and more sophisticated. Smartphones, which gained popularity with the iPhone’s launch in 2007, helped cement the devices as everywhere, ever-present and the dominant device for communication, information and entertainment — for better or worse.
The Picturephone allowed you to see the person you were talking to on a small screen.
1968
And it was heavily promoted. An ad for the Picturephone said it amounted to “crossing a telephone with a TV set.” Its tagline: “Someday you’ll be a star!”
1964
The Picturephone was introduced to great fanfare at the 1964 New York World’s Fair.
1964
Even the White House was enlisted for a publicized demo. Lady Bird Johnson spoke via Picturephone to a Bell Labs scientist, Elizabeth Wood.
1968
But at the cost of $16 for a three-minute call (more than $165 today), the novelty soon wore off. Though a market failure, the Picturephone had a star turn in Stanley Kubrick’s “2001: A Space Odyssey.”
PRESENT
Decades later, tech giants ran with the vision of talking with people on video. Similar technology is now incorporated in every smartphone, allowing families to chat in real time. Video calls have also transformed the way we work — connecting people around the world for meetings.
The light-sensitive electronic sensor, called a charge-coupled device, opened the door to digital imaging. It captured images by converting photons of light into electrons, breaking images into pixels.
1978
Efforts to use the imaging sensors in cameras and camcorders began in the 1970s, and the products steadily improved. The cameras got smaller and the images sharper. Willard Boyle and George E. Smith earned a share of the Nobel Prize in Physics for their invention.
1978
The science is complicated, but the sensor converts light to electrical charges, stores them and then shifts them across the chip to be measured.
PRESENT
By the early 2000s, a smaller, cheaper technology, CMOS, had won out in mass markets like camera phones. But charge-coupled sensors remained the choice for tasks requiring very high resolution, like mapping the Milky Way.
The silicon solar cell was a Bell Labs triumph of material physics.
The solar cell performs a special kind of photon-to-electron conversion — sunlight to energy.
1956
But while a scientific success, the early solar cell technology was a market flop — prohibitively expensive for mainstream adoption. By one estimate at the time, it would have cost $1.5 million for the solar cells needed to meet the electricity needs of the average American house in 1956.
PRESENT
The solar industry would take off decades later, riding the revolution in semiconductor technology, with prices falling and performance soaring. Government subsidies in many countries, eager to nurture clean energy development, helped as well. Today, light-catching panels stretch across fields and deserts.
All computer technology stems from the transistor, the seemingly infinitely scalable nugget of hardware that is essentially an on-off electrical switch that powers digital technology. It was invented at Bell Labs, which licensed the technology to others, paving the way for today’s tech industry.
The versatile transistor can also boost signals by gating electrons and then releasing them.
1956
These transistors — seen on the face of a dime — were the tiniest in their day. The smaller the transistors, the more that can be packed on a chip, using less electricity and enabling faster, more powerful computers.
1950s
Improvements in transistor design led to mass production in the 1950s, helping inspire new products like the portable transistor radio.
1956
The transistor’s inventors — John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and William Shockley — shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for their creation.
1979
The technology continued to improve as a “computer on a chip” in the late 1970s. It was smaller than a fingernail and a few hundredths of an inch thick.
PRESENT
Today’s microscopic transistors animate the chips that go into our phones, computers and cars. The artificial intelligence boom is powered by chips of almost unimaginable scale. Jensen Huang, president of Nvidia, recently showed off the company’s new Rubin A.I. chip, with 336 billion transistors.
The first primaries for the 2026 midterm elections are scheduled for early March. For Republican and Democratic state lawmakers still trying to redraw district maps for the U.S. House of Representatives, where Republicans have a razor-thin margin, there is not much time left.
While legal challenges remain — including a potentially seismic Supreme Court decision on the Voting Rights Act — here is a breakdown of states where maps affecting November’s election have already been redone, or states have taken action to make changes.
These states have changed their maps
Texas could add 5 Republican seats in the midterms
The first group to heed President Trump’s call last year to reshape Congress was the Republican majority in Texas.
Democrats staged a two-week walkout, arguing that the new districts would illegally dilute Black and Hispanic representation. But Gov. Greg Abbott, a Republican, signed the measure into law in August, and the Supreme Court upheld the map in December.
California could add 5 Democratic seats
In response, Gov. Gavin Newsom, a Democrat, persuaded the legislature in August, and voters in November, to counterpunch.
The Supreme Court, echoing its Texas order, upheld California’s new map in February, dismissing Republican claims that it illegally favored Latino voters.
Missouri could add 1 Republican seat
Gov. Mike Kehoe, a Republican, in late September signed into law a new map that would split Kansas City, a Democratic stronghold, into rural and largely Republican districts.
Republicans hope to oust the longtime Representative Emanuel Cleaver, who was the first Black mayor of Kansas City. But lawsuits are in progress.
North Carolina could add 1 Republican seat
The Republican-controlled legislature approved a new map in October that imperils the re-election chances of Representative Don Davis, a Democrat, who represents the northeastern corner of the state.
Under the state Constitution, Gov. Josh Stein, a Democrat, cannot veto the new map.
Ohio could add 1 to 2 Republican seats
Even before Mr. Trump’s push, Ohio was required, under its state Constitution, to redraw its congressional maps. So in October, a state commission approved plans to dilute Democratic-held districts near Toledo and Cincinnati.
Utah could add 1 Democratic seat
A state judge in November tossed out a map drawn by the Republican-dominated legislature as being unfairly tilted against Democrats. The judge then adopted an alternative proposed by a centrist group that preserved a Democratic-leaning district surrounding Salt Lake City.
The Utah legislature has appealed to the Utah Supreme Court, while two of state’s congressional Republicans have filed a federal lawsuit to void the map.
These states are trying to change their maps
Florida could add 2 to 4 Republican seats in the midterms
Gov. Ron DeSantis, a Republican, has proposed that a special legislative session be convened in late April on redistricting. Republicans, who control most of the state’s congressional seats, are eyeing a gain of two to four more in central and South Florida.
Virginia could add 2 to 4 Democratic seats
The Democratic legislature has passed a constitutional amendment allowing lawmakers to redraw congressional districts before the midterms. If voters say yes to a referendum on April 21, the Democrats could net between two and four seats under a proposed new map.
A state judge initially blocked the effort to change the map. But the Virginia Supreme Court has allowed the referendum to proceed, and says that it will rule afterward on whether the plan is legal.
New York could add 1 Democratic seat
A state judge has ruled that a district represented by Nicole Malliotakis, New York City’s only Republican member of Congress, disenfranchises Black and Latino voters. The judge has ordered an independent redistricting commission to come up with new maps for the district, which includes Staten Island and part of Brooklyn. Republicans are appealing.
Maryland could add 1 Democratic seat
In Maryland, a latecomer, the House of Delegates has approved a plan that would ask voters to ratify new congressional boundaries in November — while also choosing the candidates to represent those districts.
The State Senate appears reluctant, so far. But if the plan proceeds, Democrats could turn what is now a 7-1 advantage into 8-0.
Reporting contributed by Nick Corasaniti.
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